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Neutralising the practice of digital piracy – a case of Poland

Jakub Marcinkowski

Jakub Marcinkowski

Wroclaw University of Economics and BusinessWroclaw, Poland
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Marcinkowski, Jakub
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Sławomir Czetwertyński

Sławomir Czetwertyński

Wroclaw University of Economics and BusinessWroclaw, Poland
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Czetwertyński, Sławomir
, 
Małgorzata Markowska

Małgorzata Markowska

Wroclaw University of Economics and BusinessWroclaw, Poland
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Markowska, Małgorzata
 y 
Andrzej Sokołowski

Andrzej Sokołowski

Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski University in CracowCracow, Poland
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Sokołowski, Andrzej
  
31 ene 2025
Neutralising the practice of digital piracy – a case of Poland's Cover Image
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Publicado en línea: 31 ene 2025
Páginas: 37 - 57
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/wrlae-2024-0006
Palabras clave
© 2024 Jakub Marcinkowski et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Factor loadings

Factors 5 of 45
Variable symbols Variables First Factor Second Factor Third Factor Fourth Factor Fifth Factor
V1: How would you rate your level of knowledge of copyright law? −0.055 −0.581 −0.096 0.104 0.008
V2: I can tell when the copyright is infringed, but it does not lead to criminal consequences. 0.027 0.818 0.038 0.031 −0.019
V3: I know when copying copyrighted works is illegal. 0.000 0.761 0.071 0.072 −0.104
V4: I can tell which content on the internet should be considered “pirated” (i.e. violating the copyright law in some way). 0.069 0.739 0.079 −0.015 −0.070
V5: I know when I can allow other people to copy works from me. −0.041 0.791 0.066 0.059 −0.015
V6: I can tell when I can copy works legally, even though they are copyrighted. −0.029 0.798 −0.012 0.034 −0.030
V7: Would you let a friend copy from you?
V7.1: Music files you own: Certainly yes 0.118 −0.058 −0.061 −0.006 0.844
V7.2: Movie files you own: Certainly yes 0.098 −0.051 −0.041 −0.016 0.857
V7.3: Books (also electronic and audiobooks) you have purchased: Certainly yes 0.099 −0.036 −0.055 0.039 0.796
V7.4: Books you have borrowed: Certainly yes 0.064 −0.102 −0.028 −0.117 0.712
V8: Do you happen to obtain virtual products from unauthorised (colloquially “pirated”) sources?
V8.1: Yes 0.919 −0.001 0.053 0.050 0.068
V8.2: No; I don’t know −0.596 0.096 0.637 0.086 −0.111
V9: Why do you obtain virtual products from unauthorised (colloquially “pirated”) sources?
V9.1: Because everyone is doing it. 0.478 0.004 0.040 −0.059 0.018
V9.2: Because I don’t have to pay for virtual products. 0.623 0.025 0.018 0.023 0.045
V9.3: Because this is the only way to get the virtual product that I am interested in. 0.690 0.070 0.040 0.035 0.042
V9.4: Because I can obtain the virtual product immediately from unauthorised sources. 0.604 0.007 0.029 0.008 0.028
V9.5: Because I can do it with impunity. 0.271 0.007 0.007 0.001 0.010
V9.6: Because it is simply convenient. 0.598 −0.027 0.052 0.014 0.057
V9.7: Other: 0.065 −0.039 −0.012 0.028 0.053
V10: Which platform do you use to access unauthorised virtual products (movies, music, e-books, or audiobooks)?
V10.1: YouTube 0.863 0.007 0.062 0.041 0.051
V10.2: Cda.pl 0.820 0.013 0.076 0.014 0.068
V10.3: Cda-hd.cc 0.280 0.021 −0.029 0.033 −0.034
V10.4: Chomikuj.pl 0.670 0.019 −0.023 0.094 0.045
V10.5: Zalukaj.cc 0.631 0.092 0.042 −0.029 0.015
V10.6: Seriale.co 0.336 0.036 0.009 −0.012 −0.006
V10.7: Serialeonline.pl 0.315 0.017 0.029 0.008 0.035
V10.8: Vider.info 0.335 −0.004 0.018 0.020 0.011
V10.9: Fileone.tv 0.208 0.033 −0.004 0.007 0.052
V10.10: Other: 0.173 −0.050 0.030 −0.029 0.020
V11: How do you feel about obtaining virtual products, such as films, music, e-books, and audiobooks, from unauthorised sources?
V11.1: I feel bad about that. 0.421 0.063 0.037 −0.017 −0.035
V11.2: I think I committed a criminal act because I broke copyright in some way. 0.376 0.099 0.014 0.001 0.032
V11.3: I think it's not very harmful and nobody gets hurt. 0.631 0.009 0.018 0.002 0.065
V11.4: I believe I have done nothing wrong because copyright is not very important. 0.167 −0.042 −0.002 0.020 0.028
V11.5: I believe I have done nothing wrong because copyright is not a property right over a material thing. 0.244 0.031 0.022 −0.040 0.006
V11.6: I don’t think about it. 0.466 −0.087 0.043 0.068 0.060
V11.7: Other: 0.044 0.080 −0.001 0.013 −0.032
V12: Identify the platforms you happen to use to access virtual products (movies, music, e-books, or audiobooks).
V12.1: YouTube −0.252 −0.114 −0.807 −0.164 0.068
V12.2: Cda.pl −0.210 −0.070 −0.674 −0.296 0.068
V12.3: Cda-hd.cc −0.021 0.110 −0.172 −0.196 −0.001
V12.4: Chomikuj.pl −0.144 −0.071 −0.733 −0.001 0.000
V12.5: Zalukaj.cc −0.124 −0.028 −0.482 −0.392 0.024
V12.6: Seriale.co −0.058 −0.032 −0.186 −0.731 0.040
V12.7: Serialeonline.pl −0.071 −0.059 −0.237 −0.707 0.042
V12.8: Vider.info −0.095 −0.113 −0.295 −0.231 0.042
V12.9: Fileone.tv −0.012 0.064 −0.008 −0.212 −0.012
V12.10 Other: 0.000 −0.029 −0.139 −0.034 −0.069

Distribution of the research sample

Feature Variant n
Sex
female 493
male 507
Age
18 to 24 years 139
25 to 34 years 260
35 to 44 years 241
45 to 54 years 152
55 to 64 years 129
65 and more 79
Education
primary and lower secondary 143
basic vocational 190
secondary education 404
higher education 263
Idioma:
Inglés
Calendario de la edición:
2 veces al año
Temas de la revista:
Derecho, Derecho público, Derecho público, otros
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