Parameter | Age (days) | Group | SEM | P-value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HI-0 | HI-50 | HI-75 | HI-100 | ||||
BW (g) | 42 | 3046.0 |
2727.0 |
2504.5 |
2378.0 |
39.80 | <0.001 |
FCR (kg/kg) | 1–42 | 1.63 |
1.59 |
1.59 |
1.77 |
0.068 | 0.009 |
CM (%) | 1 – 42 | 3.15 |
5.20 |
7.20 |
28.20 |
0.62 | <0.001 |
Group | Mean size of particular T and B cell subpopulations as percentages of gated lymphocytes (± standard deviation) age of birds (days) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CD3+CD4+ | CD3+CD8a+ | CD4+CD8a+ | CD3−Bu-1+ | |||||
21 | 42 | 21 | 42 | 21 | 42 | 21 | 42 | |
HI-0 | 4.81 |
9.59 |
3.70 |
2.12 |
0.55 |
0.27 |
5.2 |
5.19 |
HI-50 | 5.09 |
7.22 |
3.95 |
2.20 |
0.39 |
0.22 |
5.49 |
5.08 |
HI-75 | 6.60 |
7.58 |
3.68 |
2.99 |
0.45 |
0.21 |
5.19 |
5.24 |
HI-100 | 5.67 |
6.59 |
2.34 |
3.27 |
0.46 |
0.24 |
5.09 |
5.58 |
Group | Titre age of birds (days) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aMPV | NDV | IBV | ||||
21 | 42 | 21 | 42 | 21 | 42 | |
HI-0 | 9 | 5 | 213 | 197 | 172 | 2,147 |
HI-50 | 5 | 1 | 287 | 108 | 140 | 877 |
HI-75 | 26 | 27 | 209 | 88 | 169 | 866 |
HI-100 | 5 | 25 | 368 | 117 | 133 | 918 |
Group | Parameter | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ALT |
AST |
ALP |
TP |
CK |
LDH |
CALC |
PHOS |
UA |
|
HI-0 | 14.50 |
428.00 |
9,020.00 |
3.01 |
28,086.00 |
4,679.00 |
11.14 |
7.09 |
4.60 |
HI-50 | 11.70 |
338.00 |
5,668.00 |
3.16 |
15,321.00 |
2,843.00 |
11.35 |
6.49 |
6.66 |
HI-75 | 12.30 |
265.00 |
6,662.00 |
3.27 |
13,469.00 |
2,206.00 |
12.61 |
5.73 |
6.70 |
HI-100 | 10.70 |
278.00 |
5,575.00 |
3.21 |
14,805.00 |
2,280.00 |
11.95 |
5.80 |
6.78 |
Group | Mean size of particular T and B cell subpopulations as percentages of gated lymphocytes (± standard deviation) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
CD3+CD4+ | CD3+CD8a+ | CD4+CD8a+ | CD3−Bu-1+ | |
HI-0 | 30.91 |
49.14 |
2.16 |
13.92 |
HI-50 | 25.18 |
51.14 |
2.17 |
14.86 |
HI-75 | 23.06 |
55.48 |
1.81 |
13.03 |
HI-100 | 22.70 |
55.98 |
1.95 |
14.51 |
Group | Parameter | Leukogram (%) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RBC |
WBC |
Hb |
PCV |
Lymphocytes | Granulocytes | Monocytes | |||
Heterophils | Eosinophils | Basophils | |||||||
HI-0 | 1.92 |
29.60 |
9.34 |
25.40 |
53.60 |
39.60 |
0.60 |
1.20 |
5.20 |
HI-50 | 1.56 |
26.70 |
9.1 |
25.60 |
57.40 |
37.00 |
0.80 |
2.20 |
3.00 |
HI-75 | 1.22 |
18.2 |
9.38 |
26.60 |
60.20 |
34.00 |
0.80 |
1.80 |
3.20 |
HI-100 | 1.58 |
20.90 |
8.82 |
24.20 |
55.80 |
37.80 |
0.90 |
1.60 |
4.80 |
Group | Parameter | Leukogram (%) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RBC |
WBC |
Hb |
PCV |
Lymphocytes | Granulocytes | Monocytes | |||
Heterophils | Eosinophils | Basophils | |||||||
HI-0 | 2.02 |
10.40 |
11.26 |
30.80 |
26.30 |
77.40 |
0.40 |
0.20 |
4.20 |
HI-50 | 1.40 |
17.60 |
9.84 |
26.40 |
34.00 |
62.20 |
0.30 |
0.10 |
3.8 |
HI-75 | 1.48 |
11.70 |
9.48 |
25.60 |
29.60 |
73.40 |
0.30 |
0.20 |
4.6 |
HI-100 | 1.34 |
17.50 |
10.28 |
27.80 |
25.30 |
42.80 |
0.50 |
0.30 |
3.8 |
Ingredients | % |
---|---|
Dry matter | 93.20 |
Crude protein | 40.76 |
Crude fat | 29.38 |
Crude fibre | 6.65 |
Crude ash | 6.94 |
Ca | 1.38 |
Na | 0.23 |
Total P | 0.78 |
Energy value | MJ/kg |
Gross energy | 24.81 |
AMEN | 18.16 |
Item | Diet | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Starter (1–14 dol) | Grower (15–35 dol) | Finisher (36–42 dol) | |||||||||||
HI-0 | HI-50 | HI-75 | HI-100 | HI-0 | HI-50 | HI-75 | HI-100 | HI-0 | HI-50 | HI-75 | HI-100 | ||
Substitution |
0 | 50 | 75 | 100 | 0 | 50 | 75 | 100 | 0 | 50 | 75 | 100 | |
Ingredients | |||||||||||||
Corn | 300.0 | 300.0 | 300.0 | 300.0 | 300.0 | 300.0 | 300.0 | 300.0 | 200.0 | 200.0 | 200.0 | 200.0 | |
Wheat | 288.0 | 303.6 | 288.1 | 274.6 | 315.6 | 330.3 | 319.0 | 311.2 | 467.6 | 494.6 | 489.6 | 484.1 | |
Soybean meal | 340.0 | 170.0 | 85.0 | 0.0 | 300.0 | 150.0 | 75.0 | 0.0 | 240.0 | 120.0 | 60.0 | 0.0 | |
Soybean oil | 30.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 45.0 | 25.0 | 30.0 | 25.0 | 55.0 | 35.0 | 30.0 | 25.0 | |
HI larvae meal | 0.0 | 200.0 | 300.0 | 400.0 | 0.0 | 170.0 | 250.0 | 340.0 | 0.0 | 130.0 | 200.0 | 270.0 | |
Monocalcium phosphate | 15.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 13.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 12.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | |
Fodder chalk | 12.5 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 4.0 | 12.5 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 4.0 | 12.5 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | |
Sodium bicarbonate | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
Fodder salt | 2.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
L-Lysine HCl | 2.5 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 6.0 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 5.7 | 6.5 | 1.8 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 4.0 | |
DL-Methionine | 2.4 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
L-Threonine | 0.2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
Choline chloride | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
Mineral-vitamin premix |
5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | |
Calculated nutrient content | |||||||||||||
AMEN, kcal/kg | 3,000 | 3,000 | 3,000 | 3,000 | 3,120 | 3,120 | 3,120 | 3,120 | 3,180 | 3,180 | 3,180 | 3,180 | |
Total protein |
233.6 | 238.1 | 237.8 | 237.2 | 213.8 | 218.2 | 214.9 | 216.3 | 196.1 | 192.5 | 194.5 | 195.0 | |
Lysine |
13.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 11.7 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |
Methionine |
6.3 | 6.4 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.0 | |
Met+ Cys |
10.1 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.3 | 9.5 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 7.5 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.7 | |
Threonine |
8.2 | 8.2 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 8.2 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.1 | |
Tryptophan |
2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | |
Crude fibre |
28.8 | 32.4 | 31.3 | 34.2 | 27.8 | 35.3 | 35.6 | 35.8 | 27.8 | 30.5 | 31.7 | 31.2 | |
Crude fat |
50.3 | 74.0 | 93.5 | 131.5 | 64.9 | 75.6 | 105.7 | 125.7 | 75.8 | 82.2 | 104.3 | 119.1 | |
Total calcium |
10.0 | 10.0 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.6 | 8.6 | |
Available phosphate |
4.8 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | |
Na |
1.7 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 |
Group | Parameter | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ALT |
AST |
ALP |
TP |
CK |
LDH |
CALC |
PHOS |
UA |
|
HI-0 | 9.80 |
239.00 |
29,881.00 |
2.60 |
4,966.00 |
1,780.00 |
11.43 |
7.81 |
6.75 |
HI-50 | 9.21 |
177.00 |
39,223.00 |
2.69 |
2,058.00 |
1,502.00 |
12.27 |
4.45 |
8.80 |
HI-75 | 8.69 |
163.00 |
33,367.00 |
2.71 |
2,104.00 |
1,419.00 |
12.33 |
6.06 |
8.41 |
HI-100 | 8.93 |
169.00 |
19,175.00 |
2.64 |
2,021.00 |
1,588.00 |
12.58 |
6.13 |
10.10 |