This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Hall M. Bird scooters flying around town. Santa Monica Daily Press, 2017. [Online]. [Accessed 06.12.2023] Available: https://smdp.com/2017/09/26/bird-scooters-flying-around-town/Search in Google Scholar
National Association of City Transportation Officials. Shared Micromobility in 2018. Nacto 2019:1–16.Search in Google Scholar
Rubenis A., Celms A., Ratkevičs A. Analysis of Shared Electric Scooter Use in Riga. Environmental and Climate Technologies 2022:26(1):930–940. https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0070Search in Google Scholar
Yanatma S. Paris officially the first city in Europe to ban e-scooters. What are the rules in other countries? Euronews. [Online]. [Accessed 01.09.2023]. Available: https://www.euronews.com/next/2023/09/01/electric-scooters-what-are-the-rules-across-europe-and-where-are-injuries-highestSearch in Google Scholar
Koch M.-C. Gelsenkirchen enforces e-scooter ban: Bolt and Tier face 350 vehicle removal. Heise Online. [Online]. [Accessed 18.06.2024]. Available: https://www.heise.de/en/news/Gelsenkirchen-enforces-e-scooter-ban-Bolt-and-Tier-face-350-vehicle-removal-9688867.htmlSearch in Google Scholar
Reuters. Madrid moves to ban app-rented e-scooters over safety concerns. Guardian. [Online]. [Accessed 04.10.2024]. Available: https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/sep/05/madrid-moves-to-ban-app-rentede-scooters-over-safety-concernsSearch in Google Scholar
Suhartono H., Phakdeetham J., Church S. Scooter Company Bird Global Files Bankruptcy to Sell Itself. [Online]. [Accessed 20.12.2023]. Available: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-12-20/scooter-company-bird-global-files-for-chapter-11-bankruptcySearch in Google Scholar
Eurostat. Air emissions accounts for greenhouse gases by NACE Rev. 2 activity – quarterly data. [Online]. [Accessed 04.10.2024]. Available: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/env_ac_aigg_q/default/table?lang=en&category=env.env_air.env_air_aaSearch in Google Scholar
European Environment Agency. Greenhouse gas emissions from transport in Europe. Greenhouse gas emissions from transport in Europe. [Online]. [Accessed 24.10.2023]. Available: https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/indicators/greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-transportSearch in Google Scholar
Feldman H., Bunte B. Life cycle assessment of Generation 4.0 Lime e-bikes and e-scooters Final. 2022. [Online]. [Accessed 01.02.2024]. Available: https://cdn.li.me/content/uploads/placeholder/RESULTS-Lime_Gen4_eBike_eScooter_Paris_LCA_Results_v4.0.pptx.pdfSearch in Google Scholar
Bilboe C. How green are Europe’s escooter startups? Sifted. [Online]. [Accessed: Dec. 07, 2023] Available: https://sifted.eu/articles/electric-scooter-green-comparison-2021Search in Google Scholar
Hollingsworth J., Copeland B., Johnson J. X. Are e-scooters polluters? the environmental impacts of shared dockless electric scooters. Environmental Research Letters 2019:14(8). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab2da8Search in Google Scholar
International Transport Forum, ‘Good to Go? Assessing the Environmental Performance of New Mobility’, Paris, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/environmental-performance-new-mobility.pdfSearch in Google Scholar
Rubenis A., Laizāns A., Zvirbule A. Effect of Shared Electric Scooters on Urban Green House Gase Emissions: Case of Riga. International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM, 2022:247–258. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022V/4.2/s19.31Search in Google Scholar
Advertising Standards Authority, ASA Ruling on TIER Operations Ltd Ad description A21-1118832. 2022. [Online]. [Accessed 20.12.2023]. Available: https://www.asa.org.uk/rulings/tier-operations-ltd-a21-1118832-tier-operations-ltd.htmlSearch in Google Scholar
Knot, ‘Docking and charging stations for scooters’, Mobility Innovation Marketplace. [Online]. [Accessed 07.02.2024.] Available: https://www.knotcity.com/en/Search in Google Scholar
European Environment Agency. Greenhouse gas emission intensity of electricity generation by country. [Online]. [Accessed 14.05.2022]. Available: https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/daviz/co2-emission-intensity-9/#tab-chart_2Search in Google Scholar
Bolt. Bolt’s charging docks: here’s what we’ve learned’. [Online]. [Accessed 20.12.2023]. Available: https://bolt.eu/en/blog/bolts-charging-docks-heres-what-weve-learned/Search in Google Scholar
Bolt. In a league of its own – the first impressions of Bolt 6’. [Online]. [Accessed 20.12.2023]. Available: https://bolt.eu/en/blog/bolt-6-electric-scooter-reviews/Search in Google Scholar
Rubenis A., Adrian L. R., Garkevics M. Sun-Powered Wheels: PV Chargers for Shared E-Scooters to Mitigate Urban CO2 Emissions. In Engineering for Rural Development, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2024:999–1007. https://doi.org/10.22616/ERDev.2024.23.TF202Search in Google Scholar
Yıldız G., Çalış B., Gürel A. E., Ceylan İ. Investigation of life cycle CO2 emissions of the polycrystalline and cadmium telluride PV panels. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management 2020:14:100343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2020.100343Search in Google Scholar
Ellingsen L. A. W., Hung C. R., Strømman A. H. Identifying key assumptions and differences in life cycle assessment studies of lithium-ion traction batteries with focus on greenhouse gas emissions. Transp Res D Transp Environ 2017:55:82–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.06.028Search in Google Scholar
Aghaei M. et al. Review of degradation and failure phenomena in photovoltaic modules. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2022:159:112160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112160Search in Google Scholar
Woody M., Arbabzadeh M., Lewis G. M., Keoleian G. A., Stefanopoulou A. Strategies to limit degradation and maximize Li-ion battery service lifetime – Critical review and guidance for stakeholders. J Energy Storage 2020:28:101231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2020.101231Search in Google Scholar
Gorzelany J. By The Numbers: Comparing Electric Car Warranties. Forbes. [Online]. [Accessed: 29.04.2024]. Available: https://www.forbes.com/sites/jimgorzelany/2022/10/31/by-the-numbers-comparing-electric-car-warranties/Search in Google Scholar