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Features of the hot recycling method used to repair asphalt concrete pavements

Andrii Bieliatynskyi
Andrii Bieliatynskyi
, 
Shilin Yang
Shilin Yang
, 
Valerii Pershakov
Valerii Pershakov
, 
Meiyu Shao
Meiyu Shao
 y 
Mingyang Ta
Mingyang Ta
   | 07 sept 2022
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Publicado en línea: 07 sept 2022
Páginas: 181 - 195
Recibido: 26 abr 2022
Aceptado: 01 jul 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2022-0021
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© 2022 Andrii Bieliatynskyi et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Temperature dependence of the penetration rate of the binder: 1 – a binder based on bitumen with the fiber in the amount of 4% of the weight of granular asphalt; 2 – a binder based on bitumen with the fiber in the amount of 3% of the weight of granular asphalt; 3 – binder without fiber
Temperature dependence of the penetration rate of the binder: 1 – a binder based on bitumen with the fiber in the amount of 4% of the weight of granular asphalt; 2 – a binder based on bitumen with the fiber in the amount of 3% of the weight of granular asphalt; 3 – binder without fiber

Fig. 2

Dependence of the binder concentration on the thickness of the coating layer and the service life of 1%–8% bitumen in the mixture; 2–7%; 3–6%; 4–5%; 5–4%; 6–3%; 7–2%
Dependence of the binder concentration on the thickness of the coating layer and the service life of 1%–8% bitumen in the mixture; 2–7%; 3–6%; 4–5%; 5–4%; 6–3%; 7–2%

Fig. 3

Fiber
Fiber

Fig. 4

Model of receiving hopper for stabilizing additives. 1 – direction of additives loading; 2 – inlet opening; 3 – outlet opening
Model of receiving hopper for stabilizing additives. 1 – direction of additives loading; 2 – inlet opening; 3 – outlet opening

Fig. 5

Dependence of the indicators of the needle penetration depth into the bitumen on the content of the additive at 25°C
Dependence of the indicators of the needle penetration depth into the bitumen on the content of the additive at 25°C

Fig. 6

Dependence of the indicators of the needle penetration depth into bitumen on the content of the additive at 0°C
Dependence of the indicators of the needle penetration depth into bitumen on the content of the additive at 0°C

Fig. 7

Dependence of the indicators of the bitumen elongation on the content of the additive at 25°C
Dependence of the indicators of the bitumen elongation on the content of the additive at 25°C

Fig. 8

The dependence of water resistance kw and water resistance at long-term water saturation kws of the hot granular asphalt concrete on the content of fiber of fly ash at the optimum bitumen content
The dependence of water resistance kw and water resistance at long-term water saturation kws of the hot granular asphalt concrete on the content of fiber of fly ash at the optimum bitumen content

Fig. 9

Compressive strength R20 versus the content of fiber of fly ash at the optimal bitumen content
Compressive strength R20 versus the content of fiber of fly ash at the optimal bitumen content

Fig. 10

Compressive strength R50 versus the content of fiber of fly ash at the optimal bitumen content
Compressive strength R50 versus the content of fiber of fly ash at the optimal bitumen content

Grain size composition of the granular asphalt

Indicators Mesh size (mm)
20 15 10 5 2.5 1.25 0.63 0.315 0.16 0.071
Partial residuals (g) 32 8 88 160 120 52 100 140 116 52
Partial residuals (%) 3.40 0.85 9.36 17.0 12.7 5.53 10.6 14.8 12.3 5.53
Full passes (%) 96.6 75.7 66.3 49.3 36.3 21.0 20.4 5.5 3.2 0.67
Requirements according to standards 90–100 85–100 75–100 60–70 48–60 37–50 28–40 20–30 13–20 8–14

Physical and mechanical properties of the crushed granite

No. Indicator names Actual indicators DSTU B V.2.3-39 requirements
1 Content of crushed grains by weight (not less %) 85 85
2 Content of lamellar (flaky) and needle-shaped grains by weight (no more %) 15 15
3 Content of grains of weak rocks by weight (no more %) 2.8 5
4 Content of dust and clay particles by weight (no more %) 1 2
5 Clay content in lumps (% by weight, no more) None 0.25
6 Crushing grade (not less) 1,000 1,000
7 Attrition grade A1 A1
8 Frost resistance grade (not lower) F150 F150
9 Plasticity grade Pl1 Pl1–Pl2
10 Water resistance grade B1 B1–B2
11 Bulk density ρn (kg/m3) 1,318 -

Influence of the temperature of mixing (Tmix) on the physical and mechanical properties of the fiber-reinforced granular asphalt concrete

Indicator Temperature of preparation (°C)
Granular asphalt concrete with fiber Granular asphalt concrete
140 145 150 155 140 145 150 155
Compressive strength (MPa):
at 0°C, R0 8.07 8.64 8.35 8.21 7.59 8.2 7.89 7.76
at 20°C, R20 4.3 4.71 4.55 4.42 3.37 3.78 3.62 3.53
at 50°C, R50 1.7 1.9 1.83 1.79 1.04 1.19 1.85 1.82
Water resistance (kw) 0.89 0.96 0.93 0.92 0.8 0.87 0.84 0.84
Water resistance during long-term water saturation (kws) 0.81 0.87 0.84 0.82 0.74 0.8 0.7 0.76
Water saturation (W, % by volume) 2.28 2.2 2.16 2.1 2.68 2.72 2.97 2.99

Variants of restoration technology for asphalt concrete pavements

Condition of the pavement before restoration Methods of restoration
1. Hot regeneration with surface treatment 2. Traditional, leveling course (3 cm) and new pavement (6 cm)

Effect of the mixture temperature on the relative thermal conductivity, λ

Temperature Density of the mixture (t/m3)
1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4
50 0.94 0.94 0.95 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.97
70 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.0
90 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.03 1.03 1.03

Test results of hot granular asphalt concrete mixtures

Indicators First option Second option
Granular asphalt concrete with fiber Granular asphalt concrete Granular asphalt concrete with fiber Granular asphalt concrete
Compressive strength (MPa):
at 0°C, R0 4.52 4.01 4.54 4.07
at 20°C, R20 1.65 1.37 1.7 1.40
at 50°C, R50
Water resistance (kw) 0.96 0.83 0.94 0.84
Water resistance at long-term water saturation (kws) 0.84 0.72 0.8 0.70
Water saturation (W, % by volume) 2.1 2.41 2.35 2.4

Indicators of properties of the bitumen with additives

No. Indicator name, unit of measurement Additive content in bitumen (%) BND 60/90 Fiber
1 Needle penetration depth (0.1 mm)
at 25°C 0 76 -
at 0°C 23
2 - 47.0
23.4
3 - 40.2
25.8
4 - 37.4
25.3
5 - 36.3
23.3
2 Ring-and-ball softening point (°C) 0 50 -
2 - 64
4 - 67
5 - 75
7 - 78
3 Elongation (cm)
at 25°C 0 100 -
at 0°C 4.2
2 - 43.3
3.5
4 - 30.5
4.0
5 - 27.2
4.2
7 5.3
3.6
4 Brittleness point (°C) 0 −17 -
2 - −18
4 - −25
5 - −22
7 - −19

The composition of the granular asphalt concrete mixture

Mixture components Amount (%)
Granular asphalt 69.75
New crushed stone 30.22
Fiber of fly ash from TPP in China 4.0
Bitumen BND 60/90 3.0

Indicators of properties of oil road bitumen BND 60/90

No. Indicator name, unit of measurement Test result DSTU 4044 value for BND 60/90 grade
1 Needle penetration depth (0.1 mm)
at 25°C 76 From 61 to 90
at 0°C 23 Not less than 20
2 Ring-and-ball softening point (°C) 50 Not lower 47
3 Elongation (cm)
at 25°C 100 Not less than 55
at 0°C 4.5 Not less than 3.5
4 Brittleness point (°C) −17 Not higher than −15
5 Flash point (°C) 240 Not lower than 230
6 Change in softening point after progress (°C) 3.5 Not more 5
7 Penetration index −0.2 −1 to +1

Physical and mechanical indicators of the stone screening dust

No. Indicator names Actual indicators DSTU B V.2.3-39 requirements
1 True density (kg/m3) 2,628 -
2 Average density (kg/m3) 2,621 -
3 Bulk density (kg/m3) 1,540 -
4 Content of dust and clay particles, by weight (no more %) 0.96 2
5 Crushing grade (not less) 1,000 1,000
6 Attrition grade A1 A1
7 Frost resistance grade (not lower) F150 F150

Temperature of the hot granular asphalt concrete depending on the bitumen binder

Needle penetration depth, 0.1 mm, at 25°C Temperature (°C)
When unloading When laying, not less
40–60 incl. 150–160 140
60–90 incl. 145–150 145
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