Advances in diagnostics and management of gestational trophoblastic disease
Article Category: Review Article
Publicado en línea: 27 oct 2022
Páginas: 430 - 439
Recibido: 13 may 2022
Aceptado: 30 ago 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2022-0038
© 2022 Nusa Lukinovic, Eva Pavla Malovrh, Iztok Takac, Monika Sobocan, Jure Knez, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Background
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a heterogeneous group of rare tumours characterised by abnormal proliferation of trophoblastic tissue. It consists of benign or premalignant conditions, such as complete and partial molar pregnancy and variants of malignant diseases. The malignant tumours specifically are commonly referred to as gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). They consist of invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, placental-site trophoblastic tumour (PSTT) and epithelioid trophoblastic tumour (ETT).
Conclusions
Patients with GTD are often asymptomatic, although vaginal bleeding is a common presenting symptom. With the advances in ultrasound imaging in early pregnancy, the diagnosis of molar pregnancy is most commonly made in the first trimester of pregnancy. Sometimes, additional imaging such as chest X-ray, CT or MRI can help detect metastatic disease. Most women can be cured, and their reproductive function can be preserved. In this review, we focus on the advances in management strategies for gestational trophoblastic disease as well as possible future research directions.