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Epidemiological, Clinical, and Laboratory Features of Children with SARS-CoV-2 in Ukraine

Tetiana Harashchenko
Tetiana Harashchenko
, 
Tetiana Umanets
Tetiana Umanets
, 
Volodymyr Podolskiy
Volodymyr Podolskiy
, 
Tetiana Kaminska
Tetiana Kaminska
, 
Yuriy Marushko
Yuriy Marushko
, 
Vasily Podolskiy
Vasily Podolskiy
, 
Volodymyr Lapshyn
Volodymyr Lapshyn
 y 
Yurii Antypkin
Yurii Antypkin
   | 07 ago 2023
Journal of Mother and Child's Cover Image
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Article Category: Original Research
Publicado en línea: 07 ago 2023
Páginas: 33 - 41
Recibido: 24 ene 2023
Aceptado: 09 feb 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.34763/jmotherandchild.20232701.d-23-00012
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© 2023 Tetiana Harashchenko et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Clinical Features of Children

Symptoms Symptom presence Moderate (n=133) Severe (n=38) Total (n=171) χ2 test p-value
n % n % n %
Fever <38°c 114 85.71 35 92.11 149 87.13 0.58 0.44
19 14.29 3 7.89 22 12.87
Sore throat + 90 67.67 29 76.32 119 69.59 0.67 0.41
− 43 32.33 9 23.68 52 30.41
Cough + 77 57.89 28 73.68 105 61.40 2.47 0.11
− 56 42.11 10 26.32 66 38.60
Rhinitis + 73 54.89 27 71.05 100 58.48 2.54 0.11
− 60 45.11 11 28.95 71 41.52
Myalgia + 42 31.58 26 68.42 68 39.77 15.24 0.0001*
− 91 68.42 12 31.58 103 60.23
Lymphadenopathy + 37 27.82 16 42.11 53 30.99 2.19 0.13
− 96 72.18 22 57.89 118 69.01
Wheezing + 41 30.83 10 26.32 51 29.82 0.11 0.73
− 92 69.17 28 73.68 120 70.18
Headache + 24 18.05 15 39.47 39 22.81 6.5 0.01*
− 109 81.95 23 60.53 132 77.19
Diarrhea + 21 15.79 16 42.10 37 21.63 10.56 0.001*
− 112 84.82 22 57.90 134 78.36
Anosmia + 17 12.78 1 2.63 18 10.53 2.24 0.13
− 116 87.22 37 97.37 153 89.47
Dermatological changes + 17 12.78 0 0.00 17 9.94 2.24 0.13
− 116 87.22 38 100.00 154 90.06
Dyspnea + 2 1.50 12 31.58 14 8.19 31.67 0.00001*
− 131 98.50 26 68.42 157 91.81
Ageusia + 9 6.77 1 2.63 10 5.85 0.32 0.57
− 124 93.23 37 97.37 161 94.15
Cyanosis + 0 0.00 5 13.16 5 2.92 10.02 0.001*
− 133 100.00 33 86.84 166 97.08

Comorbidities

Comorbidities Moderate course (n=133) Severe course (n=38) Total (n=171) p-value
n % n % n %
RRI 60 45.11 29 76.31 89 52.04 0.7
Chronic tonsillitis 15 11.28 5 13.16 20 11.7 0.7
CMV 5 3.76 6 15.79 11 6.43 0.9
Anemia 6 4.51 5 13.16 11 6.43 0.5
Atopic dermatitis 7 5.26 4 10.52 9 5.23 0.6
Neurological disorder 3 2.25 5 13.16 8 4.68 0.5
Urinary tract diseases 6 4.51 2 5.26 8 4.68 0.6
Allergy 6 4.51 1 2.63 7 4.09 0.9
Congenital heart disease 5 3.76 1 2.63 6 3.51 0.9
Gastrointestinal diseases 3 2.25 2 5.26 5 2.92 0.5
Obesity 3 2.25 2 5.26 5 2.92 0.5
Epilepsy 2 1.5 3 7.89 5 2.92 0.8
Asthma 3 2.25 1 2.63 4 2.34 0.9
Congenital bone disorders 0 0 2 5.26 2 1.17 0.3
Oncological disease 2 1.5 0 0 2 1.17 0.3
Diabetes 1 0.75 0 0 1 0.58 0.3
HIV 1 0.75 0 0 1 0.58 0.3
UCTD 1 0.75 0 0 1 0.58 0.3

Demographic Characteristics of Pediatric Patients

Moderate (n=133) Severe (n=38) Total cases (n=171)
n% % n % n %
Sex Boys 64 48.12 22 57.89 86 50.3
Girls 69 51.88 16 42.11 85 49.7
Age distribution, years Infants (2 months – 1 year) 13 9.77 7 18.42 20 11.69
Toddlers (1 – 3 years) 10 7.52 15 39.47 25 14.62
Preschool (3 – 5 years) 6 4.51 5 13.16 11 6.43
Middle Childhood (6 – 12 years) 57 42.86 4 10.53 61 35.67
Adolescence (13 – 18 years) 47 35.34 7 18.42 54 31.58

Laboratory Test Changes in Pediatric Patients with COVID-19

Parameter Reference values Moderate (n=133) Severe (n =38) Total (n=171) p-value
n % n % n %
RBC (*1012 cells/L) <3.5 2 1.50 3 7.90 5 2.92 0.001*
3.5–5.0 71 53.38 22 57.90 93 54.38 0.6
>5.0 60 45.11 13 34.21 73 42.70 0.2
HGB (g/L) <110 6 4.51 1 2.63 7 4.09 0.5
110–140 74 55.64 37 97.37 111 64.91 0.001*
>140 53 39.85 0 0.00 53 30.99 0.001
WBC (*109 cells/L) <5.5 29 21.80 9 23.68 38 22.22 0.6
5.5–12 81 60.90 20 52.63 101 59.06 0.3
>12 23 17.29 9 23.68 32 18.71 0.1
Lymphocytes (%) <45 93 69.92 24 63.16 117 68.42 0.4
45–65 32 24.06 10 26.32 42 24.56 0.7
>65 8 6.02 4 10.53 12 7.02 0.4
Eosinophils (%) <0.5 2 1.50 1 2.63 3 1.75 0.4
0.5–7 128 96.24 37 97.37 165 96.49 0.6
>7 3 2.26 0 0.00 3 1.75 0.1
ERS (mm/h) <10 119 89.47 36 94.74 155 90.64 0.2
>10 14 10.53 2 5.26 16 9.36 0.2
CRP (mg/L) <3 72 54.14 8 21.05 80 46.78 0.001*
>3 61 45.86 30 78.95 91 53.22
ALT (IU/L) <40 116 89.23 32 91.48 148 86.59 0.6
>40 14 10.76 3 8.57 17 10.30 0.6
AST (IU/L) <40 106 81.53 17 48.57 123 75.54 0.001*
>40 24 18.46 18 51.42 42 25.45
Creatinine (mmol/L) <50 65 60.74 25 83.33 91 66.42 0.01
>50 42 39.25 5 16.66 46 35.57
Urea (mmol/L) 2.5–6.5 95 88.78 25 83.33 120 87.59 0.5
>6.5 12 11.21 5 16.66 17 12.40 0.5
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