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Seismicity and Tectonics of the Republic of Kosovo

Blertë Retkoceri
Blertë Retkoceri
, 
Muhamet Ahmeti
Muhamet Ahmeti
 y 
Hazir S. Çadraku
Hazir S. Çadraku
   | 22 jul 2024
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Article Category: Original Study
Publicado en línea: 22 jul 2024
Páginas: -
Recibido: 09 may 2023
Aceptado: 12 jun 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2024-0015
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© 2024 Blertë Retkoceri et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Geologic map of Kosovo ([8] adapted: own study).
Geologic map of Kosovo ([8] adapted: own study).

Figure 2:

Map of tectonic structures ([7], adapted: own study).
Map of tectonic structures ([7], adapted: own study).

Figure 3:

Seismogenic zones ([11] adapted: own study).
Seismogenic zones ([11] adapted: own study).

Figure 4:

Magnitude distribution map according to earthquake catalog data, period 1456–2002, territory of Kosovo [21].
Magnitude distribution map according to earthquake catalog data, period 1456–2002, territory of Kosovo [21].

Figure 5:

Intensity distribution map according to earthquake catalog data, period 1456–2002, in the territory of Kosovo [21].
Intensity distribution map according to earthquake catalog data, period 1456–2002, in the territory of Kosovo [21].

Division by depth.

Depth (km) The range Kosova
Number of cases %
Till 60 Small (little one) 90 100
60–300 Average
Up to 300 Deep

Richter scale of earthquake magnitude [10].

Magnitude level Category Effects Earthquakes per year Kosovo
<1.0–2.9 Micro Generally not felt by people, though regorded on local instruments More than 100,000
3.0–3.9 Minor Felt by many people. No demage 12,000 to 100,000
4.0–4.9 Light Felt by all. Minor breakage of objects 2000 to 12,000 Light
5.0–5.9 Moderate Some damage to weak structures 200 to 2000 Moderate
6.0–6.9 Strong Moderate demage in populated areas 20 to 200
7.0–79 Major Serious damage over large areas. Loss of life 3 to 20
>8.0 Great Severe destruction and loss of life over large areas Fewer than 3

Magnitude, class, and description [20].

Magnitude Class Description Kosovo
Number of cases %
>8 Great Significant damage expected
7.0–7.9 Major Damage expected
6.0–6.9 Strong Damage may occur 5 3.55
5.0–5.9 Moderate Minor damage may occur 14 9.93
4.0–4.9 Light Likely felt 69 48.94
3.0–3.9 Minor May be felt 53 37.59

Some statistical data.

Statistics Depth (km) Magnitude Intensity
Average 13.01 4.28 5.71
Min 3.00 3.80 5.00
Max 26.00 6.60 9.00

This division is given by the author [14].

Group Magnitude Kosovo %
First 7.5 < M < 8.5 0 0.00
Second 6.5 < M < 7.5 1 0.71
Third 5.25 < M < 6.5 11 7.80
Fourth 4.25 < M < 5.2 39 27.66
The fifth 3.25 < M < 4.25 90 63.83

Number of earthquakes, intensity, and percentage of participation.

No. of earthquakes Intensity %
82 5 58.16
34 6 24.11
12 7 8.51
10 8 7.09
3 9 2.13

The most powerful earthquakes in Kosovo.

City/locality Month.day.year Epicentral intensity (MMI scale, Pojani, 2003) Reference
Prizren 06.16.1456 6.0 Elezaj, 2002
Pejë 11.11.1662 8.0
Ferizaj 02.26.1755 9.0
Ferizaj-Viti 08.10.1921 9.0
Kopaonik 05.18.1980 6.0 Sulstarova et al, 2001; Orana et al., 1985; Elezaj, 2002.

The modified Mercalli Intensity Scale used in the USA [20].

Intensity Shaking Description/damage Kosovo
Number of cases %
I Not felt Not felt except by a very few under especially favorable conditions
II Weak Felt only by a few persons at rest, especially on the upper floors of buildings. Delicately suspended objects may swing
III Weak Felt quite noticeably by persons indoors, especially on the upper floors of buildings. Many people do not recognize it as an earthquake. Standing motor cars may rock slightly. Vibration similar to the passing of a truck. Duration estimated
IV Light Felt indoors by many, felt outdoors by few during the day. At night, some awakened. Dishes, windows, doors disturbed; walls make cracking sound. Sensation like heavy truck striking building. Standing motor cars rocked noticeably
V Moderate Felt by nearly everyone; many awakened. Some dishes, windows broken. Unstable objects overturned. Pendulum clocks may stop 82 58.16
VI Strong Felt by all, many frightened. Some heavy furniture moved; a few instances of fallen plaster. Damage slight 34 24.11
VI Very Strong Damage negligible in buildings of good design and construction; slight to moderate in well-built ordinary structures; considerable damage in poorly built or badly designed structures; some chimneys broken 12 8.51
VII Severe Damage slight in specially designed structures; considerable damage in ordinary substantial buildings with partial collapse. Damage great in poorly built structures. Fall of chimneys, factory stacks, columns, monuments, walls. Heavy furniture overturned 10 7.09
IX Violent Damage considerable in specially designed structures; well-designed frame structures thrown out of plumb. Damage great in substantial buildings, with partial collapse. Buildings shifted off foundations 3 2.13
X Extreme Some well-built wooden structures destroyed; most masonry and frame structures destroyed with foundations. Rail bent
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