[
1. Dunaif A, Segal KR, Shelley DR, et al. Evidence for distinctive and intrinsic defects in insulin action in polycystic ovary syndrome. Diabetes 1992;41:1257-1266.10.2337/diab.41.10.12571397698
]Search in Google Scholar
[
2. Nolan CJ, Prentki M. Insulin resistance and insulin hypersecretion in the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: Time for a conceptual framework shift. Diabetes & Vascular Disease Research 2019; Vol. 16(2) 118–127.10.1177/147916411982761130770030
]Search in Google Scholar
[
3. Mc Carthy CR, Marshall JC. Polycystic ovary syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine 2016; 375: 54-64. (https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp1514916)
]Search in Google Scholar
[
4. Bajuk Studen K, Pfeifer M. Cardiometabolic risk in polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrine Connections 2018; 7(7): 238-251.10.1530/EC-18-0129602688629844207
]Search in Google Scholar
[
5. Bednarska S, Siejka A. The pathogenesis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: What's new? Adv Clin Exp Med. 2017; 26(2):359-367.10.17219/acem/5938028791858
]Search in Google Scholar
[
6. Otto-Buczkowska E, Grzyb K, Jainta N. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the accompanying disorders of glucose homeostasis among girls at the time of puberty. Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2018; 24(1):40-44.10.18544/PEDM-24.01.010130083660
]Search in Google Scholar
[
7. Tomlinson J. Polycystic ovary syndrome: Why are women at increased risk of type 2 diabetes? Journal of Diabetes Nursing 2016; 3: 91-97.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
8. Azziz R, Carmina E, Chen Z, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Nature Reviews Disease Primer 2016; 2:16057. (https://doi.org/101038/nrdp.20116.57)10.1038/nrdp.2016.5727510637
]Search in Google Scholar
[
9. Gambineri A, Pelusi C, Manicardi E, et al. Glucose intolerance in a large cohort of mediterranean women with polycystic ovary syndrome: phenotype and associated factors. Diabetes 2004; 53:2353–2358.10.2337/diabetes.53.9.235315331545
]Search in Google Scholar
[
10. Achard C, Thiers J. Le virilisme pilaire et son association a l᾿ insuffisance glycolytique (diabetes des femmes a barbe)(In French)Bull Acad Natl Med (Paris) 1921; 86:51-64.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
11. Burgan GA, Givens JR, Kitabchi AE. Correlation of hyperandrogenism with hyperinsulinism in poycystic ovarian disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1980; 50:113-116.10.1210/jcem-50-1-1137350174
]Search in Google Scholar
[
12. Ehrmann DA, Barnes RB, Rosenfield RL, et al. Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Diabetes Care 1999; 22: 141-146.10.2337/diacare.22.1.14110333916
]Search in Google Scholar
[
13. Sirman MS, Pate AK. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Clinical Epidemiology 2014; 6: 1-13.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
14. Kakoly NS, Khomami MB, Joham AE, et al. Ethnicity, obesity and the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes in PCOS: a systematic review and meta-regression. Human Reporoduction Update 2018; 1-13.10.1093/humupd/dmy00729590375
]Search in Google Scholar
[
15. Solomon C, Frank Hu, Dunaif A, et al. Long or highly irregular menstrual cycles as a marker for risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA 2001; 286(19): 3421-3426.10.1001/jama.286.19.2421
]Search in Google Scholar
[
16. Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Human Reproduction 2004; 19: 41–47.10.1093/humrep/deh098
]Search in Google Scholar
[
17. American Diabetes Association Standards of medical care in diabetes – 2014. Diabetes Care 2014; 37: S14–S80.10.2337/dc14-S014
]Search in Google Scholar
[
18. Legro RS, Kunselman AR, Dodson WC, et al. Prevalence and Predictors of Riskfor Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Polycystic OvarySyndrome: A Prospective, Controlled Study in 254 Affected Women. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism1999;84:165-169.10.1210/jc.84.1.165
]Search in Google Scholar
[
19. Weerakiet S, Srisombut C, Bunnag P, et al. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in Asian women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2001;75: 177–184.10.1016/S0020-7292(01)00477-5
]Search in Google Scholar
[
20. Gambineri A, Pelusi C, Manicardi E, et al. Glucose Intolerance in a Large Cohort of Mediterranean Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Phenotype and Associated Factors. Diabetes 2004; Vol. 53: 2353–2358.10.2337/diabetes.53.9.235315331545
]Search in Google Scholar
[
21. Dabadghao P, Roberts BJ, Wang J, et al. Glucose tolerance abnormalities in Australian women with polycystic ovary syndrome. MJA 2007; 187(6): 328–331.10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01273.x17874978
]Search in Google Scholar
[
22. Apridonidze T, Essah P, Iuorno MJ, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005; 90(4):1929-1935.10.1210/jc.2004-104515623819
]Search in Google Scholar
[
23. Carmina E, Napoli N, Longo RA, et al. Metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): lower prevalence in southern Italy than in the USA and the influence of criteria for the diagnosis of PCOS. European Journal of Endocrinology 2006; 154: 141-145.10.1530/eje.1.0205816382003
]Search in Google Scholar
[
24. Ehrmann DA, Liljenquist DR, Kasza K, et al.Prevalence and predictors of the metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovarysyndrome. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2006; 91:48-53.10.1210/jc.2005-132916249284
]Search in Google Scholar
[
25. Moran LJ, Misso ML, Wild RA, et al. Impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic reviewand meta-analysis. Human Reproduction Update 2010; 16:347-363.10.1093/humupd/dmq001
]Search in Google Scholar
[
26. Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J. International Diabetes Federation: a consensus on type 2 diabetes prevention. Diabet Med 2007; 24: 451-463.10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02157.x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
27. Livadas S, Kollias A, Panidis D, et al. Diverse impacts of aging on insulin resistance in lean and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome evidence from 1345 women with the syndrome. European Journal of Endocrinology 2014;171: 301-309. (https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-3908)
]Search in Google Scholar
[
28. Ciampelli M, Fulghesu AM, Cucinelli F,et al. Impact of insulin and body mass index on metabolic and endocrine variables in polycystic ovary syndrome. Metabolism 1999; 48: 167-172.10.1016/S0026-0495(99)90028-8
]Search in Google Scholar
[
29. Yildiz BO, Knochenhauer ES, Azziz R. Impact of obesity on the risk for polycysticovary syndrome. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2008; 93:162-168.10.1210/jc.2007-1834219073917925334
]Search in Google Scholar
[
30. Lim SS, Norman RJ, Davies MJ, et al. The effect of obesity on polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews 2013; 14: 95-109.10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01053.x23114091
]Search in Google Scholar
[
31. Andersen M and Glintborg D. Diagnosis and follow-up of type 2 diabetes in women with PCOS: a role for OGTT? European Journal of Endocrinology. 2018; 179, D1–D14.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
32. Lazaridou S, Dinas K, Tziomalos K. Prevalence, pathogenesis and management of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. HORMONES 2017; 16(4):373-380.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
33. Barber TM, Vojtechova P, Franks S. The impact of hyperandrogenism in femaleobesity and cardiometabolic diseases associated with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation 2013;15:91-103.10.1515/hmbci-2013-001425436736
]Search in Google Scholar
[
34. Shorakae S, Teede H, de Courten B, et al. The emerging role of chronic low-grade inflammation in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome. Semin Reprod Med 2015; 33:257–269.10.1055/s-0035-155656826132930
]Search in Google Scholar
[
35. O Reilly WM, Taylor EA, Crabtree JN, et al. Hyperandrogenemia predicts metabolic phenotype in polycystic ovary syndrome: the utility of serum androstenedione. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99(3): 1027-1036.10.1210/jc.2013-3399395525024423344
]Search in Google Scholar
[
36. Thaler MA, Seifert-Klauss V, Luppa PB. The biomarker sex hormone-bindingglobulin - from established applications to emerging trends in clinical medicine. Best Practice & Research: Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2015; 29:749-760.10.1016/j.beem.2015.06.00526522459
]Search in Google Scholar
[
37. Haffner SM, Valdez RA, Morales PA, et al. Decreased sex hormone-binding globulin predicts noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women but not in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993; 77: 56–60.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
38. Sutton-Tyrrell K, Wildman RP, Matthews KA, et al.Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and the Free Androgen Index Are Related toCardiovascular Risk Factors in Multiethnic Premenopausal and Perimenopausal Women Enrolled in the Study of Women Across the Nation (SWAN). Circulation 2005;111:1242-1249.10.1161/01.CIR.0000157697.54255.CE15769764
]Search in Google Scholar
[
39. Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Papavassiliou AG, Kandarakis S A, et al. Pathophysiology and types of dyslipidemia in PCOS. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2007; 18:280–285.10.1016/j.tem.2007.07.00417692530
]Search in Google Scholar
[
40. Rizzo M, Berneis K, Carmina E, et al. How should we manage atherogenic dyslipidemia in-women with polycystic ovary syndrome? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008; 198:28.e21–25.10.1016/j.ajog.2007.09.01418166299
]Search in Google Scholar
