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Further Investigations on Unconventional Slot Numbers in Concentrated Winding Electric Motors: Rotor Eccentricity and Conventional Methods for Torque Ripple Reduction

Mike Königs

Mike Königs

Flensburg University of Applied SciencesFlensburg, Germany
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Königs, Mike
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Michael Harmel

Michael Harmel

Flensburg University of Applied SciencesFlensburg, Germany
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Harmel, Michael
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Bernd Loehlein

Bernd Loehlein

Flensburg University of Applied SciencesFlensburg, Germany
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Loehlein, Bernd
  
23 feb 2025
Further Investigations on Unconventional Slot Numbers in Concentrated Winding Electric Motors: Rotor Eccentricity and Conventional Methods for Torque Ripple Reduction's Cover Image
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Categoría del artículo: Research paper
Publicado en línea: 23 feb 2025
Páginas: 96 - 109
Recibido: 19 nov 2024
Aceptado: 15 ene 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/pead-2025-0006
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© 2025 Mike Königs et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Two concentrated coils on a single tooth.
Two concentrated coils on a single tooth.

Figure 2.

2D cross section of a 10p12s machine with concentrated windings.
2D cross section of a 10p12s machine with concentrated windings.

Figure 3.

2D cross section of a 10p12s machine with breadloaf magnets.
2D cross section of a 10p12s machine with breadloaf magnets.

Figure 4.

2D cross section of a 10p13s machine.
2D cross section of a 10p13s machine.

Figure 5.

Cogging torque comparison.
Cogging torque comparison.

Figure 6.

Torque comparison.
Torque comparison.

Figure 7.

Induced voltage in no load operation.
Induced voltage in no load operation.

Figure 8.

Induced voltage under 8 A/mm2 load operation.
Induced voltage under 8 A/mm2 load operation.

Figure 9.

Radial forces under no load operation.
Radial forces under no load operation.

Figure 10.

Radial forces under load operation.
Radial forces under load operation.

Figure 11.

Cogging torque comparison with rotor eccentricity.
Cogging torque comparison with rotor eccentricity.

Figure 12.

Torque comparison with rotor eccentricity.
Torque comparison with rotor eccentricity.

Figure 13.

Induced voltage in no load operation with rotor eccentricity.
Induced voltage in no load operation with rotor eccentricity.

Figure 14.

Induced voltage under 8 A/mm2 load operation with rotor eccentricity.
Induced voltage under 8 A/mm2 load operation with rotor eccentricity.

Figure 15.

Radial forces under no load operation with rotor eccentricity.
Radial forces under no load operation with rotor eccentricity.

Figure 16.

Radial forces under load operation with rotor eccentricity.
Radial forces under load operation with rotor eccentricity.

Winding distribution of double layer 10p12s winding_

Tooth number U V W Sum
1 1 - - 1
2 −1 - - 1
3 - −1 - 1
4 - 1 - 1
5 - - 1 1
6 - - −1 1
7 −1 - - 1
8 1 - - 1
9 - 1 - 1
10 - −1 - 1
11 - - −1 1
12 - - 1 1

Winding distribution of quadruple layer 10p13s winding_

Tooth number U V W Sum
1 0.87 - - 0.87
2 −0.32 0.66 - 0.98
3 - −0.60 0.39 0.99
4 0.08 - −0.82 0.9
5 −0.72 - 0.24 0.96
6 0.53 −0.47 - 1
7 - 0.78 −0.16 0.94
8 - −0.16 0.78 0.94
9 0.53 - −0.47 1
10 −0.72 0.24 - 0.96
11 0.08 −0.82 - 0.9
12 - 0.39 −0.60 0.99
13 −0.32 - 0.66 0.98

FEM simulation results_

Mean torque (Nm) 2.77 2.5 2.51 2.53
Voltage constant (Vrms/rad) 0.171 0.154 0.154 0.151
Cogging torque (Nm) 0.0524 0.0008 0.0126 0.0028
Relative cogging torque (%) 1.89 0.03 0.50 0.11
Torque ripple under load (Nm) 0.064 0.0035 0.0159 0.0065
Relative torque ripple under load (%) 2.30 0.14 0.63 0.26
Lateral force ripple (N) 0.025 0.016 0.201 0.879

FEM simulation results for eccentric rotor (0_2 mm shift off centre)_

Mean torque in Nm 2.77 2.5 2.51 2.53
Voltage constant in Vrms/rad 0.171 0.154 0.154 0.151
Cogging torque in Nm 0.0588 0.0013 0.016 0.0208
Relative cogging torque (%) 2.12 0.05 0.64 0.82
Torque ripple under load in Nm 0.0686 0.008 0.0212 0.024
Relative torque ripple under load (%) 2.48 0.32 0.84 0.95
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