<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec id="j_jvetres-2021-0034_s_005">
<h3>Introduction</h3>
<p>H7N9 avian influenza has broken out in Chinese poultry 10 times since 2013 and impacted the industry severely. Although the epidemic is currently under control, there is still a latent threat.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2021-0034_s_006">
<h3>Material and Methods</h3>
<p>Epidemiological surveillance data for non-human H7N9 avian influenza from April 2013 to April 2020 were used to analyse the regional distribution and spatial correlations of positivity rates in different months and years and before and after comprehensive immunisation. In addition, positivity rate monitoring data were disaggregated into a low-frequency and a high-frequency trend sequence by wavelet packet decomposition (WPD). The particle swarm optimisation algorithm was adopted to optimise the least squares support-vector machine (LS-SVM) model parameters to predict the low-frequency trend sequence, and the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was used to predict the high-frequency one. Ultimately, an LS-SVM-ARIMA combined model based on WPD was constructed.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2021-0034_s_007">
<h3>Results</h3>
<p>The virus positivity rate was the highest in late spring and early summer, and overall it fell significantly after comprehensive immunisation. Except for the year 2015 and the single month of December from 2013 to 2020, there was no significant spatiotemporal clustering in cumulative non-human H7N9 avian influenza virus detections. Compared with the ARIMA and LS-SVM models, the LS-SVM-ARIMA combined model based on WPD had the highest prediction accuracy. The mean absolute and root mean square errors were 2.4% and 2.0%, respectively.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2021-0034_s_008">
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>Low error measures prove the validity of this new prediction method and the combined model could be used for inference of future H7N9 avian influenza virus cases. Live poultry markets should be closed in late spring and early summer, and comprehensive H7N9 immunisation continued.</p></sec>
</abstract>

Introduction
H7N9 avian influenza has broken out in Chinese poultry 10 times since 2013 and impacted the industry severely. Although the epidemic is currently under control, there is still a latent threat.

Material and Methods
Epidemiological surveillance data for non-human H7N9 avian influenza from April 2013 to April 2020 were used to analyse the regional distribution and spatial correlations of positivity rates in different months and years and before and after comprehensive immunisation. In addition, positivity rate monitoring data were disaggregated into a low-frequency and a high-frequency trend sequence by wavelet packet decomposition (WPD). The particle swarm optimisation algorithm was adopted to optimise the least squares support-vector machine (LS-SVM) model parameters to predict the low-frequency trend sequence, and the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was used to predict the high-frequency one. Ultimately, an LS-SVM-ARIMA combined model based on WPD was constructed.

Results
The virus positivity rate was the highest in late spring and early summer, and overall it fell significantly after comprehensive immunisation. Except for the year 2015 and the single month of December from 2013 to 2020, there was no significant spatiotemporal clustering in cumulative non-human H7N9 avian influenza virus detections. Compared with the ARIMA and LS-SVM models, the LS-SVM-ARIMA combined model based on WPD had the highest prediction accuracy. The mean absolute and root mean square errors were 2.4% and 2.0%, respectively.

Conclusion
Low error measures prove the validity of this new prediction method and the combined model could be used for inference of future H7N9 avian influenza virus cases. Live poultry markets should be closed in late spring and early summer, and comprehensive H7N9 immunisation continued.

Regional distribution of non-human H7N9 avian influenza virus detections in China and construction of a predictive model

Journal of Veterinary Research

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Introduction
H7N9 avian influenza has broken out in Chinese poultry 10 times since 2013 and impacted the industry severely. Although the epidemic is currently...

Regional distribution of non-human H7N9 avian influenza virus detections in China and construction of a predictive model

Publicado en línea: 05 jul 2021

Páginas: 253 - 264

Recibido: 04 ene 2021

Aceptado: 10 jun 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2021-0034

Palabras clave
epidemiological survey, aetiological virus detection monitoring, wavelet packet decomposition, LS-SVM-ARIMA model, PSO algorithm

© 2021 Z. Huang et al. published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Regional distribution of non-human H7N9 avian influenza virus detections in China and construction of a predictive model

Publicado en línea: 05 jul 2021

Páginas: 253 - 264

Recibido: 04 ene 2021

Aceptado: 10 jun 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2021-0034

Palabras claveepidemiological survey, aetiological virus detection monitoring, wavelet packet decomposition, LS-SVM-ARIMA model, PSO algorithm

© 2021 Z. Huang et al. published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Palabras clave
epidemiological survey, aetiological virus detection monitoring, wavelet packet decomposition, LS-SVM-ARIMA model, PSO algorithm