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Influence of cerium oxide nanoparticles on the tribological behavior of AA8090 aluminum alloy composites for aero, military, and marine industrial applications

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31 dic 2024

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Figure 1

(a) Composite preparation steps, (b) stir casting equipment, and (c) stir-casted pieces.
(a) Composite preparation steps, (b) stir casting equipment, and (c) stir-casted pieces.

Figure 2

Dimensions of tensile and wear specimens.
Dimensions of tensile and wear specimens.

Figure 3

Microhardness results of the AA8090/CeO2 composite.
Microhardness results of the AA8090/CeO2 composite.

Figure 4

Tensile strength results of the AA8090/CeO2 composite.
Tensile strength results of the AA8090/CeO2 composite.

Figure 5

(a) The wear rate of the AA8090/CeO2 composite with respect to load, and (b) the wear rate of the AA8090/CeO2 composite with respect to sliding velocity.
(a) The wear rate of the AA8090/CeO2 composite with respect to load, and (b) the wear rate of the AA8090/CeO2 composite with respect to sliding velocity.

Figure 6

(a) COF values of the AA8090/CeO2 composite with respect to load, (b) COF values of the AA8090/CeO2 composite with respect to sliding velocity, and (c) COF values of the AA8090/3.0 wt% CeO2 composite with respect to time.
(a) COF values of the AA8090/CeO2 composite with respect to load, (b) COF values of the AA8090/CeO2 composite with respect to sliding velocity, and (c) COF values of the AA8090/3.0 wt% CeO2 composite with respect to time.

Figure 7

Micrographs of worn-out surfaces of (a) AA8090 and (b) AA8090/3 wt% CeO2.
Micrographs of worn-out surfaces of (a) AA8090 and (b) AA8090/3 wt% CeO2.

Figure 8

Micrographs of (a) the fracture surface of AA8090, (b) fracture surface of AA8090/3 wt% CeO2, and (c) cross-sectional surface of AA8090/3 wt% CeO2.
Micrographs of (a) the fracture surface of AA8090, (b) fracture surface of AA8090/3 wt% CeO2, and (c) cross-sectional surface of AA8090/3 wt% CeO2.

Elements present in the AA8090 material [8]_

Composition Li Cu Mg Fe Zn Ti Zr Cr Mn Si Al
Weight (%) 2.6 1.3 0.6 0.3 0.25 0.1 0.01 0.1 0.1 0.2 Bal.

Wear test parameters_

Parameters Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Load (N) 10 20 30
Sliding speed (m/s) 0.5 1 1.5
Sliding distance (m) 1,000 1,000 1,000

Characteristics of the AA8090 material [8]_

Details Values
Density (g/cm3) 2.54
Hardness (HV) 158
Melting point (°C) 600
Modulus of elasticity (GPa) 77
Tensile strength (MPa) 515

Characteristics of the CeO2 particles [14]_

Details Values
Density (g/cm3) 7.6
Melting point (°C) 2,340
Vickers hardness (MPa) 270
Young’s modulus (GPa) 34
Molecular weight 172.12

Composite design details_

Composites AA8090 (wt%) CeO2 (wt%)
AA8090 100 0
AA8090/1.5 wt% CeO2 98.5 1.5
AA8090/3.0 wt% CeO2 97 3
AA8090/4.5 wt% CeO2 95.5 4.5