Investigation of asymmetry in some morphological characteristics of two freshwater fishes from Iraq

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Squared coefficient asymmetry (CV2a) values and character means (Xr + l) for the Cyprinus carpio and Leuciscus vorax taken from Al-Tharthar Lake and the Tigris River at Al-Zubaidiyah in Iraq_

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Cyprinus carpio
CV2a	87.732	86.512	76.143	77.891	73.482	80.711	84.250	79.127	70.156	69.971
N	250	250	250	250	250	250	250	250	250	250
Character mean	19.5	23.4	27.3	100.1	57.2	58.5	33.3	15.4	8.3	20.6
(Xr + l) (SD)	(0.453)	(0.487)	(0.554)	(0.641)	(0.553)	(0.217)	(0.762)	(0.664)	(0.442)	(0.571)
% of individuals with asymmetry	92	90	82	83	80	87	88	85	78	75
Leuciscus vorax
CV2a	93.728	92.619	89.912	81.561	79.981	89.135	90.512	84.482	78.171	76.781
N	220	220	220	220	220	220	220	220	220	220
Character mean	24.7	14.3	36.4	106.4	39	58.5	96.3	17.5	8.7	12.3
(Xr + l) (SD)	(0.832)	(0.631)	(0.552)	(0.332)	(0.455)	(0.621)	(0.764)	(0.553)	(0.641)	(0.723)
% of individuals with asymmetry	97	95	91	86	84	90	93	88	82	80

Squared coefficient of variation (CV2a) measurements and character means (Xr + l) by size class for Cyprinus carpio and Leuciscus vorax obtained from the Tigris River at AL-Zubaidiyah and Al-Tharthar Lake in Iraq_

Fish total length group	CV2a	N	Character mean (Xr + l) (SD)	% of individuals with asymmetry	Fish total length group	CV2a	N	Character mean (Xr + l) (SD)	% of individuals with asymmetry
Cyprinus carpio					Leuciscus vorax
SnL					SnL
100–150	85.3	100	18.9	76	100–150	92.0	105	24.5	56
151–200	86.9	110	18.7	79	151–200	92.5	80	23.9	63
201–250	87.7	40	18.8	82	201–250	93.7	35	24.4	87
ED					ED
100–150	81.5	100	23.3	56	100–150	90.5	105	14.2	73
151–200	84.2	110	22.9	61	151–200	91.8	80	14.1	81
201–250	86.3	40	22.8	87	201–250	92.4	35	13.9	96
LUJ					LUJ
100–150	71.9	100	27.5	76	100–150	88.7	105	36.3	92
151–200	74.5	110	26.4	87	151–200	89.0	80	35.9	96
201–250	76.2	40	26.8	99	201–250	89.3	35	35.8	99
HL					HL
100–150	73.8	100	100.5	75	100–150	80.9	105	106.3	76
151–200	75.6	110	99.87	78	151–200	81.3	80	105.9	79
201–250	77.3	40	99.91	82	201–250	81.4	35	106.1	83
CPD					CPD
100–150	70.8	100	57.1	78	100–150	79.0	105	38.9	56
151–200	71.7	110	56.9	79	151–200	79.3	80	38.8	59
201–250	73.5	40	56.8	82	201–250	79.8	35	38.7	67
CPL					CPL
100–150	79.1	100	58.4	83	100–150	88.5	105	58.4	42
151–200	79.4	110	57.9	86	151–200	88.9	80	57.9	65
201–250	80.5	40	57.7	89	201–250	89.0	35	58.1	78
Number of the LLS					Number of the LLS
100–150	81.2	100	33.1	75	100–150	89.9	105	96.2	72
151–200	81.9	110	32.9	88	151–200	90.0	80	95.9	78
201–250	84.3	40	33.5	94	201–250	90.4	35	96.4	81
Number of the PFR					Number of the PFR
100–150	78.8	100	15.3	78	100–150	83.8	105	17.4	81
151–200	79.0	110	15.7	88	151–200	84.0	80	16.9	86
201–250	79.2	40	14.9	96	201–250	84.3	35	17.3	90
Number of the VFR					Number of the VFR
100–150	69.8	100	8.5	90	100–150	77.5	105	8.6	65
151–200	70.1	110	8.3	93	151–200	77.8	80	8.5	69
201–250	70.4	40	8.1	97	201–250	78.0	35	7.9	79
NGR					NGR
100–150	68.7	100	20.7	76	100–150	77.0	105	12.2	88
151–200	69.0	110	19.9	78	151–200	77.2	80	11.9	89
201–250	69.3	40	20.5	86	201–250	77.6	35	12.1	95

Comparing the asymmetry coefficients (CV2a) for the nine morphologic features of Cyprinus carpio and Leuciscus vorax obtained from the Tigris River at Al-Zubaidiyah and the Al-Tharthar Lake in Iraq in the present study with those of other fish species from other areas_

Coefficient of asymmetry (CV2a)
Species	1	2	3	4	7	8	9	10	Reference
Labeo dero	-	-	-	-	35.7–42.6	40.0–49.0	2.0–5.7	-	Sinha and Tilak (1968)
Heteropneustes fossilis	95.8	-	-	-	-	87.2	-	-	Al-Hassan et al. (1990)
Mystus pelusius	79.2	-	-	-	-	57.8	-	-	Al-Hassan and Hassan (1994)
Planiliza abu	48.9	-	-	-	-	32.1	-	45.2	Jawad (2004)
Sarotherodon melanotheron	6.2–44.0	8.43–90.1	-	-	6.7–81.8	-	-	-	Jawad et al. (2016)
Coptodon guineensis	5.3–77.2	4.6–91.4	-	57.9–58.4	5.8–48.7	58.6–59.7	-	-	Jawad et al. (2016)
Chrysichthys auratus	59.3–61.3	55.7–60.4		59.6–62.8		58.9–62.1			Jawad and Gnohossou (2019)
Mugil cephalus	58.2–62.2	58.1–59.6	-	57.9–58.4	-	58.6–59.7	-	-	Jawad and Gnohossou (2019)
Silurus triostegus	119.9	123.4	120.3	112.2	-	-	-	-	Jawad et al. (2020)
Heteropneustes fossilis	75.2–94.3	44.2–44.9	33.3–39.4	45.2–48.6	-	-	-	-	Jawad and Abed (2021)
Barbus escherichii	17.8	20.1	19.2	-	19.5	19.1		19.6	Jawad et al. (2023a, 2023b)
B. ida	19.9	17.5	19.1	-	19.1	-	-	19.0	Jawad et al. (2023a, 2023b)
B. niluferensis	20.3	20.1	19.2	-	19.5	19.1	-	19.6	Jawad et al. (2023a, 2023b)
B. oligolepis	20.4	19.2	19.1	-	18.9	19.2	-	19.0	Jawad et al. (2023a, 2023b)
B. pergammonensis	16.2	16.9	15.5	-	15.0	15.2	-	15.2	Jawad et al. (2023a, 2023b)
B. xanthos	29.4	29.6	28.9	-	28.7	28.7	-	28.9	Jawad et al. (2023a, 2023b)