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Growth Inhibition of Phytopathogenic Fungi and Oomycetes by Basidiomycete Irpex lacteus and Identification of its Antimicrobial Extracellular Metabolites


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Fig 1.

Phytopathogens growth inhibition in dual culture antagonism and antibiosis assays by I. lacteus (CMU-8413). In dual culture antagonism assays, I. lacteus was inoculated at the left. Tested phytopathogens were Fusarium pseudocircinatum, Fusarium mexicanum, Colletotrichum coccodes, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Phytophthora capsici, and Phytophthora cinnamomi. Assays were conducted in potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium at 28°C. Growth inhibition percentages are the mean of three independent assays and standard deviation (S.D.) is shown in parenthesis. Statistically significant (p < 0.01) growth inhibition values when compared with their respective control are indicated with an asterisk. Significance was determined by Student’s t-tests, independent by groups, and they were carried out using STATISTICA data analysis software system (StatSoft, Inc. 2007, version 7. http://www.statsoft.com).
Phytopathogens growth inhibition in dual culture antagonism and antibiosis assays by I. lacteus (CMU-8413). In dual culture antagonism assays, I. lacteus was inoculated at the left. Tested phytopathogens were Fusarium pseudocircinatum, Fusarium mexicanum, Colletotrichum coccodes, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Phytophthora capsici, and Phytophthora cinnamomi. Assays were conducted in potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium at 28°C. Growth inhibition percentages are the mean of three independent assays and standard deviation (S.D.) is shown in parenthesis. Statistically significant (p < 0.01) growth inhibition values when compared with their respective control are indicated with an asterisk. Significance was determined by Student’s t-tests, independent by groups, and they were carried out using STATISTICA data analysis software system (StatSoft, Inc. 2007, version 7. http://www.statsoft.com).

The previous reports on extracellular metabolites produced by Irpex lacteus (strain CMU-8413) at stationary phase.

MetaboliteFungal speciesSourceaBioactivity/CommentaReference
ApotrichodiolFusarium spp.EMmycotoxin(Lebrun et al. 2015)
ApotrichotheceneFusarium spp.EMmycotoxin(Lebrun et al. 2015)
Blennin DLentinellus cochleatusBEinhibitor of leukotriene biosynthesis(Wunder et al. 1996)
CollybialCollybia confluensEMantibacterial, antiviral(Simon et al. 1995)
Cyclocalopin ACaloboletus radicansBEantioxidant, antibacterial(Tareq et al. 2018)
DehydrooreadoneMarasmius oreadesEMNT(Ayer and Craw 1989)
Dictyoquinazol ADictyophora indusiata/other basidiomycetesBEneuroprotective(Lee et al. 2002)
DihydromarasmoneMarasmius oreadesEMantimicrobial(Ayer and Craw 1989)
FrequentinPenicillium frequentans/Penicillium spp.EMantifungal, antibacterial(Curtis et al. 1951)
Ganodermic acid JbGanoderma lucidumMENT(Shiao et al. 1988)
GeosminCortinarius herculeus/Cystoderma spp.BEmusty-earthy odor(Breheret et al. 1999)
MicrodiplodiasolMicrodiplodia sp.EMantifungal antibacterial(Siddiqui et al. 2011)
Pandangolide 1Cladosporium marineEMNA(Gesner et al. 2005)
PiperdialLactarius spp./Russula queletiiBEproduced by damage(Sterner et al. 1985)

Extracellular metabolites produced by Irpex lacteus (strain CMU-8413) at stationary phase.

Compound nameMolecular formulaObserved m/zAdductMain fragment ions m/zCompound class
ApotrichodiolC15H24O3251.1652m-h233.1547Sesquiterpene
ApotrichotheceneC15H24O2201.1637M+H-2H20157.1481, 186.1403, 173.1348, 159.1185, 145.1029, 128.0639, 115.0558, 105.0711Sesquiterpenoid epoxide
Blennin DC15H22O4265.1436m-h237.1386, 221.1418, 205.1473, 191.1441, 187.1406, 175.1412Sesquiterpene
CollybialC15H20O2215.1424m+h-h2o/M+H187.1512, 173.1325, 159.0804, 157.1008, 142.0792, 128.0869, 115.0534Sesquiterpene
Cyclocalopin AC15H20O6295.1168m-h251.1160, 233.1149, 221.1123, 215.0924, 203.1027, 189.1142, 173.0818, 167.0634, 157.0526Sesquiterpene
DehydrooreadoneC14H18O3279.1218M+FA-H261.0987, 233.1046, 219.0902, 201.0804, 189.1178, 185.0502, 183.0663, 173.0874Sesquiterpene
Dictyoquinazol AC17H16N2O4311.1090m-h267.1079, 237.0366, 205.1134, 193.1114, 187.1005, 175.1036, 159.0740, 151.0638, 149.0482Quinazoline
DihydromarasmoneC15H20O5279.1216m-h235.0976, 219.1390, 217.1131, 207.1277, 191.1342, 173.1250, 163.0871Sesquiterpene
FrequentinC14H20O4233.1181m-h2o-h205.1234, 196.8934, 189.1195, 173.0864Cyclohexanecarbaldehyde
Ganodermic acid JbC30H46O4453.3436M+H-H20322.2571, 208.3768, 119.0945Triterpene
GeosminC12H220203.1431M+Na-2H201.1177, 188.1100, 187.1010, 175.1426, 147.0792Sesquiterpene
MicrodiplodiasolC15H18O7309.0948M-H265.0858, 203.0963, 193.1139, 187.0612, 175.1035Xanthone derivative
Pandangolide 1C12H20O5243.1242m-h203.6930, 181.1234Polyketide
PiperdialC15H22O3251.1617m+h233.1537, 215.1455, 205.1587, 191.1067, 187.1503, 177.0810, 159.1189, 145.1029Unsaturated dialdehyde
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Life Sciences, Microbiology and Virology