Residual fly ash from pyrometallurgical processes as a partial replacement for Portland cement in mortars: a study of structural evolution and determination of compressive strength
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Fig. 1.
X-ray diffraction diffractogram for residual fly ash powders
Fig. 2.
(a) Backscattered electron (BSE) image of typical residual fly ash spheres, (b) elemental spectrum (EDS), (c) particle size distribution
Fig. 3.
X-ray diffraction diffractogram for Portland cement CPC-30R
Fig. 4.
(a) Backscattered electron (BSE) image of Portland cement CPC-30R, (b) elemental spectrum (EDS), (c) particle size distribution
Fig. 5.
X-ray diffraction diffractogram for sand
Fig. 6.
(a) Back-scattered electron (BSE) image of sand; (b) Elemental spectrum (EDS)
Fig. 7.
X-ray diffraction diffractograms for standard mortar mixes (without Portland cement substitution) at 3, 7, and 14 days of curing time
Fig. 8.
X-ray diffraction diffractograms for the mortar mixtures (with Portland cement substitution of 10% residual fly ash) at 3, 7, 14 and 28 days of curing time
Fig. 9.
X-ray diffraction diffractograms for the mortar mixtures (with Portland cement substitution of 15% residual fly ash) at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days of curing time
Fig. 10.
SEM micrograph detail of: (a,b) samples of mortars substituting Portland cement for 0% residual fly ash; (c, d) samples of mortars substituting Portland cement for 10% residual fly ash; (e, f) samples of mortars substituting Portland cement for 15% residual fly ash
Fig. 11.
(a) Particles coated with hydration products; (b) smooth-surfaced particles; (c) particles with evidence of attack on their surface
Fig. 12.
Compressive strength (sc) of mortar samples with 0%, 10%, and 15% residual fly ash at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days
Physical properties of fly ash and Portland cement