Nephrin and podocin mRNA detection in urine sediment of dogs with chronic kidney disease: preliminary observations

1Bartges J.W.: Chronic kidney disease in dogs and cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2012, 42, 669–692, doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2012.04.008. Bartges J.W. Chronic kidney disease in dogs and cats Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2012 42 669 692 10.1016/j.cvsm.2012.04.00822720808Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

2Bradley M.S., Boudreau M.H., Grenier C., Huang Z., Murphy S.K., Siddiqui N.Y.: Urine RNA Processing in a Clinical Setting: Comparison of Three Protocols. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2019, 25, 247–251, doi: 10.1097/SPV.0000000000000525. Bradley M.S. Boudreau M.H. Grenier C. Huang Z. Murphy S.K. Siddiqui N.Y. Urine RNA Processing in a Clinical Setting: Comparison of Three Protocols Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2019 25 247 251 10.1097/SPV.0000000000000525597510029194081Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

3Bragato N., Borges N.C., Fioravanti M.C.S.: B-mode and Doppler ultrasound of chronic kidney disease in dogs and cats. Vet Res Commun 2017, 41, 307–315, doi: 10.1007/s11259-017-9694-9. Bragato N. Borges N.C. Fioravanti M.C.S. B-mode and Doppler ultrasound of chronic kidney disease in dogs and cats Vet Res Commun 2017 41 307 315 10.1007/s11259-017-9694-928634673Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

4Chagnac A., Zingerman B., Rozen-Zvi B., Herman-Edelstein M.: Consequences of glomerular hyperfiltration: the role of physical forces in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease in diabetes and obesity. Nephron 2019, 143, 38–42, doi: 10.1159/000499486. Chagnac A. Zingerman B. Rozen-Zvi B. Herman-Edelstein M. Consequences of glomerular hyperfiltration: the role of physical forces in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease in diabetes and obesity Nephron 2019 143 38 42 10.1159/00049948630947190Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

5Coady M., Fletcher D.J., Goggs R.: Severity of ionized hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia is associated with etiology in dogs and cats. Front Vet Sci 2019, 6, e276, doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00276. Coady M. Fletcher D.J. Goggs R. Severity of ionized hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia is associated with etiology in dogs and cats Front Vet Sci 2019 6 e276 10.3389/fvets.2019.00276671461231508432Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

6Crivellenti L.Z., Borin‐Crivellenti S., Fertal K.L., Contin C.M., Miranda C.M., Santana A.E.: Occult gastrointestinal bleeding is a common finding in dogs with chronic kidney disease. Vet Clin Pathol 2017, 46, 132–137, doi: 10.1111/vcp.12461. Crivellenti L.Z. Borin‐Crivellenti S. Fertal K.L. Contin C.M. Miranda C.M. Santana A.E. Occult gastrointestinal bleeding is a common finding in dogs with chronic kidney disease Vet Clin Pathol 2017 46 132 137 10.1111/vcp.1246128186645Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

7De Medeiros Torres M., Chitarra C.S., Nakazato L., de Almeida A.B.P.F., Sousa V.R.F.: Nephrin gene expression in chronic kidney disease of dogs with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi. Braz J Infect Dis 2016, 20, 516–518, doi: 10.1016/j.bjid.2016.07.008. De Medeiros Torres M. Chitarra C.S. Nakazato L. de Almeida A.B.P.F. Sousa V.R.F. Nephrin gene expression in chronic kidney disease of dogs with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi Braz J Infect Dis 2016 20 516 518 10.1016/j.bjid.2016.07.00827527562Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

8Dunaevich A., Chen H., Musseri D., Kuzi S., Mazaki‐Tovi M., Aroch I., Segev G.: Acute on chronic kidney disease in dogs: Etiology, clinical and clinicopathologic findings, prognostic markers, and survival. J Vet Intern Med 2020, 34, 2507–2515, doi: 10.1111/jvim.15931. Dunaevich A. Chen H. Musseri D. Kuzi S. Mazaki‐Tovi M. Aroch I. Segev G. Acute on chronic kidney disease in dogs: Etiology, clinical and clinicopathologic findings, prognostic markers, and survival J Vet Intern Med 2020 34 2507 2515 10.1111/jvim.15931769483133044036Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

9Endlich N., Lange T., Kuhn J., Klemm P., Kotb A.M., Siegerist F., Kindt F., Lindenmeyer M.T., Cohen C.D., Kuss A.W., Nath N., Retting R., Lendeckel U., Zimmermann U., Amann K., Stracke S., Endlich K.: BDNF: mRNA expression in urine cells of patients with chronic kidney disease and its role in kidney function. J Cell Mol Med 2018, 22, 5265–5277, doi: 10.1111/jcmm.13762. Endlich N. Lange T. Kuhn J. Klemm P. Kotb A.M. Siegerist F. Kindt F. Lindenmeyer M.T. Cohen C.D. Kuss A.W. Nath N. Retting R. Lendeckel U. Zimmermann U. Amann K. Stracke S. Endlich K. BDNF: mRNA expression in urine cells of patients with chronic kidney disease and its role in kidney function J Cell Mol Med 2018 22 5265 5277 10.1111/jcmm.13762620137130133147Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

10Fukuda A., Minakawa A., Kikuchi M., Sato Y., Nagatomo M., Nakamura S., Mizoguchi T., Fukunaga N., Shibata H., Naik A.S., Wiggins R.C., Fujimoto S.: Urinary podocyte mRNAs precede microalbuminuria as a progression risk marker in human type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Sci Rep 2020, 10, 1–11, doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-75320-1. Fukuda A. Minakawa A. Kikuchi M. Sato Y. Nagatomo M. Nakamura S. Mizoguchi T. Fukunaga N. Shibata H. Naik A.S. Wiggins R.C. Fujimoto S. Urinary podocyte mRNAs precede microalbuminuria as a progression risk marker in human type 2 diabetic nephropathy Sci Rep 2020 10 1 11 10.1038/s41598-020-75320-1758459533097787Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

11Green M.R., Sambrook J.: Precipitation of RNA with Ethanol. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2020, doi: 10.1101/pdb.prot101717. Green M.R. Sambrook J. Precipitation of RNA with Ethanol Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2020 10.1101/pdb.prot10171732123016Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

12Guo Y., Pace J., Li Z., Ma’ayan A., Wang Z., Revelo M.P., Chen E., Gu X., Attalah A., Yang Y., Estrada C., Yang V.W., He J.C., Mallipattu S.K.: Podocyte-specific induction of Krüppel-like factor 15 restores differentiation markers and attenuates kidney injury in proteinuric kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018, 29, 2529–2545, doi: 10.1681/ASN.2018030324. Guo Y. Pace J. Li Z. Ma’ayan A. Wang Z. Revelo M.P. Chen E. Gu X. Attalah A. Yang Y. Estrada C. Yang V.W. He J.C. Mallipattu S.K. Podocyte-specific induction of Krüppel-like factor 15 restores differentiation markers and attenuates kidney injury in proteinuric kidney disease J Am Soc Nephrol 2018 29 2529 2545 10.1681/ASN.2018030324617127530143559Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

13Helal I., Fick-Brosnahan G.M., Reed-Gitomer B., Schrier R.W.: Glomerular hyperfiltration: definitions, mechanisms and clinical implications. Nat Rev Nephrol 2012, 8, 293–300, doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2012.19. Helal I. Fick-Brosnahan G.M. Reed-Gitomer B. Schrier R.W. Glomerular hyperfiltration: definitions, mechanisms and clinical implications Nat Rev Nephrol 2012 8 293 300 10.1038/nrneph.2012.1922349487Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

14Ichii O., Yabuki A., Sasaki N., Otsuka S., Ohta H., Yamasaki M., Takiguchi M., Nami Y., Hashimoto Y., Endoh D., Kon Y.: Pathological correlations between podocyte injuries and renal functions in canine and feline chronic kidney diseases. Histol Histopathol 2011, 26, 1243–1255, doi: 10.14670/HH-26.1243. Ichii O. Yabuki A. Sasaki N. Otsuka S. Ohta H. Yamasaki M. Takiguchi M. Nami Y. Hashimoto Y. Endoh D. Kon Y. Pathological correlations between podocyte injuries and renal functions in canine and feline chronic kidney diseases Histol Histopathol 2011 26 1243 1255 10.14670/HH-26.124321870328Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

15International Renal Interest Society: IRIS Staging of CKD (modified 2019). International Renal Interest Society, Cambridge, 2019. http://www.iris-kidney.com/pdf/IRIS_Staging_of_CKD_modified_2019.pdf International Renal Interest Society IRIS Staging of CKD (modified 2019) International Renal Interest Society Cambridge 2019 http://www.iris-kidney.com/pdf/IRIS_Staging_of_CKD_modified_2019.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

16Khan T.M., Khan K.N.M.: Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Vet Pathol 2015, 52, 441–444, doi: 10.1177/0300985814568358. Khan T.M. Khan K.N.M. Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease Vet Pathol 2015 52 441 444 10.1177/030098581456835825617343Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

17Medyńska A., Chrzanowska J., Kościelska-Kasprzak K., Bartoszek D., Żabińska M., Zwolińska D.: Alpha-1 Acid Glycoprotein and Podocin mRNA as Novel Biomarkers for Early Glomerular Injury in Obese Children. J Clin Med 2021, 10, 4129, doi: 10.3390/jcm10184129. Medyńska A. Chrzanowska J. Kościelska-Kasprzak K. Bartoszek D. Żabińska M. Zwolińska D. Alpha-1 Acid Glycoprotein and Podocin mRNA as Novel Biomarkers for Early Glomerular Injury in Obese Children J Clin Med 2021 10 4129 10.3390/jcm10184129847231434575240Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

18Monteiro M.B., Santos-Bezerra D.P., Thieme K., Passarelli M., Machado U.F., Lin C.J., Corrêa-Giannella M.L.: Optimization of total RNA isolation from human urinary sediment. Clin Chim Acta 2016, 462, 158–161, doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.09.018. Monteiro M.B. Santos-Bezerra D.P. Thieme K. Passarelli M. Machado U.F. Lin C.J. Corrêa-Giannella M.L. Optimization of total RNA isolation from human urinary sediment Clin Chim Acta 2016 462 158 161 10.1016/j.cca.2016.09.01827666760Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

19Nagata D., Hishida E., Masuda T.: Practical Strategy for Treating Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)-Associated with Hypertension. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2020, 13, 171–178, doi: 10.2147/IJNRD.S259931. Nagata D. Hishida E. Masuda T. Practical Strategy for Treating Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)-Associated with Hypertension Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2020 13 171 178 10.2147/IJNRD.S259931735408332753932Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

20Neal C.R.: Podocytes… What’s under yours? (Podocytes and foot processes and how they change in nephropathy). Front Endocrinol 2015, 6, e9, doi: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00009. Neal C.R. Podocytes… What’s under yours? (Podocytes and foot processes and how they change in nephropathy) Front Endocrinol 2015 6 e9 10.3389/fendo.2015.00009433738425755650Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

21O’Neill D.G., Elliott J., Church D.B., McGreevy P.D., Thomson P.C., Brodbelt D.C.: Chronic kidney disease in dogs in UK veterinary practices: prevalence, risk factors, and survival. J Vet Int Med 2013, 27, 814–821, doi: 10.1111/jvim.12090. O’Neill D.G. Elliott J. Church D.B. McGreevy P.D. Thomson P.C. Brodbelt D.C. Chronic kidney disease in dogs in UK veterinary practices: prevalence, risk factors, and survival J Vet Int Med 2013 27 814 821 10.1111/jvim.1209023647231Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

22O’Neill W.C.: Targeting serum calcium in chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease: is normal too high? Kidney Int 2016, 89, 40–45, doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2015.10.001. O’Neill W.C. Targeting serum calcium in chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease: is normal too high? Kidney Int 2016 89 40 45 10.1016/j.kint.2015.10.00126759046Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

23Perondi F., Lippi I., Marchetti V., Bruno B., Borrelli A., Citi S.: How Ultrasound Can Be Useful for Staging Chronic Kidney Disease in Dogs: Ultrasound Findings in 855 Cases. Vet Sci 2020, 7, e147, doi: 10.3390/vetsci7040147. Perondi F. Lippi I. Marchetti V. Bruno B. Borrelli A. Citi S. How Ultrasound Can Be Useful for Staging Chronic Kidney Disease in Dogs: Ultrasound Findings in 855 Cases Vet Sci 2020 7 e147 10.3390/vetsci7040147771228033019496Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

24Rudinsky A.J., Harjes L.M., Byron J., Chew D.J., Toribio R.E., Langston C., Parker V.J.: Factors associated with survival in dogs with chronic kidney disease. J Vet Int Med 2018, 32, 1977– 1982, doi: 10.1111/jvim.15322. Rudinsky A.J. Harjes L.M. Byron J. Chew D.J. Toribio R.E. Langston C. Parker V.J. Factors associated with survival in dogs with chronic kidney disease J Vet Int Med 2018 32 1977–1982 10.1111/jvim.15322627131230325060Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

25Sato Y., Wharram B.L., Lee S.K., Wickman L., Goyal M., Venkatareddy M., Chang J.W., Wiggins J.E., Lienczewski C., Kretzler M., Wiggins R.C.: Urine podocyte mRNAs mark progression of renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009, 20, 1041– 1052, doi: 10.1681/ASN.2007121328. Sato Y. Wharram B.L. Lee S.K. Wickman L. Goyal M. Venkatareddy M. Chang J.W. Wiggins J.E. Lienczewski C. Kretzler M. Wiggins R.C. Urine podocyte mRNAs mark progression of renal disease J Am Soc Nephrol 2009 20 1041–1052 10.1681/ASN.2007121328267804519389856Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

26Siwińska N., Pasławska U., Bąchor R., Szczepankiewicz B., Żak A., Grocholska P., Szewczuk Z.: Evaluation of podocin in urine in horses using qualitative and quantitative methods. PLOS One 2020, 15, e0240586, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240586. Siwińska N. Pasławska U. Bąchor R. Szczepankiewicz B. Żak A. Grocholska P. Szewczuk Z. Evaluation of podocin in urine in horses using qualitative and quantitative methods PLOS One 2020 15 e0240586 10.1371/journal.pone.0240586756118933057359Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

27Szczepankiewicz B., Bąchor R., Pasławski R., Siwińska N., Pasławska U., Konieczny A., Szewczuk Z.: Evaluation of tryptic podocin peptide in urine sediment using LC-MS-MRM method as a potential biomarker of glomerular injury in dogs with clinical signs of renal and cardiac disorders. Molecules 2019, 24, e3088, doi: 10.3390/molecules24173088. Szczepankiewicz B. Bąchor R. Pasławski R. Siwińska N. Pasławska U. Konieczny A. Szewczuk Z. Evaluation of tryptic podocin peptide in urine sediment using LC-MS-MRM method as a potential biomarker of glomerular injury in dogs with clinical signs of renal and cardiac disorders Molecules 2019 24 e3088 10.3390/molecules24173088674942331454880Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

28Szczepankiewicz B., Pasławska U., Pasławski R., Gębarowski T., Zasada W., Michałek M., Noszczyk-Nowak A.: The urine podocin/creatinine ratio as a novel biomarker of cardiorenal syndrome in dogs due to degenerative mitral valve disease. J Physiol Pharmacol 2019, 70, 2, 229–238, doi: 10.26402/jpp.2019.2.06. Szczepankiewicz B. Pasławska U. Pasławski R. Gębarowski T. Zasada W. Michałek M. Noszczyk-Nowak A. The urine podocin/creatinine ratio as a novel biomarker of cardiorenal syndrome in dogs due to degenerative mitral valve disease J Physiol Pharmacol 2019 70 2 229–238 10.26402/jpp.2019.2.0631356184Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

29Trimarchi H.: Podocyturia: What is in a name? J Transl Intern Med 2015, 3, 51–56, doi: 10.1515/jtim-2015-0003. Trimarchi H. Podocyturia: What is in a name? J Transl Intern Med 2015 3 51 56 10.1515/jtim-2015-0003493644827847887Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

30Untergasser A., Nijveen H., Rao X., Bisseling T., Geurts R., Leunissen J.A.M.: Primer3Plus, an enhanced web interface to Primer3. Nucleic Acids Res 2007, 35, W71–W74, doi: 10.1093/nar/gkm306. Untergasser A. Nijveen H. Rao X. Bisseling T. Geurts R. Leunissen J.A.M. Primer3Plus, an enhanced web interface to Primer3 Nucleic Acids Res 2007 35 W71 W74 10.1093/nar/gkm306193313317485472Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

31Vogelmann S.U., Nelson W.J., Myers B.D., Lemley K.V.: Urinary excretion of viable podocytes in health and renal disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2003, 285, F40–F48, doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00404.2002. Vogelmann S.U. Nelson W.J. Myers B.D. Lemley K.V. Urinary excretion of viable podocytes in health and renal disease Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2003 285 F40 F48 10.1152/ajprenal.00404.2002336860212631553Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

32Watson A.D.J., Lefebvre H.P., Elliott J.: Using urine specific gravity (revised 2015). International Renal Interest Society, Cambridge, 2015. http://www.iris-kidney.com/education/urine_specific_gravity.html Watson A.D.J. Lefebvre H.P. Elliott J. Using urine specific gravity (revised 2015) International Renal Interest Society Cambridge 2015 http://www.iris-kidney.com/education/urine_specific_gravity.htmlSearch in Google Scholar

33Wickman L., Afshinnia F., Wang S.Q., Yang Y., Wang F., Chowdhury M., Graham D., Hawkins J., Nishizono R., Tanzer M., Wiggins J.E., Escobar G.A., Rovin B., Song P., Gipson D., Kershaw D., Wiggins R.C.: Urine podocyte mRNAs, proteinuria, and progression in human glomerular diseases. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013, 24, 2081–2095, doi: 10.1681/ASN.2013020173. Wickman L. Afshinnia F. Wang S.Q. Yang Y. Wang F. Chowdhury M. Graham D. Hawkins J. Nishizono R. Tanzer M. Wiggins J.E. Escobar G.A. Rovin B. Song P. Gipson D. Kershaw D. Wiggins R.C. Urine podocyte mRNAs, proteinuria, and progression in human glomerular diseases J Am Soc Nephrol 2013 24 2081 2095 10.1681/ASN.2013020173383955124052633Open DOISearch in Google Scholar