An Evaluation of Athletes’ Opinions on Communication Barriers Caused by Coaches in the Interpersonal Communication Process

Athanasios, L. (2005). Communication problems in professional sports: the case of Greece. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 10(3), 252–256. https://doi.org/10.1108/13563280510614500 Search in Google Scholar

Barker, R. T., & Zifcak, L. (1999). Communication and gender in workplace 2000: Creating a contextually-based integrated paradigm. Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, 29(4), 335–347. https://doi.org/10.2190/648J-E1VU-4JE6-JWW Search in Google Scholar

Bergmann Drewe, S. (2002). The coach-athlete Relationship: How close is too close? Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 29(2), 174–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2002.9714633 Search in Google Scholar

Bissett, J. E., & Tamminen, K. A. (2022). Student-athlete disclosures of psychological distress: Exploring the experiences of university coaches and athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 34(2), 363–383. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2020.1753263 Search in Google Scholar

Black, S. J., & Weiss, M. R. (1992). The Relationship among perceived coaching behaviors, perception of ability, and motivation in competitive age-group swimmers. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 14, 309–325. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.14.3.309 Search in Google Scholar

Bruce, T. (2013). Reflections on communication and sport: On women and femininities. Communication & sport, 1(1–2), pp. 125–137. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479512472883 Search in Google Scholar

Çelik, S., & Gürcüoğlu, E. A. (2016). Generations and their relations in social processes. Security Strategy and Political Studies, 1(1), 117–127. Search in Google Scholar

Choi, H., Jeong, Y., & Kim, S. K. (2020). The Relationship between coaching behavior and athlete burnout: mediating effects of communication and the coach–athlete relationship. International Journal Of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(22), 8618. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228618 Search in Google Scholar

Cranmer, G. A., & Myers, S. A. (2015). Sports teams as organizations: A leader–member exchange perspective of player communication with coaches and teammates. Communication & Sport, 3(1), 100–118. https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795135204 Search in Google Scholar

Davis, L., & Jowett, S. (2014). Coach–athlete attachment and the quality of the coach–athlete relationship: Implications for athlete’s well-being. Journal of Sports Sciences,32(15), 1–1464. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.898183 Search in Google Scholar

Deci, E. L., Eghrari, H., Patrick, B. C., & Leone, D. R. (1994). Facilitating internalization: The self-determination theory perspective. Journal of Personality, 62(1), 119–142. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1994.tb00797.x Search in Google Scholar

Deci, E. L., Vallerand, R. J., Pelletier, L. G., & Ryan, R. M. (1991). Motivation and education: The self-determination perspective. Educational psychologist, 26(3–4), 325–346. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.1991.9653137 Search in Google Scholar

Demir, F. ve Kul, M. (2011). A modern research method: Q method. Ankara: Adalet Publications. Search in Google Scholar

Falcao, W. R., Bloom, G. A., & Sabiston, C. M. (2020). The impact of humanistic coach training on youth athletes’ development through sport. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 15(5–6), 610–620. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954120933975 Search in Google Scholar

Fetters, M. & Freshwater, D., (2015). The 1+1=3 integration challenge. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, Volume 9, pp. 115–117. https://doi.org/10.1177/15586898155946 Search in Google Scholar

Findlay, R. J., Macrae, E. H., Whyte, I. Y., Easton, C., & Forrest, L. J. (2020). How the menstrual cycle and menstruation affect sporting performance: experiences and perceptions of elite female rugby players. British journal of sports medicine, 54(18), 1108–1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-101486 Search in Google Scholar

Foulds, S. J., Hoffmann, S. M., Hinck, K., & Carson, F. (2019). The coach–athlete relationship in strength and conditioning: High-performance athletes’ perceptions. Sports, 7(12), 244. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7120244 Search in Google Scholar

Grolnick, W. S., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1997). Internalization within the family: The self-determination theory perspective. In J. E. Grusec & L. Kuczynski (Eds.), Parenting and children’s internalization of values: A handbook of contemporary theory (pp. 135–161). New York: Wiley. Search in Google Scholar

Höök, M., Bergström, M., Sæther, S. A., & McGawley, K. (2021). “Do elite sport first, get your period back later.” Are barriers to communication hindering female athletes? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(22), 12075. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212075 Search in Google Scholar

Jowett, S. (2005). On repairing and enhancing the coach-athlete Relationship. In S. Jowett &M. Jones (Eds.), Psychology of sports coaching(pp. 14–26). Leicester: The British Psychological Society. Search in Google Scholar

Jowett, S. (2007). Expanding the interpersonal dimension of coaching: closeness in the coach-athlete Relationship: a commentary. Int. J. Sports Sci. Coach. 2, 513–517. https://doi.org/10.1260/174795407783359632 Search in Google Scholar

Kassing, J. W., & Infante, D. A. (1999). Aggressive communication in the coach‐athlete Relationship. Communication Research Reports, 16(2), 110–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/08824099909388708 Search in Google Scholar

Kristiansen, E., Tomten, S. E., Hanstad, D. V., & Roberts, G. C. (2012). Coaching communication issues with elite female athletes: Two Norwegian case studies. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 22(6), e156–e167. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01521.x Search in Google Scholar

Laios, A. and Theodorakis, N. (2001). “Communication in Greek sports sciences,” Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 6 (2) 102–106. https://doi.org/10.1108/13563280110391025 Search in Google Scholar

López de Subijana, C., Martin, L. J., Ramos, J., & Côté, J. (2021). How coach leadership is related to the coach-athlete Relationship in elite sport. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 16(6), 1239–1246. https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541211021523 Search in Google Scholar

Lorimer, R., & Jowett, S. (2010). The influence of role and gender in the empathic accuracy of coaches and athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11(3), 206–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.12.001 Search in Google Scholar

Lundberg, A., de Leeuw, R., & Aliani, R. (2020). Using Q methodology: Sorting out subjectivity in educational research. Educational Research Review, 31, 100361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2020.100361 Search in Google Scholar

Mageau, G. A., & Vallerand, R. J. (2003). The coach–athlete relationship: A motivational model. Journal of sports science, 21(11), 883–904. https://doi.org/10.1080/0264041031000140374 Search in Google Scholar

Mason, R. J., Hart, L. M., Rossetto, A., & Jorm, A. F. (2015). Quality and predictors of adolescents׳ first aid intentions and actions towards a peer with a mental health problem. Psychiatry Research, 228(1), 31–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2015.03.036 Search in Google Scholar

Mikkelson, A. C., Sloan, D., & Hesse, C. (2017). The expression of dominance and perceptions of supervisor credibility in supervisor/employee relationships. Communication Research Reports, 34(4), 287–296. https://doi:10.1080/08824096.2017.1340265 Search in Google Scholar

Mikkelson, A.C., Sloan, D., & Hesse, C. (2019). Relational communication messages and leadership styles in supervisor/employee relationships. International Journal of Business Communication, 56(4), 586–604. https://doi.org/10.1177/2329488416687267 Search in Google Scholar

Norman, L. (2016). Is there a need for coaches to be more gender-responsive? A review of the evidence. International Sport Coaching Journal, 3(2), 192–196. https://doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2016-0032 Search in Google Scholar

Ntoumanis, N., Quested, E., Reeve, J., & Cheon, S. H. (2017). Need-supportive communication: Implications for motivation in sport, exercise, and physical activity. In Persuasion and communication in sport, exercise, and physical activity (pp. 155–169). Routledge. Search in Google Scholar

Parker, C., Scott, S., & Geddes, A. (2019). Snowball sampling. SAGE research methods foundations. Search in Google Scholar

Poczwardowski, A., Barott, J. E., & Henschen, K. P. (2002). The athlete and coach: Their Relationship and its meaning. Results of an interpretive study. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 33(1), 116–140. Search in Google Scholar

Rani, K. U. (2016). Communication barriers. Journal of English language and literature, 3(2), 74–76. Search in Google Scholar

Rhind, D. J., & Jowett, S. (2010). Relationship maintenance strategies in the coach-athlete Relationship: Developing the COMPASS Model. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 22(1), 106–121. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200903474472 Search in Google Scholar

Sagar, S. S., & Jowett, S. (2012). Communicative acts in coach– athlete interactions: When losing competitions and making mistakes in training. Western Journal of Communication, 76(2), 148–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/10570314.2011.651256 Search in Google Scholar

Simons, E. E., & Bird, M. D. (2022). Coach-athlete Relationship, social support, and sport-related psychological well-being in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student-athletes. Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education, pp. 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/19357397.2022.2060703 Search in Google Scholar

Smith, R. E., & Smoll, F. L. (2002). Way to go, coach! A scientifically-proven approach to youth sports coaching effectiveness. Warde Publishers. Search in Google Scholar

Solli, G. S., Sandbakk, S. B., Noordhof, D. A., Ihalainen, J. K., & Sandbakk, Ø. (2020). Changes in self-reported physical fitness, performance, and side effects across the menstrual cycle phases among competitive endurance athletes. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 15(9), 1324–1333. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0616 Search in Google Scholar

Stanford, J. R., Healy, L. C., Sarkar, M., & Johnston, J. P. (2022). Interpersonal perceptions of personality traits in elite coach-athlete dyads. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, p. 60, 102154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102154 Search in Google Scholar

Stephen, S. A., Habeeb, C. M., & Arthur, C. A. (2022). Congruence of efficacy beliefs on the coach-athlete Relationship and athlete anxiety: Athlete self-efficacy and coach estimation of athlete self-efficacy. Psychology of sport and exercise, p. 58, 102062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.102062 Search in Google Scholar

Tabachnick, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn &Bacon. Search in Google Scholar

Thomlinson, P., & Strachan, D. (1996). Power and ethics in coaching. National Coaching Certification Program. Ottawa: Coaching Association of Canada. Search in Google Scholar

Tomlinson, A., & Yorganci, I. (1997). Male coach/female athlete relations: Gender and power relations in competitive sport. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 21(2), 134–155. https://doi.org/10.1177/019372397021002003 Search in Google Scholar

Turman, P. D. (2008). Coaches’ immediacy behaviors predict athletes’ perceptions of satisfaction and team cohesion. Western Journal of Communication, 72(2), 162–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/10570310802038424 Search in Google Scholar

Wachsmuth, S., Jowett, S., & Harwood, C. G. (2022). Third-party interventions in coach-athlete conflict: Can sport psychology practitioners offer support? Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 34(1), 178–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2020.1723737 Search in Google Scholar

Watts, D. S., & Stenner, D. P. (2005). Making Q methodology: Theory, method, and interpretation. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 2, 67–91. Search in Google Scholar

Wekesser, M. M., Harris, B. S., Langdon, J., & Wilson Jr, C. H. (2021). Coaches’ impact on youth athletes’ intentions to continue sports participation: The mediational influence of the coach–athlete relationship. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 16(3), 490–499. https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541219918 Search in Google Scholar

Zabala, A., Sandbrook, C., & Mukherjee, N. (2018). When and how to use Q methodology to understand perspectives in conservation research. Conservation Biology, 32(5), 1185–1194. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13123 Search in Google Scholar