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Site characterization for engineering purposes using geophysical and geotechnical techniques

Aderemi A. Alabi
Aderemi A. Alabi
   | 08 may 2021
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Article Category: Original Scientific Article
Publicado en línea: 08 may 2021
Páginas: 197 - 207
Recibido: 19 feb 2021
Aceptado: 08 mar 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/rmzmag-2020-0019
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© 2021 Aderemi A. Alabi, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Topographical map of the study area showing profile base image.
Topographical map of the study area showing profile base image.

Figure 2

Graph of apparent resistivity against electrode spacing for VES Profile 1. Notes: Blue line represents the phase values on the cross sections; the red line represents true resistivity; the black line in the graph represents apparent resistivity.
Graph of apparent resistivity against electrode spacing for VES Profile 1. Notes: Blue line represents the phase values on the cross sections; the red line represents true resistivity; the black line in the graph represents apparent resistivity.

Figure 3

Graph of apparent resistivity against electrode spacing for VES Profile 2. Notes: Blue line represents the phase values on the cross sections; the red line represents true resistivity; the black line in the graph represents apparent resistivity.
Graph of apparent resistivity against electrode spacing for VES Profile 2. Notes: Blue line represents the phase values on the cross sections; the red line represents true resistivity; the black line in the graph represents apparent resistivity.

Figure 4

Graph of apparent resistivity against electrode spacing for VES Profile 3. Notes: Blue line represents the phase values on the cross sections; the red line represents true resistivity; the black line in the graph represents apparent resistivity.
Graph of apparent resistivity against electrode spacing for VES Profile 3. Notes: Blue line represents the phase values on the cross sections; the red line represents true resistivity; the black line in the graph represents apparent resistivity.

Figure 5

Graph of apparent resistivity against electrode spacing for VES Profile 4. Notes: Blue line represents the phase values on the cross sections; the red line represents true resistivity; the black line in the graph represents apparent resistivity.
Graph of apparent resistivity against electrode spacing for VES Profile 4. Notes: Blue line represents the phase values on the cross sections; the red line represents true resistivity; the black line in the graph represents apparent resistivity.

Figure 6

Profiles of the geoelectric sections of the VES stations.
Profiles of the geoelectric sections of the VES stations.

Summary of the results of the VESs for the study area

VES Location No. of layers Resistivity (Ωm) Thickness (m) Depth (m) Inferred lithology Curve type
1 Latitude 7°08′ 17.2″ 1 180 0.91 0.91 Topsoil AKH
Longitude 3° 17′ 13.2″ 2 145 1.24 2.15 Sandy clay
3 332 1.56 3.71 Laterite
4 107 4.47 8.18 Saturated sandy clay
5 3,385 – – Fresh basement
2 Latitude 7° 08′ 17.0″ 1 248 0.86 0.86 Topsoil HKH
Longitude 3° 17′ 12.9″ 2 190 4.03 4.90 Clayey sand
3 175 11.9 16.8 Saturated sandy clay
4 240 – – Weathered basement
3 Latitude 7° 08′ 17.2″ 1 267 0.57 0.57 Topsoil AKH
Longitude 3° 17′ 10.0″ 2 167 0.83 1.41 Sandy clay
3 671 9.92 11.3 Indurated sandy clay
4 4,041 – – Fresh basement
4 Latitude 7° 08′24.0″ 1 290 0.56 0.56 Topsoil AKH
Longitude 3° 17′ 10.3″ 2 167 0.75 1.32 Sandy clay
3 623 7.81 9.13 Indurated sandy clay
4 4,355 – – Fresh basement

Results of analyses of the Atterberg limits, SG, moisture content and compaction limit

Sample points SP1 SP2 SP3 SP4 SP5 SP6 SP7 SP8 SP9 SP10
LL 38.50 28.00 18.75 17.65 37.56 25.85 18.67 17.34 15.28 14.39
PL 23.97 18.25 13.5 14.09 24.21 17.96 13.81 12.37 12.63 11.98
PI 14.53 9.75 5.25 3.56 13.35 7.89 4.86 4.97 2.65 2.41
1st SG 2.35 2.55 2.64 2.38 2.40 2.67 2.58 2.71 2.57 2.75
2nd SG 2.45 2.57 2.80 2.80 2.45 2.67 2.55 2.38 2.71 2.50
Average SG 2.40 2.56 2.72 2.59 2.43 2.67 2.57 2.69 2.64 2.63
OMC (%) 38.67 14.90 15.20 16.52 47.56 13.94 16.24 11.87 12.57 10.21
MDD (kg/m3) 1,445 2,506 2,100 1,720 1,250 2,850 1,790 3,011 2,910 3,500
Moisture content 23.97 17.25 13.50 14.09 24.21 16.03 13.81 12.34 12.63 11.98

Summary of the results of sieve analysis

Sample Sieve number Diameter (μm) 4475 8236 16118 30600 50300 100150 20075 PAN
SP1 % Retained 14.43 12.70 12.99 13.99 9.05 13.08 11.26 12.50
% Passing 85.57 72.87 59.88 45.89 36.84 23.76 12.50 0
SP2 % Retained 9.35 9.83 12.49 12.88 13.5 14.56 15.51 11.88
% Passing 90.65 80.82 68.33 55.45 41.95 27.39 11.88 0
SP3 % Retained 9.72 10.06 12.27 12.43 12.79 14.62 15.60 12.51
% Passing 90.28 80.22 67.95 55.52 42.73 28.11 12.51 0
SP4 % Retained 9.73 13.37 12.39 12.48 13.67 12.81 13.05 12.5
% Passing 90.27 76.9 64.51 52.03 38.36 25.55 12.50 0
SP5 % Retained 10.04 10.23 12.35 12.53 12.67 14.63 15.04 12.51
% Passing 89.96 79.73 67.38 54.85 42.18 27.55 12.51 0
SP6 % Retained 9.91 10.29 12.01 12.51 12.98 14.6 15.19 12.51
% Passing 90.09 79.80 67.79 55.28 42.3 27.7 12.51 0
SP7 % Retained 9.93 10.43 12.56 12.7 13.32 15.56 13.00 12.50
% Passing 90.07 79.64 67.08 54.38 41.06 25.5 12.5 0
SP8 % Retained 10.21 10.31 12.03 12.54 13;00 14.63 14.96 12.32
% Passing 89.79 79.48 67.45 54.91 41.91 27.28 12.32 0
SP9 % Retained 9.84 10.37 12.41 12.24 13.02 14.56 15.03 12.53
% Passing 90.16 79.79 67.38 55.14 42.12 27.56 12.53 0
SP10 % Retained 9.95 10.25 12.25 12.47 12.90 14.50 15.18 12.50
% Passing 90.05 79.80 67.55 55.08 42.18 27.68 12.50 0

Results of the CBR test for the soil samples

Sampling point Location CBR_u (%) CBR_s (%)
SP1 Latitude 7° 08′ 15.8″Longitude 3° 17′ 13.3″ 60.25 5.62
SP2 Latitude 7° 08′ 17.2″Longitude 3° 17′ 13.2″ 89.34 14.00
SP3 Latitude 7° 08′ 18.8″Longitude 3° 17′ 13.3″ 91.00 18.00
SP4 Latitude 7° 08′ 20.5″Longitude 3° 17′ 13.4″ 97.00 21.00
SP5 Latitude 7° 08′ 17.0″Longitude 3° 17′ 13.0″ 70.45 3.95
SP6 Latitude 7° 08′ 16.9″Longitude 3° 17′ 11.3″ 84.37 12.89
SP7 Latitude 7° 08′ 17.2″Longitude 3° 17′ 10.0″ 90.56 20.86
SP8 Latitude 7° 08′ 18.8″Longitude 3° 17′ 10.0″ 97.96 27.95
SP9 Latitude 7° 08′ 20.5″Longitude 3° 17′ 10.0″ 98.95 29.76
SP10 Latitude 7° 08′ 24.0″Longitude 3° 17′ 10.3″ 98.00 28.00
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