The Effect of Decreased Protein Levels in Sow Diets on Nitrogen Content of Faeces and Physiological Parameters of Blood

AOAC (2006). Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 17th edition, Arlington, Virginia, USA.Search in Google Scholar

Burek R., Grela E. R. (2005). Effect of different lactating sow feeding schedules on performance and some blood indices (in Polish). Med. Weter., 61 (7): 822-825.Search in Google Scholar

Canh T. T., Aarnink A. J. A., Schulte J. B., Sutton A., Langhout D. J., Verstergen M. W. A. (1998). Dietary protein affects nitrogen excretion and ammonia emission from slurry of growing-finishing pigs. Livest. Prod. Sci., 56: 181-191.10.1016/S0301-6226(98)00156-0Search in Google Scholar

Clowes E. J., Kirkwood R., Cegielski A., Aherne F. X. (2003). Phase-feeding protein to gestating sows over three parities reduced nitrogen excretion without affecting sow performance. Liv. Prod. Sci., 81(2-3): 235-246.10.1016/S0301-6226(02)00275-0Search in Google Scholar

CVB. (2004). Veevoedertabel. Centtral Veevoederbureau, Lelystad, Holland.Search in Google Scholar

Czech A., Grela E. R. (2004). Biochemical and haematological blood parameters of sows during pregnancy and lactation fed the diet with different source and activity of phytase. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 116: 211-223.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2004.07.013Search in Google Scholar

Gajewczyk P., Korniewicz D., Kołacz R., Dobrzański Z., Korniewicz A. (2010). Response of pregnant and lactating sows to reduced protein content in complete compound feed. Pol. J. Vet. Sci., 13 (4): 755-763.10.2478/v10181-010-0021-421370758Search in Google Scholar

Grela E. R., Kowalczuk-Vasilev E. (2010). Influence of digestible crude protein reduction and amino acids additive in growing pigs diets on their performance and nitrogen balance. Ann. UMCS., Zootechnica, 28 (1): 1-8.10.2478/v10083-010-0001-2Search in Google Scholar

Halas V., Babinszky L., Verstegen M. W. A. (2003). Conceptual paper for modelling protein and lipid accretion in different body parts of growing and fattening pigs. Arch. Anim. Nutr., 57 (2): 137-150.10.1080/0003942031000107307Search in Google Scholar

Heath M. F., Evans R. J., Gresham A. C. J. (1991). Blood biochemical reference ranges for sows under modern management conditions. Brit. Vet. J., 147 (4): 331-339.10.1016/0007-1935(91)90005-8Search in Google Scholar

Htoo K., Sauer W. C., Zhang Y., Cervantes M., Liao S. F., Araiza B. A., Morales A., Torrentera N. (2007). The effect of feeding low-phytate barley-soybean meal diets differing in protein content to growing pigs on the excretion of phosphorus and nitrogen. J. Anim. Sci., 85: 700-705.10.2527/jas.2006-249Search in Google Scholar

Korniewicz A., Dobrzański Z., Kołacz R., Tronina S., Korniewicz D., Czarnik-Matusewicz H. (2000). Fish fat-mineral concentrate (FF-MC) in fatteners feeding. Rocz. Nauk. Zoot. Ann. Anim. Sci., 27: 143-160.Search in Google Scholar

Korniewicz D., Kołacz R., Dobrzański Z., Korniewicz A., Kulok M. (2006). Effect of dietary halloysite on the quality of feed and utilization of nutrients by fatteners. EJPAU ser. Anim. Husb., 9(4).Search in Google Scholar

Korniewicz D., Dobrzański Z., Korniewicz A., Kaczmarek P., Różański H., Pogoda-Sewerniak K. (2007 a). Influence of plant extracts (Herbiplant CS) on biochemical indices and mineral elements in blood serum of fatteners. Acta. Sci. Pol. ser. Med. Vet., 6: 35-43.Search in Google Scholar

Korniewicz D., Dobrzański Z., Chojnacka K., Korniewicz A., Kołacz R. (2007b). Effect of dietary yeasts enriched with Cu, Fe and Mn on digestibility of main nutrients and absorption of minerals by growing pigs. Am. J. Agric. Biol. Sci., 2 (4): 267-275.10.3844/ajabssp.2007.267.275Search in Google Scholar

Korniewicz D., Różański H., Dobrzański Z., Kaczmarek P., Korniewicz A. (2007c). Effect of Herbiplant CS preparation on basic nutrient digestibility and mineral balance and absorption in fatteners. Ann. Anim. Sci., 7: 259-271.Search in Google Scholar

Krasucki W., Matras J., Grela E. R. (2004). Total and ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids of the sows diet supplemented with microbial phytase and citric acid. Acta Sci. Pol. ser. Zoot., 3 (2): 79-90.Search in Google Scholar

Le P. D., Aarnink A. J. A., Jongbloed A. W., Van de Peet-Schwering C. M. C., Verstegen M. W.A, Ogink N. W. M. (2007a). Effects of dietary crude protein level on odour from pig manure. Animal, 1: 734-744.10.1017/S175173110771030322444473Search in Google Scholar

Le P. D., Aarnink A. J. A., Jongbloed A. W., Vande Peet-Schwering C. M. C., Ogink N. W. M., Verstegen M. W. A. (2007b). Effects of crystalline amino acid supplementation to the diet on odor from pig manure. J. Anim. Sci., 85: 791-801.10.2527/jas.2006-64417145970Search in Google Scholar

Le P. D., Aarnink A. J. A., Jongbloed A. W. (2009). Odour and ammonia emission from pig manure as affected by dietary crude protein level. Livest. Sci., 121: 267-274.Search in Google Scholar

Pampuch F. G. (2003). The effects of varying supplemental levels of dietary tryptophan on lactation performance and different physiological parameters in lactating sows. Doktors der Agrarwissenschaften genehmigten Dissertation, Technische Universität München.Search in Google Scholar

Park M. S., Yang Y. X., Choi J. Y., Yoon S. Y., Ahn S.S, Lee S. H., Yang B. K., Lee J. K., Chae B. J. (2008). Effects of dietary fat inclusion at two energy levels on reproductive performance, milk compositions and blood profiles in lactating sows. Acta Agric. Scand. Sect. A., Anim. Sci., 58: 121-128.Search in Google Scholar

Portejoie S., Dourmad J., Martinez J., Lebreton Y. (2004). Effect of lowering dietary crude protein on nitrogen excretion, manure composition and ammonia emission from fattening pigs. Livest. Prod. Sci., 91: 45-55.Search in Google Scholar

Raj S., Fandrejewski H., Skiba G., Weremko D. (1997). Effect of crude fibre on energy digestibility in growing pigs and sows. Current rules of pigs feeding (2). Ed. IFiŻZ PAN, Jabłonna, pp. 156-159.Search in Google Scholar

Raj S., Fandrejewski H. (1997). Effects of feeding level, stage of pregnancy and age on digestibility of energy by sows. Current rules of pigs feeding (2). Ed. IFiŻZ PAN, Jabłonna, pp. 160-162.Search in Google Scholar

Reynolds A. M., O'Doherty J. V. (2006). The effect of amino acid restriction during the grower phase on compensatory growth, carcass composition and nitrogen utilisation in grower-finisher pigs. Livest. Sci., 104: 112-120.Search in Google Scholar

Semeniuk W., Grela E. R. (2011). Effect of a reduced protein content in the nutrition of growing-finishing pigs fed a restricted or ad libitum diet on nitrogen parameters in their blood and urine (in Polish). Med. Weter., 67 (5): 339-342.Search in Google Scholar

Skiba G., Raj S., Weremko D., Fandrejewski H. (2009). Protein, nucleic acid content and activity of μ- and m-calpain in the longissimus dorsi muscle as affected by protein and energy restriction during early growth of pigs. Archiv. Anim. Nutr., 63 (2): 149-159.Search in Google Scholar

Wang Y., Tang J. W., Ma W. Q., Feng J., Feng J. (2010). Dietary zinc glycine chelate on growth performance, tissue mineral concentrations, and serum enzyme activity in weanling piglets. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 133 (3): 325-334.Search in Google Scholar