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Parent-child relationship outcomes of the Incredible Years Parents and Babies Program: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Maiken Pontoppidan
Maiken Pontoppidan
, 
Mette Thorsager
Mette Thorsager
 y 
Tine Steenhoff
Tine Steenhoff
   | 07 jun 2022
Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology's Cover Image
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Article Category: Research Article
Publicado en línea: 07 jun 2022
Páginas: 40 - 52
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sjcapp-2022-0004
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© 2022 Maiken Pontoppidan, Mette Thorsager, Tine Steenhof, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Trial flowchart
Trial flowchart

Regression results of interaction analyses for mothers divided into groups based on pre-intervention (T1) scores of KPCS. Results compare mothers at follow-up who received the IYPB program to those who received usual care within the groups scoring in the lowest 50th percentiles and the highest 50th percentiles.

KPCS < 50 % at T1 KPCS > 50 % at T1
CIB Scales β p 95 % CI β p 95 % CI
Parent Sensitivity 0.12 0.65 [-0.39-0.63] 0.45 0.17 [-0.19-1.08]
Parent Intrusiveness¤ 0.15 0.13 [-0.05-0.34] -0.21 0.20 [-0.54-0.11]
Parent Limit-Setting 0.11 0.48 [-0.20-0.43] 0.01 0.97 [-0.39-0.40]
Child Social Involvement -0.04 0.82 [-0.38-0.30] 0.28 0.24 [-0.19-0.75]
Child Withdrawal¤ 0.07 0.55 [-0.17-0.32] -0.21 0.20 [-0.53-0.11]
Dyadic Reciprocity 0.03 0.91 [-0.45-0.51] 0.53 0.10 [-0.11-1.16]
Dyadic Negative States¤ -0.02 0.90 [-0.41-0.36] -0.29 0.24 [-0.77-0.19]
CIB Total 0.02 0.92 [-0.31-0.34] 0.35 0.09 [-0.06-0.75]
N 97 97

Timing of outcomes

T1 Baseline T2 Post-test T3 Follow-up
Parent measures
Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale (52,53) KPCS √ √
Sense of Coherence (54) SOC13 √
Major Depression Inventory (55) MDI10 √ √ √
World Health Organisation Well-Being Index (56,57) WHO5 √ √ √
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (58) RSS √
Parental Stress Scale (59) PSS √ √
Being a Mother (60) BaM13 √
Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (61) PRFQ √
Parenting Sense of Competence (62) PSOC √
Background questions √ √ √
Single items on parent and child health, child temperament, parent life satisfaction, network, household budget √ √ √
Child measures
Ages and Stages Questionnaire - Social-Emotional (63,64) ASQ:SE-2e √ √ √
Cognitive Development Questionnaire (65) CDQ √
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (66,67) SDQ √
Parent-Child measures
Mother and Baby Interaction Scale (68) MABISC √
Coding Interactive Behavior video (69) CIB √

Sensitivity analyses comparing OLS regression without adjustment for baseline imbalance, without proxy for baseline CIB outcome, and with RSS as proxy for baseline CIB outcome.

Without adjustment for baseline imbalance Without proxy for baseline CIB outcome With RSS as proxy for baseline CIB outcome Without robust standard errors Standardized regression estimates
CIB Scales β 95 % CI β 95 % CI β 95 % CI β 95 % CI β 95 % CI
Parent Sensitivity 0.26 [-0.05-0.56] 0.31 [-0.05-0.66] 0.32 [-0.03-0.67] 0.32* [0.04-0.60] 0.24 [-0.03-0.52]
Parent Intrusiveness¤ 0.02 [-0.13-0.17] 0.05 [-0.10-0.20] 0.04 [-0.10-0.19] 0.07 [-0.09-0.23] 0.10 [-0.11-0.31]
Parent Limit-Setting 0.12 [-0.08-0.31] 0.12 [-0.09-0.33] 0.13 [-0.08-0.34] 0.11 [-0.07-0.30] 0.13 [-0.13-0.40]
Child Involvement Social 0.11 [-0.11-0.32] 0.07 [-0.16-0.31] 0.09 [-0.14-0.32] 0.09 [-0.14-0.32] 0.09 [-0.14-0.31]
Child Withdrawal¤ 0.02 [-0.14-0.18] -0.00 [-0.17-0.16] -0.00 [-0.17-0.16] -0.02 [-0.19-0.15] -0.03 [-0.25-0.19]
Dyadic Reciprocity 0.23 [-0.07-0.53] 0.25 [-0.07-0.57] 0.27 [-0.05-0.59] 0.27 [-0.03-0.56] 0.19 [-0.04-0.43]
Dyadic States¤ Negative -0.09 [-0.33-0.14] -0.13 [-0.39-0.13] -0.14 [-0.40-0.13] -0.14 [-0.38-0.09] -0.14 [-0.39-0.12]
CIB Total 0.15 [-0.05-0.34] 0.16 [-0.06-0.38] 0.17 [-0.04-0.39] 0.17 [-0.02-0.36] 0.20 [-0.06-0.45]
N 97 97 97 97 97

Comparison of parent-child relationship outcomes for families who received IYPB program and families who received usual care (UC) at post-intervention (T2) with regression coefficients, 95% confidence intervals, and Cohen’s d for multiple linear regressions controlling for site and baseline score

IYPB T2 UC T2
CIB Scales Mean SD Mean SD β p 95 % CI d (adj.) d (raw)
Parent Sensitivity 4.34 0.54 4.08 0.75 0.32 0.08 [-0.04-0.68] 0.52 0.43
Parent Intrusiveness¤ 1.37 0.34 1.35 0.34 0.07 0.35 [-0.08-0.22] 0.21 0.06
Parent Limit-Setting 4.90 0.31 4.79 0.52 0.11 0.31 [-0.11-0.33] 0.28 0.28
Child Social Involvement 3.77 0.48 3.64 0.53 0.09 0.45 [-0.15-0.33] 0.18 0.27
Child Withdrawal¤ 1.27 0.37 1.27 0.34 -0.02 0.79 [-0.19-0.14] -0.06 0.00
Dyadic Reciprocity 4.41 0.61 4.17 0.71 0.27 0.11 [-0.06-0.59] 0.41 0.38
Dyadic Negative States¤ 1.29 0.48 1.40 0.54 -0.14 0.29 [-0.41-0.12] -0.29 -0.22
CIB Total 4.35 0.38 4.19 0.47 0.17 0.13 [-0.05-0.39] 0.41 0.39
N 64 33
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