Central sleep apnea in patients with heart failure: whom to screen and how to treat? – A brief review

Central sleep apnoea (CSA) in patients with heart failure (HF) has gained considerable interest in the sleep field within the last decade. Early detection and polysomnography (PSG) patterns recently stated, as well as limited therapeutic approaches remain challenging, that of the positive airway pressure (PAP) therapies show positive effects on cardiovascular mortality in randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The era of personalised medicine promotes further analyses of phenotyping of HF patients for individualised treatment consecutively.