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Figure 1
Meteorological and sounding stations, and other places in the area of WarsawSource: own study
Figure 2
Synoptic weather charts: 17 June 2016, 00:00 UTC and 12:00 UTCSource: National Weather Service (IMWM – NRI).
Figure 3
Bounded weak echo region signature, visible before tracking in Warsaw: 17 June 2016, 10:23 UTCSource: National Weather Service (IMWM – NRI)
Figure 4
PPI 0.5° product, supercell storm core over Warsaw, bounded by other convective cells: 17 June 2016, 11:03 UTCSource: National Weather Service (IMWM – NRI)
Figure 5
Interventions of the National Fire Service taken after several wind gusts on 17 June 2016Source: own study based on National Fire Service data
Figure 6
Damage in the central district of Warsaw: 17 June 2016Photo: Krzysztof Piasecki
Figure 7
Direction of the wind based on the direction of fall of the trees; fig. 7d: map of analysed areas: 17 June 2016Source: own study based on orthophotomap provided by geoportal.gov.pl.
Figure 8
Synoptic weather charts: 4 September 2016, 12:00 UTC and 5 September 2016, 00:00 UTCSource: National Weather Service (IMWM – NRI)
Figure 9
PPI 0.5° radar product between 17:33 and 18:53 UTC (a – 17:33, b – 17:53, c – 18:13, d – 18:33, e – 18:44, f – 18:53): 4 September 2016Source: National Weather Service (IMWM – NRI)
Figure 10
Shelf cloud in front of the forward flank downdraft (FFD) of the supercell storm approaching the central district of Warsaw: 4 September 2016, 18:55 UTCPhoto: Krzysztof Piasecki
Figure 11
PPI 0.5° and cross-section images of supercell storm before approaching Warsaw: 4 September 2016, 18:53 UTCSource: National Weather Service (IMWM – NRI)
Figure 12
Interventions of the National Fire Service taken after several wind gusts on 4 September 2016Source: own study based on National Fire Service data
Figure 13
Wind damage in Warsaw on 4 September 2016 – broken trees and damaged carsPhoto: Krzysztof Piasecki