[1. Sarwar M., Soomro TR. Impact of smartphone’s on society. European Journal of Scientific Research. 2013;98(2):216-26.]Search in Google Scholar
[2. Mokoena S. Smartphones and regular cellular phones: assessing their impact on students’ education at the University of Zululand (Doctoral dissertation, University of Zululand). 2012. Available from: http://uzspace.uzulu.ac.za/handle/10530/1049.]Search in Google Scholar
[3. Shahzad M, Liu AX, Samuel A. Secure unlocking of mobile touch screen devices by simple gestures: you can see it but you cannot do it. In: MobiCom’13 Proceedings of the 19th annual international conference on Mobile computing & networking. ACM. New York; 2013, p.39-50.10.1145/2500423.2500434]Search in Google Scholar
[4. AlAbdulwahab SS, Kachanathu SJ, AlMotairi MS. Smartphone use addiction can cause neck disability. Musculoskeletal Care. 2017;15(1):10-2. DOI: 10.1002/msc.1170. Epub 2017 Jan 19.10.1002/msc.1170.Epub201719]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[5. Poushter J. Smartphone ownership and internet usage continues to climb in emerging economies [Internet]. Pew Research Center. 2016. Available from: http://www.pewglobal.org/2016/02/22/smartphone-ownership-and-internet-usage-continues-to-climb-in-emerging-economies/]Search in Google Scholar
[6. Alhassan M, Al Mulhim A, Sultan S, Alnofaily H, Alfayez M, Alfarhan H, et al. Smartphone usage among medical students in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR). 2017;6(1):2227-9. Available from: https://www.ijsr.net/archive/v6i1/v6i1_02.php10.21275/ART20164686]Search in Google Scholar
[7. Alosaimi FD, Alyahya H, Alshahwan H, Al Mahyijari N, Shaik SA. Smartphone addiction among university students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2016;37(6):675-83. DOI: 10.15537/Smj.2016.6.14430.10.15537/smj.2016.6.14430]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[8. Smartphones Dominate The KSA Mobile Market [Internet]. 2014. Available from: http://www.nielsen.com/mena/en/press-room/2014/smartphones-dominate-the-ksa-mobile-market.html [Accessed 19 Mar. 2017].]Search in Google Scholar
[9. Berolo S, Wells RP, Amick BC. Musculoskeletal symptoms among mobile hand-held device users and their relationship to device use: A preliminary study in a Canadian university population. Appl Ergon. 2011;42(2):371-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2010.08.010. Epub 2010 Sep 15.10.1016/j.apergo.2010.08.010]Search in Google Scholar
[10. Sharan D, Mohandoss M, Ranganathan R, Jose J. Musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities due to extensive usage of hand held devices. Ann Occup Environ Med. 2014;26:22. DOI: 10.1186/s40557-014-0022-3.10.1186/s40557-014-0022-3]Search in Google Scholar
[11. Armstrong AD, MacDermid JC, Chinchalkar S, Stevens RS, King GJ. Reliability of range-of-motion measurement in the elbow and forearm. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1998;7(6):573-80.10.1016/S1058-2746(98)90003-9]Search in Google Scholar
[12. Kwon M, Kim DJ, Cho H, Yang S. The smartphone addiction scale: development and validation of a short version for adolescents. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(12):e83558. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083558.10.1371/journal.pone.0083558]Search in Google Scholar
[13. Melzack R. The short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire. Pain. 1987;30(2):191-7.10.1016/0304-3959(87)91074-8]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[14. Golden DW, Wojcicki JM, Jhee JT, Gilpin SL, Sawyer JR, Heyman MB. Body mass index and elbow range of motion in a healthy pediatric population: a possible mechanism of overweight in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2008;46(2):196-201. DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31812f568b.10.1097/MPG.0b013e31812f568b325204518223380]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[15. Wong DSW, Chan HC, Cheng CHK. Cyberbullying perpetration and victimization among adolescents in Hong Kong. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2014;36:133–140. DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.11.006.10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.11.006]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[16. Gill H, Gustafsson L, Hawcroft L, McKenna K. Shoulder joint range of motion in healthy adults aged 20 to 49 years. British Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2006;69(12):556-61. https://doi.org/10.1177/030802260606901204.10.1177/030802260606901204]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[17. El Azab DR, Amin DI, Mohamed GI. Effect of smart phone using duration and gender on dynamic balance. Int J Med Res Health Sci. 2017;6(1):42-9.]Search in Google Scholar
[18. Um SH. An empirical study on relationship between physical symptoms and smart phone usage. Incheon Inha University. Dissertation of Master’s Degree. 2013.]Search in Google Scholar
[19. Inal EE, Demirci K, Çetintürk A, Akgönül M, Savaş S. Effects of smartphone overuse on hand function, pinch strength, and the median nerve. Muscle Nerve. 2015;52(2):183-8. DOI: 10.1002/mus.24695. Epub 2015 Jun 3.10.1002/mus.2469525914119]Search in Google Scholar
[20. Woo HC, White P, Ng HK, Lai CW. Development of kinematic graphs of median nerve during active finger motion: implications of smartphone use. PLoS One. 2016;11(7):e0158455. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158455.10.1371/journal.pone.0158455493021627367447]Search in Google Scholar
[21. Côté JN, Raymond D, Mathieu PA, Feldman AG, Levin MF. Differences in multi-joint kinematic patterns of repetitive hammering in healthy, fatigued and shoulder-injured individuals. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2005;20(6):581-90. Epub 2005 Apr 14.10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2005.02.01215927734]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar