Acceso abierto

Research on the effect of temperature increase during flow forming without cooling on 6060 aluminum alloy

Tomasz Gądek
Tomasz Gądek
 y 
Marcin Majewski
Marcin Majewski
   | 18 ene 2024
Materials Science-Poland's Cover Image
Acerca de este artículo
Artículo anterior
Artículo siguiente
Cite
Publicado en línea: 18 ene 2024
Páginas: 74 - 84
Recibido: 28 sept 2023
Aceptado: 26 nov 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0033
Palabras clave
© 2023 Tomasz Gądek et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Schematic of flow-forming process
Schematic of flow-forming process

Fig. 2.

Diagram of the flow forming process. The top half of the figure shows the trajectory of the rollers in one pass, while the bottom half of the figure shows the trajectory for 3-pass experiment
Diagram of the flow forming process. The top half of the figure shows the trajectory of the rollers in one pass, while the bottom half of the figure shows the trajectory for 3-pass experiment

Fig. 3.

The tensile curve for specimens deformed at the speed of v = 0.5-500 mm/min
The tensile curve for specimens deformed at the speed of v = 0.5-500 mm/min

Fig. 4.

Temperature distribution (°C) during the forming in 1 pass (left) and in the first pass of 3 passes experiment (right)
Temperature distribution (°C) during the forming in 1 pass (left) and in the first pass of 3 passes experiment (right)

Fig. 5.

The AA 6060 material after flow forming
The AA 6060 material after flow forming

Fig. 6.

The wall thickness distribution measured after 1-pass and 3-pass flow forming
The wall thickness distribution measured after 1-pass and 3-pass flow forming

Fig. 7.

A diagram showing the results of tensile testing of the specimens after 1-pass and 3-pass flow forming
A diagram showing the results of tensile testing of the specimens after 1-pass and 3-pass flow forming

Fig. 8.

Results of microhardness measurements on the pipe cross-section after the flow-forming process in 1 pass and 3 passes
Results of microhardness measurements on the pipe cross-section after the flow-forming process in 1 pass and 3 passes

Fig. 9.

The microhardness distribution over the thickness of the material formed
The microhardness distribution over the thickness of the material formed

Fig. 10.

The microstructure of the specimen after flow forming: (a) 1-pass experiment, (b) 3-pass experiment
The microstructure of the specimen after flow forming: (a) 1-pass experiment, (b) 3-pass experiment

Fig. 11.

Diagram of sample’s microstructure individual flow forming pass
Diagram of sample’s microstructure individual flow forming pass

Fig. 12.

The microstructure of the product after individual flow-forming passes
The microstructure of the product after individual flow-forming passes

Fig. 13.

The impact of temperatures 100, 200, 225, and 250°C on the microhardness of aluminum alloy 6060
The impact of temperatures 100, 200, 225, and 250°C on the microhardness of aluminum alloy 6060

A summary of the results of the flow forming of aluminum alloy 6060

No. Type of experiment t0 (mm) t1 (mm) Δt = t0 -11 (mm) Average Δt (mm) εt (%) Average εt(%)
1 1 pass 7.55 4.98 2.57 2.62 34% 35%
2 1 pass 7.7 4.96 2.74 36%
3 1 pass 7.6 5.04 2.56 34%
4 3 passes 7.55 4.54 3.01 3.04 40% 40%
5 3 passes 7.65 4.72 2.93 38%
6 3 passes 7.55 4.37 3.18 42%

The mechanical properties determined in the static tensile test

Tensile speed [mm/min] Rp0.2 ± URp0.2 [MPa] Rm ± URm [MPa] A50 mm ± UA50 mm [%] Z ± UZ [%]
0.5 137 ± 12 176 ± 12 20.1 ± 1.0 64.8 ± 2.5
5 137 ± 12 179 ± 12 19.4 ± 1.9 61.7 ± 4.4
50 135 ± 12 177 ± 12 20.9 ± 2.5 61.9 ± 6.5
500 141 ± 12 182 ± 12 16.6 ± 5.7 57.0 ± 3.7

Hardness properties of specimens after the flow forming

Distance from surface (mm) With cooling agent (HV) Without cooling agent (HV)
0.2 73.5 78.2
0.4 73.4 77.5
0.6 74.6 75.0
0.8 74.5 74.7
1.0 74.6 74.3

Strength properties of specimens after the forming

Number of forming passes Δt (mm) Rp0,2 (MPa) Rm (MPa) A50 mm (%) Z(%) HV
1 2.62 199–207 216–224 10.2–12.7 45.7–53.4 73.0
3 3.04 211–226 220–239 7.1–12.1 50.4–60.8 78.7

The chemical composition of the AA 6060 tested

Element Si Mg Fe Mn Cr Ti Cu Zn
Wt% 0.55 ± 0.03 0.381 ± 0.01 0.088 ± 0.02 0.063 ± 0.04 0.014 ± 0.00 >0.010 ± 0.00 0.002 ± 0.00 0.001 ± 0.00
eISSN:
2083-134X
Idioma:
Inglés
Calendario de la edición:
4 veces al año
Temas de la revista:
Materials Sciences, other, Nanomaterials, Functional and Smart Materials, Materials Characterization and Properties
RSS Feed de revista