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First evidence of otolith abnormalities in Belone belone from the Sea of Marmara: An integrative approach to morphological deformities with light and scanning electron microscopy

Derya Bostancı

Derya Bostancı

Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ordu UniversityOrdu, Türkiye
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Bostancı, Derya
 y 
Serdar Yedier

Serdar Yedier

Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ordu UniversityOrdu, Türkiye
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Yedier, Serdar
  
19 sept 2025
First evidence of otolith abnormalities in Belone belone from the Sea of Marmara: An integrative approach to morphological deformities with light and scanning electron microscopy's Cover Image
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Categoría del artículo: Original Research Paper
Publicado en línea: 19 sept 2025
Páginas: 227 - 247
Recibido: 23 jun 2025
Aceptado: 31 jul 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26881/oahs-2025.1.18
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© 2025 Derya Bostancı et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Sampling area from the Darıca coast in the Sea of Marmara (Türkiye).
Sampling area from the Darıca coast in the Sea of Marmara (Türkiye).

Figure 2

Otolith morphometric and morphological characteristics of Belone belone.
Otolith morphometric and morphological characteristics of Belone belone.

Figure 3

Light microscope images of the lateral surfaces of the normal left (A) and right (B) otoliths and SEM images of the lateral surfaces of the normal left (C) and right (D) otoliths of the 38.1 cm TL female Belone belone of a specimen from the Darıca coast in Sea of Marmara, Türkiye. A: Anterior; P: Posterior; V: Ventral; D: Dorsal. Purple Arrows: canal. SEM, scanning electron microscopy; TL, total length.
Light microscope images of the lateral surfaces of the normal left (A) and right (B) otoliths and SEM images of the lateral surfaces of the normal left (C) and right (D) otoliths of the 38.1 cm TL female Belone belone of a specimen from the Darıca coast in Sea of Marmara, Türkiye. A: Anterior; P: Posterior; V: Ventral; D: Dorsal. Purple Arrows: canal. SEM, scanning electron microscopy; TL, total length.

Figure 4

Light microscope images of the lateral surfaces of the left (A) and the right (B) otoliths and SEM images of the lateral surfaces of the left (C) and the right (D) otoliths of the 25.9 cm TL male Belone belone specimen from the Darıca coast in the Sea of Marmara, Türkiye. Arrows indicate for Yellow: aragonite part, Green vaterite part, Red: depressions, Blue: protrusions, and Pink: fragment losses, D: Dorsal; V: Ventral; P: Posterior; A: Anterior. SEM, scanning electron microscopy; TL, total length.
Light microscope images of the lateral surfaces of the left (A) and the right (B) otoliths and SEM images of the lateral surfaces of the left (C) and the right (D) otoliths of the 25.9 cm TL male Belone belone specimen from the Darıca coast in the Sea of Marmara, Türkiye. Arrows indicate for Yellow: aragonite part, Green vaterite part, Red: depressions, Blue: protrusions, and Pink: fragment losses, D: Dorsal; V: Ventral; P: Posterior; A: Anterior. SEM, scanning electron microscopy; TL, total length.

Figure 5

Light microscope images of the lateral surfaces of the left (A) and the right (B) otoliths and SEM images of the lateral surfaces of the left (C) and the right (D) otoliths of the 39.8 cm TL female Belone belone specimen from the Darıca coast in the Sea of Marmara, Türkiye. Arrows indicate for Yellow: aragonite part, Green vaterite part, Red: depressions, Blue: protrusions, and Pink: fragment losses, D: Dorsal; V: Ventral; P: Posterior; A: Anterior. SEM, scanning electron microscopy; TL, total length.
Light microscope images of the lateral surfaces of the left (A) and the right (B) otoliths and SEM images of the lateral surfaces of the left (C) and the right (D) otoliths of the 39.8 cm TL female Belone belone specimen from the Darıca coast in the Sea of Marmara, Türkiye. Arrows indicate for Yellow: aragonite part, Green vaterite part, Red: depressions, Blue: protrusions, and Pink: fragment losses, D: Dorsal; V: Ventral; P: Posterior; A: Anterior. SEM, scanning electron microscopy; TL, total length.

Figure 6

Light microscope images of the lateral surfaces of the left (A) and the right (B) otoliths and SEM images of the lateral surfaces of the left (C) and the right (D) otoliths of the 39.0 cm TL female Belone belone specimen from the Darıca coast in Sea of Marmara, Türkiye. Arrows indicate for Yellow: aragonite part, Green vaterite part, Red: depressions, Blue: protrusions, D: Dorsal; V: Ventral; P: Posterior; A: Anterior. SEM, scanning electron microscopy; TL, total length.
Light microscope images of the lateral surfaces of the left (A) and the right (B) otoliths and SEM images of the lateral surfaces of the left (C) and the right (D) otoliths of the 39.0 cm TL female Belone belone specimen from the Darıca coast in Sea of Marmara, Türkiye. Arrows indicate for Yellow: aragonite part, Green vaterite part, Red: depressions, Blue: protrusions, D: Dorsal; V: Ventral; P: Posterior; A: Anterior. SEM, scanning electron microscopy; TL, total length.

Figure 7

Light microscope images of the lateral surfaces of the left (A) and the right (B) otoliths and SEM images of the lateral surfaces of the left (C) and the right (D) otoliths of the 44.2 cm TL male Belone belone specimen from the Darıca coast in the Sea of Marmara, Türkiye. Arrows indicate for Yellow: aragonite part, Green vaterite part, Red: depressions, Blue: protrusions, and Pink: fragment losses, D: Dorsal; V: Ventral; P: Posterior; A: Anterior. SEM, scanning electron microscopy; TL, total length.
Light microscope images of the lateral surfaces of the left (A) and the right (B) otoliths and SEM images of the lateral surfaces of the left (C) and the right (D) otoliths of the 44.2 cm TL male Belone belone specimen from the Darıca coast in the Sea of Marmara, Türkiye. Arrows indicate for Yellow: aragonite part, Green vaterite part, Red: depressions, Blue: protrusions, and Pink: fragment losses, D: Dorsal; V: Ventral; P: Posterior; A: Anterior. SEM, scanning electron microscopy; TL, total length.

Basic measurements of Belone belone samples collected from the Darıca coast (Sea of Marmara, Türkiye) and comparisons of their abnormal and normal otolith morphometric data

W (g) TL (cm) Sex Side Otolith Weight (g) Otolith Area (mm2) Otolith Perimeter (mm) Otolith Length (mm) Otolith Width (mm)
Abnormal Samples 19.2 25.9 ♂ Left 0.0016 3.2019 8.0820 2.7729 1.6094
Right 0.0019 2.9783 7.2769 2.7036 1.5305
69.4 39.0 ♀ Left 0.0033 5.4039 11.1767 3.8532 2.1196
Right 0.0037 5.2827 10.8174 3.9054 1.9942
69.6 39.8 ♀ Left 0.0050 6.3525 12.3690 4.1205 2.2615
Right 0.0052 5.6110 11.3466 3.9115 2.1118
115.8 44.2 ♂ Left 0.0084 7.6115 12.4390 4.2390 2.4191
Right 0.0079 7.6756 12.5602 4.3766 2.3989
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