[
The Scripture on the Past Vows (Dìzàng púsà běnyuàn jīng 地藏菩薩本願經), CBETA T13, no. 0412.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Record of Śākyamuniʼs Teachings Compiled during the Kaiyuan Period (Kāiyuán shìjiào lù 開元 釋教錄), CBETA T55, no. 2154.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Textual Organisation of the Scripture on the Past Vows (Dizang běnyuan jīng kē wen 地藏本願 經 科文), CBETA B35, no. 0194.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Outline to the Scripture on the Past Vows (Dizang běnyuan jīng kēzhu 地藏本願經科註), CBETA X21, no. 0382.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Source and Origin of the Scripture on the Past Vows (Dizang pusa běnyuan jīnglun guan 地藏菩 薩本願經綸貫), CBETA X21, no. 0383.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Amitābha College. 2021. “Renshi Xueyuan 認識學院 [About the Academy].” Online: ibit.ly/G1gn (accessed: June 22, 2021).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Amitābha Pure Land Society Germany E.V. 2021. “Deguo Jing Zōng Xuehui 德國淨宗學會 [Pure Land Society Germany].” Online: http://mobile.amtb-germany.de/ (accessed: June 22, 2021).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Buddha’s Education Society. 2021. “Fotuo jiaoyu tongxuehui 佛陀教育同學會 [Buddha’s Education Society].” Online: https://bit.ly/3BJxbxC (accessed: June 22, 2021).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hwadzan Pure Land Association. 2012. Guānshiyīn pusa gǎnying lu 觀世音菩薩感應錄 [Records of Sympathetic Response of Guanyin]. Taiběi 臺北: Guanyin Buddhist Learning Society 觀音 佛學會.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hwadzan Pure Land Association. 2013. Foshuō dasheng wuliangshou zhuāngyan qīngjing pingděng juejīng 佛說大乘無量壽莊嚴清淨平等覺經 [Buddha’s Sermon on the Infinite Life Adornment Purity Impartiality and Awakenment Sūtra]. Taiběi 臺北: Huazang Jingzōng Xuehui 華藏淨宗學會.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hwadzan Pure Land Association. 2021a. “Huazang jingzōng honghuawǎng 華藏淨宗弘化網 [Website of Hwadzan Pure Land Association for the Promotion of Buddhism].” Online: https://bit.ly/3k3WGUt (accessed: June 22, 2021).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hwadzan Pure Land Association. 2021b. “Huazang jingzōng xuehui 華藏淨宗學會 [Hwadzan Pure Land Association].” Online: https://bit.ly/3EHlSbc (accessed: June 22, 2021).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Língyán Mountain Temple. 2022. “Xīnjiāpō fǎhui lianxian xianchǎng 新加坡法會連線現場 [Onsite and Online Dharma Ceremony, Singapore].” Facebook, April 3. Online: ibit.ly/CL-S (accessed: April 3, 2022).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lín, Kanzhi林看治. 2015. Nianfo gǎnying jianwen ji 念佛感應見聞記 [Records of Seen and Heard Sympathetic Responses Caused by Buddha Recitation]. Taiběi 臺北: Huazang Jingzōng Xuehui 華藏淨宗學會.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Shì, Jingkōng 釋淨空. 1998. Dizangjīng jiǎngji 地藏經講記 [Lecture Notes to the Dizang Sūtra]. Huazang Jingzōng Xuehui華藏淨宗學會.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Shì, Jingkōng 釋淨空. 2013.“Fāqǐ sānshi xinian fǎhui de yuanqǐ 發起三時繫念法會的緣起 [Origins of the Amitābha Triple Contemplation Service].” Online: https://bit.ly/3q7Nu5g (accessed: June 16, 2021).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Shì, Jingkōng 釋淨空. 2019a. Fu shou kāng ning 富壽康寧 [Wealth, Long Life, Health, Tranquillity]. Taiběi 臺北: Huazang Jingzōng Xuehui 華藏淨宗學會.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Shì, Jingkōng 釋淨空. 2019b. Lun lǐ dao de 倫理道德 [Morality and Ethics]. Taiběi 臺北: Huazang Jingzōng Xuehui 華藏淨宗學會.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Shì, Jingkōng 釋淨空. 2021. “Jingkōng lǎofǎshī zhuānjiwǎng 淨空老法師專集網 [Collections of Master Jingkōng].” Online: https://bit.ly/3CGffFs (accessed: June 22, 2021).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Shì, Wudao 釋悟道. 2020a. “Taiběi lingyan shānsi shuāngxī xiǎozhu huguo xīzāi bǎiqī xinian fǎhui 台北靈巖山寺, 雙溪小築護國息災百七繫念法會 [Amitābha Triple Contemplation Service at Taiběi Lingyan Mountain Temple].” Online: ibit.ly/B4cf (accessed: August 10, 2021).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Shì, Wudao 釋悟道. 2020b. “Wudao fǎshī Taiwān Taoyuan pingzhen puti jingzōng nianfohui gongxiū kāishi 悟道法師台灣桃園平鎮菩提淨宗念佛會共修開示 [Sermon of Master Wudao at Taoyuan Bodhi Pure Land Society].” Online: ibit.ly/NHlu (accessed August 10, 2021).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Shì, Wudao 釋悟道. 2020c. “Wudao Fǎshī Jīngāngjīng Jiǎngyi Jieyao 悟道法師金剛經講義節要 [Essentials of the Lecture Notes on the Diamond Sūtra].” Online: https://bit.ly/3GO8dRA (accessed: August 10, 2021).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Shì, Wudao 釋悟道. 2021. Interview by Stefan Kukowka on May 9.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Shì, Yinguāng 釋印光. 2010a. Yin Guāng Fǎshī Wenchāo (Xia Ce) 印光法師文鈔 (下冊) [Collected Writings of Venerable Yinguāng, volume two]. Taiběi 臺北: Huazang Jingzōng Xuehui 華藏淨宗學會.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Shì, Yinguāng 釋印光. 2010b. Yin Guāng Fǎshī Wenchāo Sānbiān (Xia Ce) 印光法師文鈔三編 (下冊) [Three Compilations of Collected Writings of Venerable Yinguāng, Volume Two]. Taiběi 臺北: Huazang Jingzōng Xuehui 華藏淨宗學會.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Anderson, Benedict R. 2006. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Appadurai, Arjun. 1996. Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Baker, Joseph O., Gerardo Marti, Ruth Braunstein, Andrew L. Withehead, and Grace Yukich. 2020. “Religion in the Age of Social Distancing: How COVID-19 Presents New Directions for Research.” Sociology of Religion: A Quarterly Review, 81 (4), pp. 357–370.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bell, Catherine.1992. Ritual Theory, Ritual Practice. New York: Oxford University Press.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Brasher, Brenda E. 2001. Give Me That Online Religion. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Campbell, Heidi. 2005. “Spiritualising the Internet: Uncovering Discourses and Narratives of Religious Internet Usage.” Online – Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet, 1.1. Online: http://www.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/archiv/5824 (accessed: September 20, 2022).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Campbell, Heidi A. 2010. When Religion Meets New Media. New York: Routledge.10.4324/9780203695371
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Campbell, Heidi A. 2012a. “Understanding the Relationship Between Religion Online and Offline in a Networked Society.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 80 (1), pp. 1–30.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Campbell, Heidi A., ed. 2012b. Digital Religion: Understanding Religious Practice in New Media Worlds. London: Routledge.10.4324/9780203084861
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Casey, Cheryl. 2006. “Virtual Ritual, Real Faith: The Revirtualization of Religious Ritual in Cyberspace.” Online – Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet, 2.1. Online: https://heiup.uni-heidelberg.de/journals/index.php/religions/article/view/377/353 (accessed: September 20, 2022).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Chén, Jiànhuang 陳劍鍠. 2015. Wúshàng fāngbiàn yǔ xiànxing fǎle: mituo jingtǔ yǔ renjiān jingtǔ de zhōubiān guānxi 無上方便與現行法樂: 彌陀淨土與人間淨土的周邊關係 [The Highest Expedient Means and Enacting of Dharma-Joy: The Common Boundary of Amitabha’s Pure Land and the Pure Land in the Human Realm]. Taiběi 臺北: Xiānghǎi Wenhua 香海文化.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Clart, Philip. 2012. “Mediums and the New Media: The Impact of Electronic Publishing on Temple and Moral Economies in Taiwanese Popular Religion.” Journal of Sinological Studies, 3 (1), pp. 127–141.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Connelly, Louise. 2012. “Virtual Buddhism: Buddhist Ritual in Second Life.” In Heidi A. Campbell, ed., Digital Religion: Understanding Religious Practice in New Media Worlds. London: Routledge, pp. 128–135.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Connelly, Louise. 2015. “Toward a Typology and Mapping of the Buddhist Cyberspace.” In Gregory Price Grieve and Daniel M. Veidlinger, eds., Buddhism, the Internet, and Digital Media: The Pixel in the Lotus. New York: Routledge, pp. 58–75.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Frost, Jonathon K. and Norman E. Youngblood. 2014. “Online Religion and Religion Online: Reform Judaism and Web-Based Communication.” Journal of Media and Religion, 13 (2), pp. 49–66.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gjertson, Donald E. 1981. “The Early Chinese Buddhist Miracle Tale: A Preliminary Survey.” Journal of the American Oriental Society, 101 (3), pp. 287–301.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Grant, August E., Amanda F. C. Sturgill, Chiung Hwang Chen, and Daniel A. Stout, eds. 2019. Religion Online: How Digital Technology Is Changing the Way We Worship and Pray, Two Volumes. Santa Barbara: Praeger.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Grieve, Gregory Price and Daniel M. Veidlinger, eds. 2015. Buddhism, the Internet, and Digital Media: The Pixel in the Lotus. New York: Routledge.10.4324/9781315862989
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Helland, Christopher. 2000. “Religion Online/Online Religion and Virtual Communitas.” In Jeffery K. Hadden and Douglas E. Cowan, eds., Religion on the Internet: Research Prospects and Promises. London: JAI Press/Elsevier Science, pp. 205–224.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Helland, Christopher. 2005. “Online Religion as Lived Religion: Methodological Issues in the Study of Religious Participation on the Internet.” Online – Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet, 1.1. Online: http://www.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/archiv/5823 (accessed: September 20, 2022).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Helland, Christopher. 2012. “Ritual.” In Heidi A. Campbell, ed., Digital Religion: Understanding Religious Practice in New Media Worlds. London: Routledge, pp. 25–40.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Heller, Natasha. 2014. “Buddha in a Box: The Materiality of Recitation in Contemporary Chinese Buddhism.” Material Religion, 10 (3), pp. 294–314.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hoover, Stewart. 2006. Religion in the Media Age. Oxon: Routledge.10.4324/9780203503201
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hoover, Stewart and Nabil Echchaibi. 2014. “Media Theory and the ‘Third Spaces of Digital Religion’.” Third Space Blog. Center for Media, Religion, and Culture, University of Colorado, Boulder. Online: ibit.ly/Zfhk (accessed: March 15, 2022).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Huang, Shìh-shan. 2018. “Illustrating the Efficacy of the Diamond Sutra in Vernacular Buddhism.” National Palace Museum Research Quarterly, 35 (4), pp. 35–120.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ji, Zhe. 2018. “Making a Virtue of Piety: Dizigui and the Discursive Practice of Jingkong’s Network.” In Sebastien Billioud, ed., The Varieties of Confucian Experience: Documenting a Grassroots Revival of Tradition. Leiden and Boston: Brill, pp. 61–89.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kiely, Jan. 2017. “The Charismatic Monk and the Chanting Masses: Master Yinguang and His Pure Land Revival Movement.” In David Ownby, Vincent Goossaert, and Zhe Ji, eds., Making Saints in Modern China. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 30–77.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kukowka, Stefan. 2020. “Confucian Family Ethics Intersecting with Pure Land Soteriology: The Discursive Structures of the Lay Education of the Corporation Republic of Hwa Dzan.” Master’s thesis, National Chengchi University, Taiwan.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kukowka, Stefan. 2021. “Confucian Morality and Rebirth into the Pure Land of Amitābha: The Compartmentalist Thoughts of Ven. Jingkong.” Studies in Humanistic Buddhism 人間佛教研 究, 11, pp. 170–223.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Laliberte, Andre. 2017. “Engaging with a Post-totalitarian State: Buddhism Online in China.” In Stefania Travagnin, ed., Religion and Media in China: Insights and Case Studies from the Mainland, Taiwan and Hong Kong. New York: Routledge, pp. 129–150.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Legare, Cristine H. 2021. “Why Rituals Are Important Survival Tools During the COVID-19 Pandemic.” The Conversation, February 1. Online: https://bit.ly/3qePx5t (accessed June 19, 2021).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lǐ, Shùháo 李恕豪. 2012. Jingkōng fǎshī zhuán 淨空法師傳 [Biography of Venerable Jingkong]. Taizhōng 臺中: Taiping Ciguāngsi 太平慈光寺.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
McGuire, Beverly. 2017. “Buddhist Blogs in Mainland China and Taiwan: Discussing Buddhist Approaches to Technology.” In Stefania Travagnin, ed., Religion and Media in China: Insights and Case Studies from the Mainland, Taiwan and Hong Kong. New York: Routledge, pp. 151–166.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
McGuire, Beverly. 2019. “Digital Media and Global Buddhism.” In August E. Grant, Amanda F. C. Sturgill, Chiung Hwang Chen, and Daniel E. Stout, eds., Religion Online: How Digital Technology Is Changing the Way We Worship and Pray. Santa Barbara: Praeger, vol. 2, pp. 232–249.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Meyer, Birgit. 2020. “Religion und Pandemie.” In Bernd Kortmann and Gunther Schulze, eds., Jenseits von Corona: Unsere Welt nach der Pandemie – Perspektiven aus der Wissenschaft. Bielefeld: transcript, pp. 147–156.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Miczek, Nadja. 2008. “Online Rituals in Virtual Worlds: Christian Online Services Between Dynamics and Stability.” Online – Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet, 3.1. Online: https://heiup.uni-heidelberg.de/journals/index.php/religions/article/view/392/367 (accessed: September 20, 2022).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Pacey, Scott. 2017. “Eminence and Edutainment: Xingyun and Daoxin as Television Celebrities.” In Stefania Travagnin, ed., Religion and Media in China: Insights and Case Studies from the Mainland, Taiwan and Hong Kong. New York: Routledge, pp. 71–89.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Scott, Gregory A. 2016. “Absolutely Not a Business: Chinese Buddhist Scriptural Presses and Distributors, 1860s–1930s.” In Daria Berg and Giorgio Strafelle, eds., Kodex: Jahrbuch Der Internationalen Buchwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pp. 67–82.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Shī, Yīzī 施伊姿. 2004. “Sānshi xinian yishi jiqi yu taiwān shijian zhī yanjiū 三時繫念儀式及其 於台灣實踐之研究[A Study of the Amitābha Triple Contemplation Ceremony and its Practice in Taiwan].” Master’s thesis, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Shì, Zhiru. 2007. The Making of A Savior Bodhisattva: Dizang in Medieval China. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Siuda, Piotr. 2021. “Mapping Digital Religion: Exploring the Need for New Typologies.” Religions, 12 (6), pp. 1–14.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sun, Yanfei. 2017. “Jingkong: From Universal Saint to Sectarian Saint.” In David Ownby, Vincent Goossaert, and Ji Zhe, eds., Making Saints in Modern China. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 394–418.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Taiwan Centers for Disease Control. 2021. “COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 Infection).” Online: https://sites.google.com/cdc.gov.tw/2019-ncov/taiwan (accessed: May 5, 2021).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tarocco, Francesca. 2017. “Technologies of Salvation: (Re)Locating Chinese Buddhism in the Digital Age.” Journal of Global Buddhism, 18, pp. 155–175.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tarocco, Francesca. 2019. “Charismatic Communications: The Intimate Publics of Chinese Buddhism.” In Paul R. Katz and Stefania Travagnin, eds., Concepts and Methods for the Study of Chinese Religions. Vol. III: Key Concepts in Practice. Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 113–132.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Teiser, Stephen F. 1988. The Ghost Festival in Medieval China. Princeton: Princeton University Press.10.1515/9780691222172
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Travagnin, Stefania. 2017a. “Charting Religion and Media in Taiwan: Media Expressions of Faith as (Pluri)Identity Markers in the Democratization Era.” In Stefania Travagnin, ed., Religion and Media in China: Insights and Case Studies from the Mainland, Taiwan and Hong Kong. New York: Routledge, pp. 53–68.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Travagnin, Stefania. 2017b. “Dharma in Motion Pictures: Buddhist Cartoons and Documentaries in Contemporary Taiwan.” In Stefania Travagnin, ed., Religion and Media in China: Insights and Case Studies from the Mainland, Taiwan and Hong Kong. New York: Routledge, pp. 225–240.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Travagnin, Stefania. 2019. “Cyberactivities and ‘Civilized’ Worship: Assessing Contexts and Modalities of Online Ritual Practices.” In Ji Zhe, Gareth Fisher, and Andre Laliberte, eds., Buddhism after Mao: Negotiations, Continuities, and Reinventions. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press, pp. 290–311.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Travagnin, Stefania. 2020. “From Online Buddha Halls to Robot-Monks: New Developments in the Long-Term Interaction between Buddhism, Media, and Technology in Contemporary China.” Review of Religion and Chinese Society, 7, pp. 120–148.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tweed, Thomas A. 2011. “Theory and Method in the Study of Buddhism: Toward ‘Translocative’ Analysis.” Journal of Global Buddhism, 12, pp. 17–32.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wagner, Racher and Christopher Accardo. 2015. “Buddhist Apps: Skillful Means or Dharma Dilution?” In Gregory Price Grieve and Daniel M. Veidlinger, eds., Buddhism, the Internet, and Digital Media: The Pixel in the Lotus. New York: Routledge, pp. 134–152.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ward, Mark. 2016. The Electronic Church in the Digital Age: Cultural Impacts of Evangelical Mass Media. Santa Barbara: Praeger.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wolff, Richard F. 1999. “A Phenomenological Study of In-Church and Televised Worship.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 38 (2), pp. 219–235.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Yu, Chun-fang. 1988. “Miracle Tales and the Domestication of Kuan-Yin.” Chung-Hwa Buddhist Journal, 11, pp. 425–481.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Yu, Chun-fang. 2020. Chinese Buddhism: A Thematic History. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press.10.1515/9780824883485
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Zito, Angela. 2008. “Can Television Mediate Religious Experience? The Theology of Joan of Arcadia.” In Hent de Vries, ed., Religion: Beyond a Concept. New York: Fordham University Press, pp. 724–738.
]Search in Google Scholar