Ability to Maintain and Improve Health and Socio-Demographic Correlates among Children in Albania

Variable	OR^a	95%CI^a	P^a
Age-group:
12–13 years	1.00	reference	0.008
14–15 years	1.16	1.04–1.28
Mother’s education:
High	1.00	reference	0.001
Middle/Low	1.21	1.09–1.35
Economic situation:
Not poor	1.00	reference	<0.001
Poor/very poor	1.49	1.21–1.84
Do you know your rights to healthcare services?
Yes	1.00	reference	<0.001
No	1.31	1.15–1.49
Do you know where to receive healthcare services?
Yes	1.00	reference	<0.001
No	1.75	1.39–2.19
Excluding the vaccination calendar, have you ever consulted/visited a health professional?
Yes	1.00	reference	<0.001
No	1.24	1.09–1.40

Knowledge about and use of healthcare services	Best attitudes (N=5534)	Poor attitudes (N=2297)	P^b
Do you know your rights to healthcare services?
Yes	4,357 (79.4)^a	1,579 (72.7)	<0.001
No	1,129 (20.6)	592 (27.3)
Do you know where to receive healthcare services?
Yes	5,278 (96.0)	1,989 (91.7)	<0.001
No	220 (4.0)	179 (8.3)
Do you know the location of health facilities in your area?
Yes	4,883 (89.0)	1,841 (85.3)	<0.001
No	603 (11.0)	318 (14.7)
Do you perceive any barriers to accessing healthcare services?
No	3,216 (58.9)	1,208 (56.0)	0.022
Yes	2,241 (41.1)	948 (44.0)
Excluding the vaccination calendar, have you ever consulted/visited a health professional?			<0.001
Yes	4,121 (75.3)	1,498 (69.8)
No	1,352 (24.7)	648 (30.2)

Socio-demographic factor	Best attitudes (N=5534)	Poor attitudes (N=2297)	P^b
Gender:
Girls	2,987 (71.1)^a	1,217 (28.9)	0.426
Boys	2,547 (70.2)	1,080 (29.8)
Age:
12–13 years	2,755 (72.0)	1,074 (28.0)	0.015
14–15 years	2,779 (69.4)	1,223 (30.6)
Place of residence:
Urban areas	3,427 (70.8)	1,411 (29.2)	0.701
Rural areas	2,086 (70.4)	876 (29.6)
Ethnicity:
Roma/Egyptian community	116 (66.7)	58 (33.3)	0.206
Ethnic Albanian	5,188 (71.1)	2,111 (28.9)
Mother’s education:
High	2,213 (73.8)	785 (26.2)	<0.001
Middle/Low	3,299 (69.8)	1,424 (30.2)
Economic situation:
Not poor	5,234 (72.0)	2,033 (28.0)	<0.001
Poor/very poor	289 (61.1)	184 (38.9)

Variable	Left panel: unadjusted models		Right panel: multivariable-adjusted models

	OR (95%CI)	P	OR (95%CI)	P
Gender:
Girls	1.00 (reference)	0.422	1.00 (reference)	0.951
Boys	1.04 (0.94–1.15)		1.01 (0.91–1.11)
Age-group:
12–13 years	1.00 (reference)	0.015	1.00 (reference)	0.006
14–15 years	1.13 (1.02–1.24)		1.15 (1.04–1.28)
Place of residence:
Urban areas	1.00 (reference)	0.700	1.00 (reference)	0.507
Rural areas	1.02 (0.92–1.13)		0.96 (0.87–1.07)
Ethnicity:
Ethnic Albanian	1.00 (reference)	0.206	1.00 (reference)	0.273
Roma/Egyptian	1.23 (0.89–1.69)		1.20 (0.87–1.67)
Mother’s education:
High	1.00 (reference)	<0.001	1.00 (reference)	0.001
Middle/Low	1.22 (1.10–1.35)		1.19 (1.07–1.33)
Economic situation:
Not poor	1.00 (reference)	<0.001	1.00 (reference)	<0.001
Poor/very poor	1.64 (1.35–1.99)		1.54 (1.26–1.88)

Calendario de la edición:: 4 veces al año
Temas de la revista:: Medicine, Clinical Medicine, Hygiene and Environmental Medicine