<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

This study focuses on the development of urbanization around International Baghdad Airport and its impact on aviation meteorology in terms of the vertical changes of air temperature and wind. Based on the results published in [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="j_oszn-2023-0007_ref_033">Zeina, Al-Jiboori 2023</xref>], built-up areas were calculated using the satellite images of Landsat in ArcGIS 10.7 software in the month of July in five-year intervals between 1985 and 2020: 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020. The result shows that surface air temperature has the lowest value, at 34.85 °C, in 1985, and the highest one, at 39.55 °C, in 2020. Variations in wind shear were also observed in 1990, 2005 and 2015 with a value of 0.06 s-1, while 2000 and 2020 both had a value of 0.054 s-1. In representing the relationship between the extracted areas and their meteorological parameters, we found a weak positive relationship between Built-up Index (BUI) area and air temperature, and a significant positive correlation between BUI areas and wind shear.
</abstract>

Atmospheric Sciences Dept., College of Science

Impact of Built-up Areas Surrounding the International Baghdad Airport on Aviation Meteorology

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

This article aims to identify the limitations of the method used in Poland to estimate losses caused by natural extreme phenomena [e.g., floods, flooding, heavy rainfall, strong winds, spring frosts and negative effects of wintering] and to propose recommendations that will improve our ability to assess the impact of extreme events in the country. Information about issues related to the adopted method for estimating the effects of natural extreme phenomena in the country was gathered through a survey conducted with participants in the damage and loss estimation process. This article focuses on examining the method of estimating losses applied after the occurrence of a specific event [ex-post].
The method of estimating losses and the method of collecting data on losses in Poland does not guarantee comprehensive information on the effects of natural extreme events. Limited access to reliable data increases the uncertainty of research related to assessing the impact of extreme events on the environment, society and economy. The conducted research allowed us to develop recommendations, which were divided into two groups: the near- and long-term. They include the implementation of a system for collecting data on the effects of disasters, the development of methods to assess the social and long-term impact of extreme events and the development of methods involving satellite remote sensing and airborne laser scanning.
</abstract>

Limitations of current loss estimation methods and recommendations to improve the assessment of post-disaster impacts of extreme events in Poland

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Nature-based tourist destinations attract millions of visitors every year. In 2020, this trend was interrupted by the emergence of the COVID-19 disease and the introduction of global travel restrictions, which significantly reduced the number of tourists. However, with the lifting of these restrictions, the number of visitors to natural areas is increasing even faster. Many of these destinations are national parks and are poorly prepared for rapidly growing attendance, making the impact of human presence on wildlife in protected areas a concern. The main impacts of nature-based tourism on protected areas are: negative impacts on wildlife behaviour by increasing stress levels and spreading diseases and invasive species. There is a risk that nature-based tourism will cause even more damage to nature in the near future, as tourists’ knowledge of ecology and nature conservation is still insufficient, visitor numbers are increasing dynamically and the adaptation and management of protected areas is still inadequate. The most urgent research directions related to nature-based tourism are: large carnivores, ungulates, birds, amphibians and reptiles. Solutions for the management of protected areas should include: e.g. the establishment of educational centres, the provision of additional attractions, the temporary exclusion of certain parts of national parks and the reconstruction of tourism infrastructure in protected areas.
</abstract>

Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology

The need for wildlife research and improved management of protected areas in the face of increased nature-based tourism

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Environmental Protection and Natural Resources

Volume 34 (2023): Issue 3 (September 2023)

Impact of Built-up Areas Surrounding the International Baghdad Airport on Aviation Meteorology

Limitations of current loss estimation methods and recommendations to improve the assessment of post-disaster impacts of extreme events in Poland

The need for wildlife research and improved management of protected areas in the face of increased nature-based tourism

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