Characterization of Microbial Diversity and Community Structure in Fermentation Pit Mud of Different Ages for Production of Strong-Aroma Baijiu

Baena S, Garcia JL, Cayol JL, Ollivier B. Aminobacterium. In: Whitman WB, Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M, Chun J, DeVos P, Hedlund B, Dedysh S, editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Hoboken (USA): John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust. 2015; p. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm01253 Baena S Garcia JL Cayol JL Ollivier B. Aminobacterium . In: Whitman WB Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M Chun J DeVos P Hedlund B Dedysh S , editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria . Hoboken (USA) : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust . 2015 ; p. 1 – 5 . https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm01253 10.1002/9781118960608.gbm01253 Search in Google Scholar

Bligh EG, Dyer WJ. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem. Physiol. 1959 Aug;37:911–917. https://doi.org/10.1139/y59-099 Bligh EG Dyer WJ. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification . Can J Biochem. Physiol. 1959 Aug ; 37 : 911 – 917 . https://doi.org/10.1139/y59-099 10.1139/y59-099 Search in Google Scholar

Boone DR. Methanobacterium. In: Whitman WB, Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M, Chun J, DeVos P, Hedlund B, Dedysh S, editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Hoboken (USA): John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust. 2015; p. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00495 Boone DR. Methanobacterium . In: Whitman WB Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M Chun J DeVos P Hedlund B Dedysh S , editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria . Hoboken (USA) : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust . 2015 ; p. 1 – 8 . https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00495 10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00495 Search in Google Scholar

Chai LJ, Lu ZM, Zhang XJ, Ma J, Xu PX, Qian W, Xiao C, Wang ST, Shen CH, Shi JS, Xu ZH. Zooming in on butyrate-producing Clostridial consortia in the fermented grains of baijiu via gene sequence-guided microbial isolation. Front Microbiol. 2019 Jun 21;10:1397. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01397 Chai LJ Lu ZM Zhang XJ Ma J Xu PX Qian W Xiao C Wang ST Shen CH Shi JS Xu ZH. Zooming in on butyrate-producing Clostridial consortia in the fermented grains of baijiu via gene sequence-guided microbial isolation . Front Microbiol. 2019 Jun 21 ; 10 : 1397 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01397 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01397661142431316481 Search in Google Scholar

Chai LJ, Xu PX, Qian W, Zhang XJ, Ma J, Lu ZM, Wang ST, Shen CH, Shi JS, Xu ZH. Profiling the Clostridia with butyrate-producing potential in the mud of Chinese liquor fermentation cellar. Int J Food Microbiol. 2019 May 16;297:41–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.02.023 Chai LJ Xu PX Qian W Zhang XJ Ma J Lu ZM Wang ST Shen CH Shi JS Xu ZH. Profiling the Clostridia with butyrate-producing potential in the mud of Chinese liquor fermentation cellar . Int J Food Microbiol. 2019 May 16 ; 297 : 41 – 50 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.02.023 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.02.02330878841 Search in Google Scholar

Chapelle FH, O’Neill K, Bradley PM, Methé BA, Ciufo SA, Knobel LL, Lovley DR. A hydrogen-based subsurface microbial com mu nity dominated by methanogens. Nature. 2002 Jan 17; 415(6869):312–315. https://doi.org/10.1038/415312a Chapelle FH O’Neill K Bradley PM Methé BA Ciufo SA Knobel LL Lovley DR. A hydrogen-based subsurface microbial com mu nity dominated by methanogens . Nature. 2002 Jan 17 ; 415 ( 6869 ): 312 – 315 . https://doi.org/10.1038/415312a 10.1038/415312a11797006 Search in Google Scholar

Chong SC, Boone DR. Methanocorpusculum. In: Whitman WB, Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M, Chun J, DeVos P, Hedlund B, Dedysh S, editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Hoboken (USA): John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust. 2015; p. 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00504 Chong SC Boone DR. Methanocorpusculum . In: Whitman WB Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M Chun J DeVos P Hedlund B Dedysh S , editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria . Hoboken (USA) : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust . 2015 ; p. 1 – 4 . https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00504 10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00504 Search in Google Scholar

DeLong EF. The microbial ocean from genomes to biomes. Nature. 2009 May 13;459(7244):200–206. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08059 DeLong EF. The microbial ocean from genomes to biomes . Nature. 2009 May 13 ; 459 ( 7244 ): 200 – 206 . https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08059 10.1038/nature0805919444206 Search in Google Scholar

Deng B, Shen CH, Shan XH, Ao ZH, Zhao JS, Shen XJ, Huang ZG. PCR-DGGE analysis on microbial communities in pit mud of cellars used for different periods of time. J Inst Brew. 2012 May 23;118(1):120–126. https://doi.org/10.1002/jib.2 Deng B Shen CH Shan XH Ao ZH Zhao JS Shen XJ Huang ZG. PCR-DGGE analysis on microbial communities in pit mud of cellars used for different periods of time . J Inst Brew. 2012 May 23 ; 118 ( 1 ): 120 – 126 . https://doi.org/10.1002/jib.2 10.1002/jib.2 Search in Google Scholar

Ding XF, Wu CD, Huang J, Li H, Zhou RQ. Eubacterial and archaeal community characteristics in the man-made pit mud revealed by combined PCR-DGGE and FISH analyses. Food Res Int. 2014 Aug;62:1047–1053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2014.05.045 Ding XF Wu CD Huang J Li H Zhou RQ. Eubacterial and archaeal community characteristics in the man-made pit mud revealed by combined PCR-DGGE and FISH analyses . Food Res Int. 2014 Aug ; 62 : 1047 – 1053 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2014.05.045 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.05.045 Search in Google Scholar

Ding XF, Wu CD, Huang J, Li H, Zhou RQ. Interphase microbial community characteristics in the fermentation cellar of Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor determined by PLFA and DGGE profiles. Food Res Int. 2015 Jun;72:16–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2015.03.018 Ding XF Wu CD Huang J Li H Zhou RQ. Interphase microbial community characteristics in the fermentation cellar of Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor determined by PLFA and DGGE profiles . Food Res Int. 2015 Jun ; 72 : 16 – 24 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2015.03.018 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.03.018 Search in Google Scholar

Edgar RC, Haas BJ, Clemente JC, Quince C, Knight R. UCHIME improves sensitivity and speed of chimera detection. Bioinformatics. 2011 Jun 23;27(16):2194–2200. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btr381 Edgar RC Haas BJ Clemente JC Quince C Knight R. UCHIME improves sensitivity and speed of chimera detection . Bioinformatics. 2011 Jun 23 ; 27 ( 16 ): 2194 – 2200 . https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btr381 10.1093/bioinformatics/btr381315004421700674 Search in Google Scholar

Edgar RC. UPARSE: highly accurate OTU sequences from microbial amplicon reads. Nat methods. 2013 Aug 18;10(10):996. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2604 Edgar RC. UPARSE: highly accurate OTU sequences from microbial amplicon reads . Nat methods. 2013 Aug 18 ; 10 ( 10 ): 996 . https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2604 10.1038/nmeth.260423955772 Search in Google Scholar

Ezaki T. Ruminococcus. In: Whitman WB, Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M, Chun J, DeVos P, Hedlund B, Dedysh S, editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Hoboken (USA): John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust. 2015; p. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00678 Ezaki T. Ruminococcus . In: Whitman WB Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M Chun J DeVos P Hedlund B Dedysh S , editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria . Hoboken (USA) : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust . 2015 ; p. 1 – 5 . https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00678 10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00678 Search in Google Scholar

Frostegård Å, Bååth E. The use of phospholipid fatty acid analysis to estimate bacterial and fungal biomass in soil. Biol Fertil Soils. 1996 Apr;22(1-2):59–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00384433 Frostegård Å Bååth E. The use of phospholipid fatty acid analysis to estimate bacterial and fungal biomass in soil . Biol Fertil Soils. 1996 Apr ; 22 ( 1-2 ): 59 – 65 . https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00384433 10.1007/BF00384433 Search in Google Scholar

Górecka H, Chojnacka K, Górecki H. The application of ICP-MS and ICP-OES in determination of micronutrients in wood ashes used as soil conditioners. Talanta. 2006 Dec 15;70(5):950–956. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2006.05.061 Górecka H Chojnacka K Górecki H. The application of ICP-MS and ICP-OES in determination of micronutrients in wood ashes used as soil conditioners . Talanta. 2006 Dec 15 ; 70 ( 5 ): 950 – 956 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2006.05.061 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.05.06118970865 Search in Google Scholar

Green CT, Scow KM. Analysis of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) to characterize microbial communities in aquifers. Hydrogeol J. 2000 Mar;8(1):126–141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s100400050013 Green CT Scow KM. Analysis of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) to characterize microbial communities in aquifers . Hydrogeol J. 2000 Mar ; 8 ( 1 ): 126 – 141 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s100400050013 10.1007/s100400050013 Search in Google Scholar

Großkopf R, Janssen PH, Liesack W. Diversity and structure of the methanogenic community in anoxic rice paddy soil microcosms as examined by cultivation and direct 16S rRNA gene sequence retrieval. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 May 1;64(3):960. Großkopf R Janssen PH Liesack W. Diversity and structure of the methanogenic community in anoxic rice paddy soil microcosms as examined by cultivation and direct 16S rRNA gene sequence retrieval . Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 May 1 ; 64 ( 3 ): 960 . 10.1128/AEM.64.3.960-969.19981063529501436 Search in Google Scholar

Hammes WP, Hertel C. Carnobacterium. In: Whitman WB, Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M, Chun J, DeVos P, Hedlund B, Dedysh S, editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Hoboken (USA): John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust. 2015a; p. 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00593 Hammes WP Hertel C. Carnobacterium . In: Whitman WB Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M Chun J DeVos P Hedlund B Dedysh S , editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria . Hoboken (USA) : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust . 2015a ; p. 1 – 14 . https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00593 10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00593 Search in Google Scholar

Hammes WP, Hertel C. Lactobacillus. In: Whitman WB, Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M, Chun J, DeVos P, Hedlund B, Dedysh S, editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Hoboken (USA): John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust. 2015b; p. 1–76. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00604 Hammes WP Hertel C. Lactobacillus . In: Whitman WB Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M Chun J DeVos P Hedlund B Dedysh S , editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria . Hoboken (USA) : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust . 2015b ; p. 1 – 76 . https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00604 10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00604 Search in Google Scholar

Hernandez-Eugenio G, Fardeau ML, Garcia JL, Ollivier B. Sporanaerobacter. In: Whitman WB, Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M, Chun J, DeVos P, Hedlund B, Dedysh S, editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Hoboken (USA): John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust. 2015; p. 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00720 Hernandez-Eugenio G Fardeau ML Garcia JL Ollivier B. Sporanaerobacter . In: Whitman WB Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M Chun J DeVos P Hedlund B Dedysh S , editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria . Hoboken (USA) : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust . 2015 ; p. 1 – 6 . https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00720 10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00720 Search in Google Scholar

Hu XL, Du H, Ren C, Xu Y. Illuminating anaerobic microbial community and cooccurrence patterns across a quality gradient in Chinese liquor fermentation pit muds. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2016 Apr 4;82(8):2506–2515. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03409-15 Hu XL Du H Ren C Xu Y. Illuminating anaerobic microbial community and cooccurrence patterns across a quality gradient in Chinese liquor fermentation pit muds . Appl Environ Microbiol. 2016 Apr 4 ; 82 ( 8 ): 2506 – 2515 . https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03409-15 10.1128/AEM.03409-15495948926896127 Search in Google Scholar

Hu XL, Du H, Xu Y. Identification and quantification of the caproic acid-producing bacterium Clostridium kluyveri in the fermentation of pit mud used for Chinese strong-aroma type liquor production. Int J Food Microbiol. 2015 Dec 2;214:116–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.07.032 Hu XL Du H Xu Y. Identification and quantification of the caproic acid-producing bacterium Clostridium kluyveri in the fermentation of pit mud used for Chinese strong-aroma type liquor production . Int J Food Microbiol. 2015 Dec 2 ; 214 : 116 – 122 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.07.032 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.07.03226267890 Search in Google Scholar

Langworthy TA. Thermoplasma. In: Whitman WB, Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M, Chun J, DeVos P, Hedlund B, Dedysh S, editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Hoboken (USA): John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust. 2015; p. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00524 Langworthy TA. Thermoplasma . In: Whitman WB Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M Chun J DeVos P Hedlund B Dedysh S , editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria . Hoboken (USA) : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust . 2015 ; p. 1 – 8 . https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00524 10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00524 Search in Google Scholar

Li H, Huang J, Liu XP, Zhou RQ, Ding XF, Xiang QY, Zhang LQ, Wu CD. Characterization of Interphase Microbial Community in Luzhou-Flavored liquor manufacturing pits of various ages by polyphasic detection methods. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2016 Oct 6;27(1):130–140. https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1605.05036 Li H Huang J Liu XP Zhou RQ Ding XF Xiang QY Zhang LQ Wu CD. Characterization of Interphase Microbial Community in Luzhou-Flavored liquor manufacturing pits of various ages by polyphasic detection methods . J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2016 Oct 6 ; 27 ( 1 ): 130 – 140 . https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1605.05036 10.4014/jmb.1605.0503627713211 Search in Google Scholar

Liu CL, Huang D, Liu LY, Zhang J, Deng Y, Chen L, Zhang WX, Wu ZY, Fan A, Lai DY, Dai LR. Clostridium swellfunianum sp. nov., a novel anaerobic bacterium isolated from the pit mud of Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 2014 May 31;106(4):817–825. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-014-0251-z Liu CL Huang D Liu LY Zhang J Deng Y Chen L Zhang WX Wu ZY Fan A Lai DY Dai LR. Clostridium swellfunianum sp. nov., a novel anaerobic bacterium isolated from the pit mud of Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production . Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 2014 May 31 ; 106 ( 4 ): 817 – 825 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-014-0251-z 10.1007/s10482-014-0251-z25103947 Search in Google Scholar

Liu HL, Sun BG. Effect of fermentation processing on the flavor of Baijiu. J Agric Food Chem. 2018 May 11;66(22):5425–5432. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00692 Liu HL Sun BG. Effect of fermentation processing on the flavor of Baijiu . J Agric Food Chem. 2018 May 11 ; 66 ( 22 ): 5425 – 5432 . https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00692 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b0069229751730 Search in Google Scholar

Liu MK, Tang YM, Guo XJ, Zhao K, Tian XH, Liu Y, Yao WC, Deng B, Ren DQ, Zhang XP. Deep sequencing reveals high bacterial diversity and phylogenetic novelty in pit mud from Luzhou Laojiao cellars for Chinese strong-flavor Baijiu. Food Res Int. 2017 Dec;102:68–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.075 Liu MK Tang YM Guo XJ Zhao K Tian XH Liu Y Yao WC Deng B Ren DQ Zhang XP. Deep sequencing reveals high bacterial diversity and phylogenetic novelty in pit mud from Luzhou Laojiao cellars for Chinese strong-flavor Baijiu . Food Res Int. 2017 Dec ; 102 : 68 – 76 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.075 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.07529196000 Search in Google Scholar

Liu MK, Tang YM, Zhao K, Liu Y, Guo XJ, Ren DQ, Yao WC, Tian XH, Gu YF, Yi B, Zhang XP. Determination of the fungal community of pit mud in fermentation cellars for Chinese strong-flavor liquor, using DGGE and Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Food Res Int. 2017 Jan;91:80–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2016.11.037 Liu MK Tang YM Zhao K Liu Y Guo XJ Ren DQ Yao WC Tian XH Gu YF Yi B Zhang XP. Determination of the fungal community of pit mud in fermentation cellars for Chinese strong-flavor liquor, using DGGE and Illumina MiSeq sequencing . Food Res Int. 2017 Jan ; 91 : 80 – 87 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2016.11.037 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.11.03728290330 Search in Google Scholar

Liu MK, Tang YM, Zhao K, Liu Y, Guo XJ, Tian XH, Ren DQ, Yao WC. Contrasting bacterial community structure in artificial pit mud-starter cultures of different qualities: a complex biological mixture for Chinese strong-flavor Baijiu production. 3 Biotech. 2019 Feb 18;9(3):89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-019-1622-y Liu MK Tang YM Zhao K Liu Y Guo XJ Tian XH Ren DQ Yao WC. Contrasting bacterial community structure in artificial pit mud-starter cultures of different qualities: a complex biological mixture for Chinese strong-flavor Baijiu production . 3 Biotech. 2019 Feb 18 ; 9 ( 3 ): 89 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-019-1622-y 10.1007/s13205-019-1622-y638507230800600 Search in Google Scholar

Logan NA, Vos PD. Bacillus. In: Whitman WB, Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M, Chun J, DeVos P, Hedlund B, Dedysh S, editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Hoboken (USA): John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust. 2015; p. 1–163. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00530 Logan NA Vos PD. Bacillus . In: Whitman WB Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M Chun J DeVos P Hedlund B Dedysh S , editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria . Hoboken (USA) : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust . 2015 ; p. 1 – 163 . https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00530 10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00530 Search in Google Scholar

Luo QC, Liu CL, Wu ZY, Wang HY, Li WF, Zhang KZ, Huang D, Zhang J, Zhang WX. Monitoring of the prokaryotic diversity in pit mud from a Luzhou-flavour liquor distillery and evaluation of two predominant archaea using qPCR assays. J Inst Brew. 2014 Apr 15;120(3):253–261. https://doi.org/10.1002/jib.132 Luo QC Liu CL Wu ZY Wang HY Li WF Zhang KZ Huang D Zhang J Zhang WX. Monitoring of the prokaryotic diversity in pit mud from a Luzhou-flavour liquor distillery and evaluation of two predominant archaea using qPCR assays . J Inst Brew. 2014 Apr 15 ; 120 ( 3 ): 253 – 261 . https://doi.org/10.1002/jib.132 10.1002/jib.132 Search in Google Scholar

Mehlich A. Photometric determination of humic matter in soils, a proposed method. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal. 1984;15(12): 1417–1422. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103628409367569 Mehlich A. Photometric determination of humic matter in soils, a proposed method . Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal. 1984 ; 15 ( 12 ): 1417 – 1422 . https://doi.org/10.1080/00103628409367569 10.1080/00103628409367569 Search in Google Scholar

Moore-Kucera J, Dick RP. PLFA profiling of microbial community structure and seasonal shifts in soils of a Douglas-fir chronosequence. Microb Ecol. 2007 Aug 31;55(3):500–511. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-007-9295-1 Moore-Kucera J Dick RP. PLFA profiling of microbial community structure and seasonal shifts in soils of a Douglas-fir chronosequence . Microb Ecol. 2007 Aug 31 ; 55 ( 3 ): 500 – 511 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-007-9295-1 10.1007/s00248-007-9295-117786504 Search in Google Scholar

O’Leary MH. Carbon isotopes in photosynthesis. Bioscience. 1988 May;38(5):328–336. https://doi.org/10.2307/1310735 O’Leary MH. Carbon isotopes in photosynthesis . Bioscience. 1988 May ; 38 ( 5 ): 328 – 336 . https://doi.org/10.2307/1310735 10.2307/1310735 Search in Google Scholar

Ovreås L, Forney L, Daae FL, Torsvik V. Distribution of bacterioplankton in meromictic Lake Saelenvannet, as determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of PCR-amplified gene fragments coding for 16S rRNA. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997 Sep;63(9):3367. Ovreås L Forney L Daae FL Torsvik V. Distribution of bacterioplankton in meromictic Lake Saelenvannet, as determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of PCR-amplified gene fragments coding for 16S rRNA . Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997 Sep ; 63 ( 9 ): 3367 . 10.1128/aem.63.9.3367-3373.19971686429292986 Search in Google Scholar

Quast C, Pruesse E, Yilmaz P, Gerken J, Schweer T, Yarza P, Peplies J, Glöckner FO. The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013 Jan 1;41(D1):D590–D596. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks1219 Quast C Pruesse E Yilmaz P Gerken J Schweer T Yarza P Peplies J Glöckner FO. The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools . Nucleic Acids Res. 2013 Jan 1 ; 41 ( D1 ): D590 – D596 . https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks1219 10.1093/nar/gks1219353111223193283 Search in Google Scholar

Rainey FA, Hollen BJ, Small AM. Clostridium. In: Whitman WB, Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M, Chun J, DeVos P, Hedlund B, Dedysh S, editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Hoboken (USA): John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust. 2015; p. 1–122. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00619 Rainey FA Hollen BJ Small AM. Clostridium . In: Whitman WB Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M Chun J DeVos P Hedlund B Dedysh S , editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria . Hoboken (USA) : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust . 2015 ; p. 1 – 122 . https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00619 10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00619 Search in Google Scholar

Rozendal RA, Hamelers HVM, Euverink GJW, Metz SJ, Buisman CJN. Principle and perspectives of hydrogen production through biocatalyzed electrolysis. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2006 Sep;31(12):1632–1640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.12.006 Rozendal RA Hamelers HVM Euverink GJW Metz SJ Buisman CJN. Principle and perspectives of hydrogen production through biocatalyzed electrolysis . Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2006 Sep ; 31 ( 12 ): 1632 – 1640 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.12.006 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.12.006 Search in Google Scholar

Sánchez O, Gasol JM, Massana R, Mas J, Pedrós-Alió C. Comparison of different Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis primer sets for the study of marine bacterioplankton communities. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007 Sep 11;73(18):5962. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00817-07 Sánchez O Gasol JM Massana R Mas J Pedrós-Alió C. Comparison of different Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis primer sets for the study of marine bacterioplankton communities . Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007 Sep 11 ; 73 ( 18 ): 5962 . https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00817-07 10.1128/AEM.00817-07207490117660308 Search in Google Scholar

Sekiguchi Y. Syntrophomonas. In: Whitman WB, Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M, Chun J, DeVos P, Hedlund B, Dedysh S, editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Hoboken (USA): John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust. 2015; p. 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00682 Sekiguchi Y. Syntrophomonas . In: Whitman WB Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M Chun J DeVos P Hedlund B Dedysh S , editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria . Hoboken (USA) : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust . 2015 ; p. 1 – 11 . https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00682 10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00682 Search in Google Scholar

Stackebrandt E, Schumann P. Cellulomonas. In: Whitman WB, Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M, Chun J, DeVos P, Hedlund B, Dedysh S, editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Hoboken (USA): John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust. 2015; p. 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00063 Stackebrandt E Schumann P. Cellulomonas . In: Whitman WB Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M Chun J DeVos P Hedlund B Dedysh S , editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria . Hoboken (USA) : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust . 2015 ; p. 1 – 14 . https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00063 10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00063 Search in Google Scholar

Sun ZK, Chen C, Hou XG, Zhang J, Tian FS, Li CW. Prokaryotic diversity and biochemical properties in aging artificial pit mud used for the production of Chinese strong flavor liquor. 3 Biotech. 2019 Sep 19;7(5):335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-017-0978-0 Sun ZK Chen C Hou XG Zhang J Tian FS Li CW. Prokaryotic diversity and biochemical properties in aging artificial pit mud used for the production of Chinese strong flavor liquor . 3 Biotech. 2019 Sep 19 ; 7 ( 5 ): 335 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-017-0978-0 10.1007/s13205-017-0978-0 Search in Google Scholar

Tao Y, Li JB, Rui JP, Xu ZC, Zhou Y, Hu XH, Wang X, Liu MH, Li DP, Li XZ. Prokaryotic communities in pit mud from different-aged cellars used for the production of Chinese strong-flavored liquor. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014 Mar 11;80(7):2254. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.04070-13 Tao Y Li JB Rui JP Xu ZC Zhou Y Hu XH Wang X Liu MH Li DP Li XZ. Prokaryotic communities in pit mud from different-aged cellars used for the production of Chinese strong-flavored liquor . Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014 Mar 11 ; 80 ( 7 ): 2254 . https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.04070-13 10.1128/AEM.04070-13 Search in Google Scholar

Tao Y, Wang X, Li XZ, Wei N, Jin H, Xu ZC, Tang QL, Zhu XY. The functional potential and active populations of the pit mud microbiome for the production of Chinese strong-flavour liquor. Microb Biotechnol. 2017 Jul 13;10(6):1603–1615. https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.12729 Tao Y Wang X Li XZ Wei N Jin H Xu ZC Tang QL Zhu XY. The functional potential and active populations of the pit mud microbiome for the production of Chinese strong-flavour liquor . Microb Biotechnol. 2017 Jul 13 ; 10 ( 6 ): 1603 – 1615 . https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.12729 10.1111/1751-7915.12729 Search in Google Scholar

Torsvik V, Øvreås L. Microbial diversity and function in soil: from genes to ecosystems. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2002 Jun 1;5(3):240–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-5274(02)00324-7 Torsvik V Øvreås L. Microbial diversity and function in soil: from genes to ecosystems . Curr Opin Microbiol. 2002 Jun 1 ; 5 ( 3 ): 240 – 245 . https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-5274(02)00324-7 10.1016/S1369-5274(02)00324-7 Search in Google Scholar

Wang J, Fan H, Han Y, Zhao JZ, Zhou ZJ. Characterization of the microbial communities along the gastrointestinal tract of sheep by 454 pyrosequencing analysis. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2017 Jun 30;30(1):100. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.16.0166 Wang J Fan H Han Y Zhao JZ Zhou ZJ. Characterization of the microbial communities along the gastrointestinal tract of sheep by 454 pyrosequencing analysis . Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2017 Jun 30 ; 30 ( 1 ): 100 . https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.16.0166 10.5713/ajas.16.0166520558427383798 Search in Google Scholar

Wang XD, Ban SD, Hu BD, Qiu SY, Zhou HX. Bacterial diversity of Moutai-flavour Daqu based on high-throughput sequencing method. J Inst Brew. 2017 Mar 28;123(1):138–143. https://doi.org/10.1002/jib.391 Wang XD Ban SD Hu BD Qiu SY Zhou HX. Bacterial diversity of Moutai-flavour Daqu based on high-throughput sequencing method . J Inst Brew. 2017 Mar 28 ; 123 ( 1 ): 138 – 143 . https://doi.org/10.1002/jib.391 10.1002/jib.391 Search in Google Scholar

Wang XS, Du H, Xu Y. Source tracking of prokaryotic communities in fermented grain of Chinese strong-flavor liquor. Int J Food Microbiol. 2017 Mar 6;244:27–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.12.018 Wang XS Du H Xu Y. Source tracking of prokaryotic communities in fermented grain of Chinese strong-flavor liquor . Int J Food Microbiol. 2017 Mar 6 ; 244 : 27 – 35 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.12.018 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.12.01828064120 Search in Google Scholar

Wherry ET. Soil acidity and a field method for its measurement. Ecology. 1920 Jul;1(3):160–173. https://doi.org/10.2307/1929133 Wherry ET. Soil acidity and a field method for its measurement . Ecology. 1920 Jul ; 1 ( 3 ): 160 – 173 . https://doi.org/10.2307/1929133 10.2307/1929133 Search in Google Scholar

Whitman WB, Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M, Chun J, DeVos P, Hedlund B, Dedysh S. Petrimonas. In: Whitman WB, Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M, Chun J, DeVos P, Hedlund B, Dedysh S, editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Hoboken (USA): John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust. 2015a; p. 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00245 Whitman WB Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M Chun J DeVos P Hedlund B Dedysh S. Petrimonas . In: Whitman WB Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M Chun J DeVos P Hedlund B Dedysh S , editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria . Hoboken (USA) : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust . 2015a ; p. 1 – 2 . https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00245 10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00245 Search in Google Scholar

Whitman WB, Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M, Chun J, DeVos P, Hedlund B, Dedysh S. Proteiniphilum. In: Whitman WB, Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M, Chun J, DeVos P, Hedlund B, Dedysh S, editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Hoboken (USA): John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust. 2015b; p. 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00247 Whitman WB Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M Chun J DeVos P Hedlund B Dedysh S. Proteiniphilum . In: Whitman WB Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M Chun J DeVos P Hedlund B Dedysh S , editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria . Hoboken (USA) : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust . 2015b ; p. 1 – 2 . https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00247 10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00247 Search in Google Scholar

Wu ZY, He F, Qin D, Li HH, Sun JY, Sun XT, Sun BG. Determination of phenolic compounds in alcoholic fermentation materials and spent grains by ultrasound-assisted alkali alcohol extraction coupled with HPLC. Anal Methods. 2019 Sep 27;11(42): 5366–5375. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9AY01739A Wu ZY He F Qin D Li HH Sun JY Sun XT Sun BG. Determination of phenolic compounds in alcoholic fermentation materials and spent grains by ultrasound-assisted alkali alcohol extraction coupled with HPLC . Anal Methods. 2019 Sep 27 ; 11 ( 42 ): 5366 – 5375 . https://doi.org/10.1039/C9AY01739A 10.1039/C9AY01739A Search in Google Scholar

Xu ML, Yu Y, Ramaswamy HS, Zhu SM. Characterization of Chinese liquor aroma components during aging process and liquor age discrimination using gas chromatography combined with multivariable statistics. Sci Rep. 2017 Jan 6;7:39671. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39671 Xu ML Yu Y Ramaswamy HS Zhu SM. Characterization of Chinese liquor aroma components during aging process and liquor age discrimination using gas chromatography combined with multivariable statistics . Sci Rep. 2017 Jan 6 ; 7 : 39671 . https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39671 10.1038/srep39671521636428059090 Search in Google Scholar

Yamada T, Sekiguchi Y. Anaerolineaceae. In: Whitman WB, Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M, Chun J, DeVos P, Hedlund B, Dedysh S, editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Hoboken (USA): John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust. 2020; p. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.fbm00301 Yamada T Sekiguchi Y. Anaerolineaceae . In: Whitman WB Rainey F. Kämpfer P. Trujillo M Chun J DeVos P Hedlund B Dedysh S , editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria . Hoboken (USA) : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust . 2020 ; p. 1 – 5 . https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.fbm00301 10.1002/9781118960608.fbm00301 Search in Google Scholar

Yao F, Yi B, Shen CH, Tao F, Liu YM, Lin ZX, Xu P. Chemical analysis of the Chinese liquor Luzhoulaojiao by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Sci Rep. 2015 Apr 10;5:9553. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09553 Yao F Yi B Shen CH Tao F Liu YM Lin ZX Xu P. Chemical analysis of the Chinese liquor Luzhoulaojiao by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry . Sci Rep. 2015 Apr 10 ; 5 : 9553 . https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09553 10.1038/srep09553439250625857434 Search in Google Scholar

Yin Q, Tao Y, Zhu XY, Zhou Y, He XH, Cheng L, Huang Y, Li DP. Clostridium liquoris sp. nov., isolated from a fermentation pit used for the production of Chinese strong-flavoured liquor. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2016 Feb 1;66(2):749–754. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.000787 Yin Q Tao Y Zhu XY Zhou Y He XH Cheng L Huang Y Li DP. Clostridium liquoris sp. nov., isolated from a fermentation pit used for the production of Chinese strong-flavoured liquor . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2016 Feb 1 ; 66 ( 2 ): 749 – 754 . https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.000787 10.1099/ijsem.0.00078726597830 Search in Google Scholar

Zhang QY, Yuan YJ, Liao ZM, Zhang WX. Use of microbial indicators combined with environmental factors coupled with metrology tools for discrimination and classification of Luzhou-flavoured pit muds. J Appl Microbiol. 2017 Jul 23;123(4):933–943. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.13544 Zhang QY Yuan YJ Liao ZM Zhang WX. Use of microbial indicators combined with environmental factors coupled with metrology tools for discrimination and classification of Luzhou-flavoured pit muds . J Appl Microbiol. 2017 Jul 23 ; 123 ( 4 ): 933 – 943 . https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.13544 10.1111/jam.1354428736977 Search in Google Scholar

Zhao DR, Jiang YS, Sun JY, Li HH, Luo XL, Zhao MM. Antiinflammatory mechanism involved in 4-ethylguaiacol-mediated inhibition of LPS-induced inflammation in THP-1 cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Jan 7;67(4):1230–1243. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06263 Zhao DR Jiang YS Sun JY Li HH Luo XL Zhao MM. Antiinflammatory mechanism involved in 4-ethylguaiacol-mediated inhibition of LPS-induced inflammation in THP-1 cells . J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Jan 7 ; 67 ( 4 ): 1230 – 1243 . https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06263 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b0626330614688 Search in Google Scholar

Zhao DR, Shi DM, Sun JY, Li AJ, Sun BG, Zhao MM, Chen F, Sun XT, Li HH, Huang MQ, Zheng F. Characterization of key aroma compounds in Gujinggong Chinese Baijiu by gas chromatography – olfactometry, quantitative measurements, and sensory evaluation. Food Res Int. 2018 Mar;105:616–627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.074 Zhao DR Shi DM Sun JY Li AJ Sun BG Zhao MM Chen F Sun XT Li HH Huang MQ Zheng F. Characterization of key aroma compounds in Gujinggong Chinese Baijiu by gas chromatography – olfactometry, quantitative measurements, and sensory evaluation . Food Res Int. 2018 Mar ; 105 : 616 – 627 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.074 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.07429433255 Search in Google Scholar

Zhao JS, Zheng J, Zhou RQ, Shi B. Microbial community structure of pit mud in a Chinese strong aromatic liquor fermentation pit. J Inst Brew. 2012 Jan 28;118(4):356–360. https://doi.org/10.1002/jib.52 Zhao JS Zheng J Zhou RQ Shi B. Microbial community structure of pit mud in a Chinese strong aromatic liquor fermentation pit . J Inst Brew. 2012 Jan 28 ; 118 ( 4 ): 356 – 360 . https://doi.org/10.1002/jib.52 10.1002/jib.52 Search in Google Scholar

Zheng J, Liang R, Zhang LQ, Wu CD, Zhou RQ, Liao XP. Characterization of microbial communities in strong aromatic liquor fermentation pit muds of different ages assessed by combined DGGE and PLFA analyses. Food Res Int. 2013 Nov;54(1):660–666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2013.07.058 Zheng J Liang R Zhang LQ Wu CD Zhou RQ Liao XP. Characterization of microbial communities in strong aromatic liquor fermentation pit muds of different ages assessed by combined DGGE and PLFA analyses . Food Res Int. 2013 Nov ; 54 ( 1 ): 660 – 666 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2013.07.058 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.07.058 Search in Google Scholar

Zheng Q, Lin BR, Wang YB, Zhang QP, He XX, Yang P, Zhou J, Guan X, Huang XH. Proteomic and high-throughput analysis of protein expression and microbial diversity of microbes from 30- and 300-year pit muds of Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor. Food Res Int. 2015 Sep;75:305–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2015.06.029 Zheng Q Lin BR Wang YB Zhang QP He XX Yang P Zhou J Guan X Huang XH. Proteomic and high-throughput analysis of protein expression and microbial diversity of microbes from 30- and 300-year pit muds of Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor . Food Res Int. 2015 Sep ; 75 : 305 – 314 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2015.06.029 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.06.02928454961 Search in Google Scholar