Mechanical properties of the patellar tendon in weightlifting athletes – the utility of myotonometry. Adaptations of patellar tendon to mechanical loading
Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in KatowiceBytom, Poland
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Adam N.C., Smith C.R., Herzog W., Amis A.A., Arampatzis A., Taylor W.R., In Vivo Strain Patterns in the Achilles Tendon During Dynamic Activities: A Comprehensive Survey of the Literature, Sports Med. Open, 2023, 9 (1), 60, DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00604-5.Search in Google Scholar
Agyapong-Badu S., Warner M., Samuel D., Stokes M., Measurement of ageing effects on muscle tone and mechanical properties of rectus femoris and biceps brachii in healthy males and females using a novel hand-held myometric device, Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr., 2016, 62, 59–67, DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2015.09.011.Search in Google Scholar
Alvarez-Diaz P., Alentorn-Geli E., Ramon S., Marin M., Steinbacher G., Boffa J.J. et al., Effects of anterior cruciate ligament injury on neuromuscular tensiomyographic characteristics of the lower extremity in competitive male soccer players. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy, Official Journal of the ESSKA, 2016, 24 (7), 2264–2270, DOI: 10.1007/s00167-014-3319-4.Search in Google Scholar
Bialas P., Gronwald B., Roloff K., Kreutzer S., Gottschling S., Welsch K. et al. Pain in tones – Is it possible to hear the pain quality? A pilot trial, Patient Education and Counseling, 2019, 102 (1), 134–138, DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2018.08.017.Search in Google Scholar
Benage L.G., Sweeney J.D., Giers M.B., Balasubramanian R., Dynamic Load Model Systems of Tendon Inflammation and Mechanobiology, Front Bioeng. Biotechnol., 2022, 15, DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.896336.Search in Google Scholar
Bersiner K., Park S.Y., Schaaf K., Yang W.H., Theis C., Jacko D. et al., Resistance exercise: a mighty tool that adapts, destroys, rebuilds and modulates the molecular and structural environment of skeletal muscle, Phys. Act. Nutr., 2023, 27 (2), 78–95, DOI: 10.20463/pan.2023.0021.Search in Google Scholar
Bohm S., Mersmann F., Arampatzis A., Human tendon adaptation in response to mechanical loading: a systematic review and meta-analysis of exercise intervention studies on healthy adults, Sports Med. Open, 2015, 1 (1), 7, DOI: 10.1186/s40798-015-0009-9.Search in Google Scholar
Bontemps B., Gruet M., Louis J., Owens D.J., Miríc S., Vercruyssen F. et al., Patellar Tendon Adaptations to Downhill Running Training and Their Relationships With Changes in Mechanical Stress and Loading History, J. Strength Cond. Res., 2024, 38 (1), 21–29, DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004617.Search in Google Scholar
Bravo-Sánchez A., Abián P., Jiménez F., Abián-Vicén J., Myotendinous asymmetries derived from the prolonged practice of badminton in professional players, PLoS One, 2019, 14 (9), e0222190, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222190.Search in Google Scholar
Chainani P.H., Buzo Mena M., Yeritsyan D., Caro D., Momenzadeh K., Galloway J.L. et al., Successive tendon injury in an in vivo rat overload model induces early damage and acute healing responses, Front Bioeng. Biotechnol., 2024, 7, DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1327094.Search in Google Scholar
Chen G., Wu J., Chen G., Lu Y., Ren W., Xu W. et al., Reliability of a portable device for quantifying tone and stiffness of quadriceps femoris and patellar tendon at different knee flexion angles, PLoS One, 2019, 14, e0220521, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220521.Search in Google Scholar
Cristi-Sánchez I., Danes-Daetz C., Neira A., Ferrada W., Yáńez Díaz R., Silvestre Aguirre R., Patellar and Achilles tendon stiffness in elite soccer players assessed using myotonometric measurements, Sports Health, 2019, 11 (2), 157–162, DOI: 10.1177/1941738118820517.Search in Google Scholar
Epro G., Mierau A., Doerner J., Luetkens J.A., Scheef L., Kukuk G.M. et al., The Achilles tendon is mechanosensitive in older adults: adaptations following 14 weeks versus 1.5 years of cyclic strain exercise, J. Exp. Biol., 2017, 220 (6), 1008–1018, DOI: 10.1242/jeb.146407.Search in Google Scholar
Eriksen C.S., Svensson R.B., Gylling A.T., Couppé C., Magnusson S.P., Kjaer M., Load magnitude affects patellar tendon mechanical properties but not collagen or collagen cross-linking after long-term strength training in older adults, BMC Geriatr., 2019, 19 (1), 30, DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1043-0.Search in Google Scholar
Freedman B.R., Sarver J.J., Buckley M.R., Voleti P.B., Soslowsky L.J., Biomechanical and structural response of healing Achilles tendon to fatigue loading following acute injury, J. Biomech., 2014, 47, 2028–2034, DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.10.054.Search in Google Scholar
Gervasi M., Benelli P., Venerandi R., Fernández-Peńa E., Relationship between muscle-tendon stiffness and drop jump performance in young male basketball players during developmental stages, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2022, 19 (24), 17017, DOI: org/10.3390/ijerph192417017.Search in Google Scholar
Grosset J.F., Breen L., Stewart C.E., Burgess K.E., Onambélé G.L., Influence of exercise intensity on training-induced tendon mechanical properties changes in older individuals, Age (Omaha), 2014, 36 (3), 9657, DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9657-9.Search in Google Scholar
Heinemeier K.M., Schjerling P., Heinemeier J., Magnusson S.P., Kjaer M., Lack of tissue renewal in human adult Achilles tendon is revealed by nuclear bomb 14C, Faseb J., 2013, 27 (5), 2074–2079, DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-225599.Search in Google Scholar
Holzer D., Millard M., Hahn D., Siebert T., Schwirtz A., Seiberl W., Tendon compliance and preload must be considered when determining the in vivo force-velocity relation-ship from the torque-angular velocity relation, Sci. Rep., 2023, 13 (1), 6588, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33643-9.Search in Google Scholar
Jiang L., Liu T., Lyu K., Chen Y., Lu J., Wang X. et al., Inflammation-related signaling pathways in tendinopathy, Open Life Sci., 2023, 18 (1), 20220729, DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0729.Search in Google Scholar
Kay A.D., Blazevich A.J., Tysoe J.C., Baxter B.A., Cross-Education Effects of Isokinetic Eccentric Plantar-flexor Training on Flexibility, Strength, and Muscle-Tendon Mechanics, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 2024, DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003418.Search in Google Scholar
Klich S., Ficek K., Krymski I., Klimek A., Kawczyński A., Madeleine P., Fernández-De-Las-Peńas C., Quadriceps and patellar tendon thickness and stiffness in elite track cyclists: An ultrasonographic and myotonometric evaluation, Front Physiol., 2020, 11, 607208, DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.607208.Search in Google Scholar
Klich S., Krymski I., Kawczyński A., Viscoelastic properties of lower extremity muscles after elite track cycling sprint events: a case report, Central Eur. J. Sport Sci. Med., 2020, 29, 5–10, DOI: 10.18276/cej.2020.1-01.Search in Google Scholar
Kopecká B., Ravnik D., Jelen K., Bittner V., Objective Methods of Muscle Tone Diagnosis and Their Application – A Critical Review, Sensors (Basel), 2023, 23 (16), 7189, DOI: 10.3390/s23167189.Search in Google Scholar
Lee J., Bridge J.E., Clark D.R., Stewart C.E., Erskine R.M., Collagen supplementation augments changes in patellar ten-don properties in female soccer players, Front Physiol., 2023, 14, 1089971, DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1089971.Search in Google Scholar
Lee W.C., Zhang Z.J., Masci L., Alterations in mechanical properties of the patellar tendon is associated with pain in athletes with patellar tendinopathy, Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 2017, 117 (5), 1039–1045, DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3593-1.Search in Google Scholar
Liang X., Wang B., Zeng X., Tang Y., Xiao F., Haiwei L. et al., Effect of different resting time on patella-patellar tendon healing after acute injury, Chin. J. Tissue Eng. Res., 2017, 21, 1805–1812, DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.1191058.Search in Google Scholar
Lima M.E., Costa Júnior J.F.S., Pereira W.C.A., Oliveira L.F., Assessment of the mechanical properties of the muscle-tendon unit by supersonic shear wave imaging elas-tography: a review, Ultrasonography, 2018, 37 (1), 3–15, DOI: 10.14366/usg.17017.Search in Google Scholar
Massey G.J., Balshaw T.G., Maden-Wilkinson T.M., Folland J.P., Tendinous tissue properties after short- and long-term functional overload: Differences between controls, 12 weeks and 4 years of resistance training, Acta Physiol., 2018, 2017, e13019, DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01170.Search in Google Scholar
Mccreesh K.M., Purtill H., Donnelly A.E., Lewis J.S., Increased supraspinatus tendon thickness following fatigue loading in rotator cuff tendinopathy: potential implications for exercise therapy, BMJ Open Sport Exerc. Med., 2017, 3, e000279, DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000279.Search in Google Scholar
Mccrum C., Leow P., Epro G., König M., Meijer K., Karamanidis K., Alterations in leg extensor muscle-tendon unit biomechanical properties with ageing and mechanical loading, Front Physiol., 2018, 9, 150, DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00150.Search in Google Scholar
Mcmahon G., No Strain, No Gain? The Role of Strain and Load Magnitude in Human Tendon Responses and Adaptation to Loading, J. Strength Cond. Res., 2022, 36 (10), 2950–2956, DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004288.Search in Google Scholar
Mencel J., Marusiak J., Jaskólska A., Jaskólski A., Kisiel-Sajewicz K., Impact of the location of myometric measurement. Muscles Ligaments Tendons, J. Physiol., 2021, 11 (3), 525–535, DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.638780.Search in Google Scholar
Obst S.J., Heales L.J., Schrader B.L., Davis S.A., Dodd K.A., Holzberger C.J. et al., Are the Mechanical or Material Properties of the Achilles and Patellar Tendons Altered in Tendinopathy? A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis, Sports Med., 2018, 48 (9), 2179–2198, DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0956-7.Search in Google Scholar
Römer C., Zessin E., Czupajllo J., Fischer T., Wolfarth B., Lerchbaumer M.H., Effect of physical parameters and train-ing load on patellar tendon stiffness in professional athletes, Diagnostics (Basel), 2023, 13 (15), 2541, DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13152541.Search in Google Scholar
Schoenrock B., Zander V., Dern S., Limper U., Mulder E., Veraksitš A., Viir R. et al., Bed rest, exercise countermea-sure and reconditioning effects on the human resting muscle tone system, Front Physiol., 2018, 9, 810, DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00810.Search in Google Scholar
Skopińska-Wiśniewska J., Węgrzynowska-Drzymalska K., Bajek A., Maj M., Sionkowska A., Is dialdehyde starch a valuable cross-linking agent for collagen/elastin based materials?, J. Mater Sci. Mater. Med., 2016, 27 (4), 67, DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5677-6.Search in Google Scholar
Sohirad S., Wilson D., Waugh C., Finnamore E., Scott A., Feasibility of using a hand-held device to characterize ten-don tissue biomechanics, PLoS One, 2017, 12 (9), e0184463, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184463.Search in Google Scholar
Speed A., Groetsch A., Schwiedrzik J.J., Wolfram U., Extrafibrillar matrix yield stress and failure envelopes for mineralised collagen fibril arrays, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 2020, 105, 103563, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103563.Search in Google Scholar
Spiesz E.M., Zysset P.K., Structure-mechanics relationships in mineralized tendons, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 2015, 52, 72–84, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.03.013.Search in Google Scholar
Squier K., Mousavizadeh R., Damji F., Beck C., Hunt M., Scott A., In vitro collagen biomarkers in mechanically stimulated human tendon cells: a systematic review, Connect Tissue Res., 2024, 65 (2), 89–101, DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2024. 2313582.Search in Google Scholar
Szajkowski S., Pasek J., Dwornik M., Zajączkowski M., Cieślar G., Are the mechanical properties of Achilles tendon altered in CrossFit athletes? Reliability and accuracy of myotonometry, Acta Bioeng. Biomech., 2023, 25 (2), 103–113, DOI: 10.37190/ABB-02283-2023-01.Search in Google Scholar
Taª S., Yilmaz S., Onur M.R., Soylu A.R., Altuntaª O., Korkusuz F., Patellar tendon mechanical properties change with gender, body mass index and quadriceps femoris muscle strength, Acta Orthop. Traumatol. Turc., 2017, 51 (1), 54–59, DOI: org/10.1016/j.aott.2016.12.003.Search in Google Scholar
Tsui S.S., Leong H.T., Leung V.Y., Ying M., Fu S.N., Tendon vascularity in overhead athletes with subacromial pain syndrome and its correlation with the resting subacro-mial space, J. Shoulder Elbow Surg., 2017, 26, 774–780, DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2016.09.041.Search in Google Scholar
Wiesinger H.P., Kosters A., Muller E., Seynnes O.R., Effects of increased loading on in vivo tendon properties: a systematic review, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 2015, 47 (9), 1885–1895, DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000603.Search in Google Scholar
Young F.C., Cristi-Sánchez I., Danes-Daetz C., Monckeberg J.E., Aguirre R.S., Patellar tendon stiffness in elite breakdancers assessed by myotonometric measurement, J. Dance Med. Sci., 2018, 22, 179–183, DOI: 10.12678/1089-313X.22.4.179.Search in Google Scholar
Zhang Q., Adam N.C., Hosseini Nasab S.H., Taylor W.R., Smith C.R., Techniques for In Vivo Measurement of Ligament and Tendon Strain: A Review, Ann. Biomed. Eng., 2021, 49 (1), 7–28, DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02635-5.Search in Google Scholar