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Antimicrobial resistance and virulence factor gene profiles of Enterococcus spp. isolated from giant panda oral cavities

Rui Zhong

Rui Zhong

College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of SichuanChengdu, China
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Zhong, Rui
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Ziyao Zhou

Ziyao Zhou

College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of SichuanChengdu, China
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Zhou, Ziyao
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Haifeng Liu

Haifeng Liu

College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of SichuanChengdu, China
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Liu, Haifeng
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Zhijun Zhong

Zhijun Zhong

College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of SichuanChengdu, China
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Zhong, Zhijun
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Guangneng Peng

Guangneng Peng

College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of SichuanChengdu, China
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Peng, Guangneng
  
08 jun 2021
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Publicado en línea: 08 jun 2021
Páginas: 147 - 154
Recibido: 20 oct 2020
Aceptado: 14 may 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2021-0030
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© 2021 R. Zhong et al. published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

Resistance rates of 54 E. faecalis and 54 E. faecium strains to 10 antibiotics P – penicillin; GM120 – gentamicin (120μg); E – erythromycin; VA – vancomycin; LZD – linezolid; CIP – ciprofloxacin;S300 – streptomycin (300μg); AM – ampicillin; TE – tetracycline; LEV – levofloxacin
Resistance rates of 54 E. faecalis and 54 E. faecium strains to 10 antibiotics P – penicillin; GM120 – gentamicin (120μg); E – erythromycin; VA – vancomycin; LZD – linezolid; CIP – ciprofloxacin;S300 – streptomycin (300μg); AM – ampicillin; TE – tetracycline; LEV – levofloxacin

Fig. 3

Presence of E. faecalis and E. faecium resistance genes tetL, tetC, tetM, and tetA – tetracycline resistance genes; ermA, ermB, and ermC – erythromycin resistance genes; blaZ and blaTEM – β-lactam resistance genes; vanA and vanB – vancomycin resistance genes; ant6-Ⅰ, ant3'-Ⅲ, aac6'-aph2'', and ant(4')-Ia – aminoglycoside resistance genes; cfr and optrA – linezolid resistance genes
Presence of E. faecalis and E. faecium resistance genes tetL, tetC, tetM, and tetA – tetracycline resistance genes; ermA, ermB, and ermC – erythromycin resistance genes; blaZ and blaTEM – β-lactam resistance genes; vanA and vanB – vancomycin resistance genes; ant6-Ⅰ, ant3'-Ⅲ, aac6'-aph2'', and ant(4')-Ia – aminoglycoside resistance genes; cfr and optrA – linezolid resistance genes

Fig. 3

Presence of E. faecalis and E. faecium virulence-associated determinantsace – collagen‐binding protein; asa1 – aggregation substance; cylA – cytolysin; efa-A – endocarditis antigen;esp – enterococcal surface protein; gelE – gelatinase; hyl – hyaluronidase
Presence of E. faecalis and E. faecium virulence-associated determinantsace – collagen‐binding protein; asa1 – aggregation substance; cylA – cytolysin; efa-A – endocarditis antigen;esp – enterococcal surface protein; gelE – gelatinase; hyl – hyaluronidase

Virulence-associated gene profile of E_ faecalis isolates from giant panda saliva samples

Virulence-associated gene Number of isolates Proportion
efaA-gelE 2 3.70%
gelE-asal 1 1.85%
efaA-ace 1 1.85%
efaA-gelE-ace 1 1.85%
efaA-gelE-asa1 4 7.41%
efaA-gelE-asal-ace 45 83.33%

Primers used for PCR detection of antimicrobial resistance genes

Resistance to Resistance gene Primer sequence (5’→3’) Amplicon (bp) References
Aminoglycoside aac(6')/aph(2″) CCAAGAGCAATAAGGGCATA CACTATCATAACCACTACCG 220 this study
aph(3')-Ⅲ GCCGATGTGGATTGCGAAAA GCTTGATCCCCAGTAAGTCA 292 this study
ant(6)-I ACTGGCTTAATCAATTTGGG GCCTTTCCGCCACCTCACCG 597 (21)
ant(4')-Ia CTTGGACGCTGAGATATATGAGCACC GGAAAGTTGACCAGACATTACGAACT 294 (10)
Tetracycline tetM GAGGTCCGTCTGAACTTTGCG AGAAAGGATTTGGCGGCACT 900 (21)
tetA GGCACCGAATGCGTATGAT AAGCGAGCGGGTTGAGAG 480 (21)
tetC CTGGGCTGCTTCCTAATGC AGCTGTCCCTGATGGTCGT 580 (21)
tetL TGGTCCTATCTTCTACTCATTC TTCCGATTTCGGCAGTAC 385 (14)
Vancomycin vanA GGGAAAACGACAATTGC GTACAATGCGGCCGTTA 732 (14)
vanB CAAAGCTCCGCAGCTTGCATG TGCATCCAAGCACCCGATATAC 484 (14)
β-lactams blaZ ACTTCAACACCTGCTGCTTTC TAGGTTCAGATTGGCCCTTAG 240 (34)
blaTEM CCAATGCTTAATCAGTGAGG ATGAGTATTCAACATTTCCG 858 (23)
Erythromycin ermA TCTAAAAAGCATGTAAAAGAAA CGATACTTTTTGTAGTCCTTC 553 this study
ermB CCGTTTACGAAATTGGAACAGGTAAAGGGC GAATCGAGACTTGAGTGTGC 359 this study
ermC GCTAATATTGTTTAAATCGTCAATTCC GGATCAGGAAAAGGACATTTTAC 460 this study
Linezolid cfr TGAAGTATAAAGCAGGTTGGGAGTCA ACCATATAATTGACCACAAGCAGC 746 (32)
optrA AGGTGGTCAGCGAACTAA ATCAACTGTTCCCATTCA 1395 (5)

Virulence-associated gene profile of E_ faecium isolates from giant panda saliva samples

Virulence-associated gene Number of isolates Proportion
efaA-ace 1 1.85%
gelE-asal 2 3.70%
efaA-gelE-asal-ace 45 83.33%
None 6 11.11%

Primers for different virulence genes

Virulence factor Genes Primer sequence (5ʹ→3ʹ) PCR product size (bp) References
Aggregation substance asa1 GCACGCTATTACGAACTATGA TAAGAAAGAACATCACCACGA 375 (4)
Gelatinase gelE TATGACAATGCTTTTTGGGAT AGATGCACCCGAAATAATATA 213 (4)
Cytolysin cylA ACTCGGGGATTGATAGGC GCTGCTAAAGCTGCGCTT 688 (4)
Enterococcal surface protein esp AGATTTCATCTTTGATTCTTGG AATTGATTCTTTAGCATCTGG 510 (4
Hyaluronidase hyl ACAGAAGAGCTGCAGGAAATG GACTGACGTCCAAGTTTCCAA 276 (4)
Accessory colonization factor ace GAATTGAGCAAAAGTTCAATCG GTCTGTCTTTTCACTTGTTTC 1108 (21)
Endocarditis antigen efaA GCCAATTGGGACAGACCCTC CGCCTTCTGTTCCTTCTTTGGC 688 (21)
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Ciencias de la vida, Biología molecular, Microbiología y virología, Ciencias de la vida, otros, Medicina, Medicina veterinaria
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