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Managing fiscal risks in Albania: Challenges, comparative insights, and policy recommendations

  
17 jun 2025

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Figure 1.

Methodological Flow: From Data Sources to Policy Implications
Source: Author’s elaboration based on institutional and international datasets.
Methodological Flow: From Data Sources to Policy Implications Source: Author’s elaboration based on institutional and international datasets.

Graph 1.

GDP growth, debt-to-GDP, and fiscal deficit (Albania and peers)
Source: Ministry of Finance (2024); IMF Article IV Reports (2023–2024); World Bank (2021–2024)
GDP growth, debt-to-GDP, and fiscal deficit (Albania and peers) Source: Ministry of Finance (2024); IMF Article IV Reports (2023–2024); World Bank (2021–2024)

Graph 2.

SOE arrears reduction and PPP exposure
Source: Ministry of Finance (2024); IMF (2023–2024); World Bank (2021–2024)
SOE arrears reduction and PPP exposure Source: Ministry of Finance (2024); IMF (2023–2024); World Bank (2021–2024)

Graph 3.

Public Debt to GDP Trend (2029-2025)
Source: Ministry of Finance (2024); IMF Article IV Reports (2021–2024); World Bank Macro Outlook (2023–2024)
Public Debt to GDP Trend (2029-2025) Source: Ministry of Finance (2024); IMF Article IV Reports (2021–2024); World Bank Macro Outlook (2023–2024)

Summary of Key Data Sources, Variables, and Uses Source: Author’s compilation

Source Type of Data Used For
Ministry of Finance of Albania (2023–2024) FR Reports, SOE arrears. PPP exposures, macro indicators Trend analysis, baseline scenarios
World Bank(2021,2025) Country diagnostics, fiscal risk benchmarking, PPP management Regional comparison, good practices
IMF Article IV Reports (2023–2024) Macroeconomic forecasts, fiscal balance, SOE governance Stress testing, macro-fiscal modeling
Draft Disaster Risk Fiscal Assessment (2025) Natural disaster risk and fiscal impact estimates Contingent liability simulation
National Budget Documents(2020–2024) Debt, deficit, revenues, projections Baseline fiscal indicators, verification