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Indicator Candidate Traits for Autonomous Fruit Set Ability Under High Temperatures in Capsicum

Akira Yamazaki
Akira Yamazaki
, 
Ao Takezawa
Ao Takezawa
, 
Ryohei Nakano
Ryohei Nakano
, 
Kazusa Nishimura
Kazusa Nishimura
, 
Ko Motoki
Ko Motoki
, 
Munetaka Hosokawa
Munetaka Hosokawa
 y 
Tetsuya Nakazaki
Tetsuya Nakazaki
   | 05 ene 2023
Journal of Horticultural Research's Cover Image
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Publicado en línea: 05 ene 2023
Páginas: 105 - 116
Recibido: 01 jul 2022
Aceptado: 01 nov 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2022-0017
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© 2022 Akira Yamazaki et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Air temperatures in the greenhouse during the high-temperature period for screening (A) and the moderate-temperature period (B). Air temperature during confirmation survey in the incubator (C). The line graph and the left Y-axis represent air temperature in the greenhouse. Red, green, and blue lines and circle, triangle, and square points mean highest, average, and lowest temperature on the day, respectively. Bars represent number of hours with temperature above 35 °C
Air temperatures in the greenhouse during the high-temperature period for screening (A) and the moderate-temperature period (B). Air temperature during confirmation survey in the incubator (C). The line graph and the left Y-axis represent air temperature in the greenhouse. Red, green, and blue lines and circle, triangle, and square points mean highest, average, and lowest temperature on the day, respectively. Bars represent number of hours with temperature above 35 °C

Figure 2

Correlation analysis between traits of C. annuum cultivars grown in the greenhouse under high-temperature conditions (A) and moderate-temperature conditions (B). The numbers in the figure show the correlation coefficient (r value) between two traits. Red and blue colors indicate positive and negative correlations, respectively. The deeper the color, the larger the absolute value of the correlation coefficient. The asterisks indicate significant correlations (p < 0.05). Trait observed: FS – fruit set; PG – pollen germination; PV – pollen viability; PN – pollen number; AL – anther length; SL – style length; AS – anthesis stage
Correlation analysis between traits of C. annuum cultivars grown in the greenhouse under high-temperature conditions (A) and moderate-temperature conditions (B). The numbers in the figure show the correlation coefficient (r value) between two traits. Red and blue colors indicate positive and negative correlations, respectively. The deeper the color, the larger the absolute value of the correlation coefficient. The asterisks indicate significant correlations (p < 0.05). Trait observed: FS – fruit set; PG – pollen germination; PV – pollen viability; PN – pollen number; AL – anther length; SL – style length; AS – anthesis stage

Figure 3

Difference in fruit set under high-temperature conditions of plants grown at the high-temperature period: (A) ‘Takanotsume’ and (B) ‘Peruvian Purple’. The photos were taken on August 30, 2020. The brown ruler shows 30 cm
Difference in fruit set under high-temperature conditions of plants grown at the high-temperature period: (A) ‘Takanotsume’ and (B) ‘Peruvian Purple’. The photos were taken on August 30, 2020. The brown ruler shows 30 cm

Figure 4

Germination of pollen of plants grown in the high-temperature incubator (A). Incubation temperatures were 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C, and 40 °C. The asterisks indicate 5% level of significance obtained with t-test. (B), (C), (D), and (E) show pollen tube elongations in the pistils of ‘Takanotsume’ pollinated by ‘Takanotsume’ (B) and ‘Takanotsume’ pollinated by ‘Murasaki’ (C). Pollen tube elongations in the pistils of ‘Murasaki’ pollinated by ‘Takanotsume’ (D) and ‘Murasaki’ pollinated by ‘Murasaki’ (E). Scale bars are 1 mm in (B) and (C), and 500 μm in (D) and (E)
Germination of pollen of plants grown in the high-temperature incubator (A). Incubation temperatures were 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C, and 40 °C. The asterisks indicate 5% level of significance obtained with t-test. (B), (C), (D), and (E) show pollen tube elongations in the pistils of ‘Takanotsume’ pollinated by ‘Takanotsume’ (B) and ‘Takanotsume’ pollinated by ‘Murasaki’ (C). Pollen tube elongations in the pistils of ‘Murasaki’ pollinated by ‘Takanotsume’ (D) and ‘Murasaki’ pollinated by ‘Murasaki’ (E). Scale bars are 1 mm in (B) and (C), and 500 μm in (D) and (E)

Capsicum cultivars used for screening of autonomous fruit set ability under high temperatures in the greenhouse

Cultivar Species Number of individuals Cultivar type
‘Takanotsume’ C. annuum 8 pungent
‘Nikko’ C. annuum 9 pungent
‘Furu-pi-yellow’ C. annuum 11 nonpungent
‘Furu-pi-red’ C. annuum 11 nonpungent
‘Onikis Red’ C. annuum 5 ornamental
‘Colorful Mix’ C. annuum 4 ornamental
‘Uchu Cream Red’ C. annuum 5 ornamental
‘Goshiki Kyokko’ C. annuum 5 ornamental
‘Shima Togarashi’ C. frutescens 4 pungent
‘Bishop's Crown’ C. baccatum 5 ornamental
‘Sy-2’ C. chinense 3 pungent
‘No. 3686’ C. chinense 3 pungent
F1 hybrid of ‘Sy-2’ × ‘No. 3686’ C. chinense 3 pungent

Reproductive and vegetative trait parameters under high and moderate temperatures under cultivation in the greenhouse

Cultivar Pollen number (×103) Pollen viability (%) Pollen germination (%) Fruit set (%)
Temperature High Moderate H/M High High Moderate H/M High Moderate H/M
‘Takanotsume’ 28.9±11.3 b 19.5±3.1 ac 1.48 7.7±7.9 a 6.5±4.2 ab 7.1±3.3 a 0.91 57.7±20.6 a 32.2±15.7 a 1.79
‘Nikko’ 29.9±8.0 b 13.8±.6.6 bcd 2.17 2.8±2.8 a 1.6±1.1 bc 1.4±0.7 a 1.14 18.2±10.3 bc 19.7±14.4 a 0.92
‘Furu-pi-yellow’ 55.5±15.7 a 41.4±24.4 a 1.34 0.5±0.7 a 1.7±2.0 bc 2.9±2.0 a 0.61 25.5±17.7 b 36.3±15.8 a 0.70
‘Furu-pi-red’ 51.5±13.8 a 38.2±11.5 acd 1.35 7.4±14.2 a 0.6±0.9 c 1.0±0.8 a 0.60 7.7±8.5 c 28.3±9.0 a 0.27
‘Onikis Red’ 26.2±5.3 b - - 9.6±7.1 a 1.4±1.3 bc 0.5±0.6 a 2.74 9.2±9.5 bc 18.7±14.0 a 0.49
‘Colorful Mix’ 35.8±13.5 ab - - 8.6±7.7 a 0.4±0.4 bc 0.8±1.1 a 0.57 7.3±4.7 bc 15.4±10.4 a 0.47
‘Uchu Cream Red’ 23.0±16.7 b - - 14.9±10.6 a 0.4±0.3 bc 1.6±0.8 a 0.25 4.4±6.7 bc 3.5±3.8 a 1.25
‘Goshiki Kyokko’ 23.0±9.5 b - - 6.3±8.6 a 6.3±4.7 ac 3.2±1.7 a 1.97 52.2±14.2 a 33.3±12.8 a 1.57
‘Shima Togarashi’ 21.5±12.6 b - - 11.7±7.0 a 12.5±8.0 a 6.9±5.0 a 1.83 1.5±2.9 bc 16.5±13.0 a 0.09
‘Bishop's Crown’ 38.4±8.6 ab 45.6±15.0 ab 0.84 2.2±2.6 a 3.8±3.1 bc 16.1±7.0 a 0.24 0.0±0.0 c 20.9±6.8 a 0.00
‘Sy-2’ 20.7±9.5 b 9.0±2.7 def 2.30 5.2±1.5 a 3.3±1.6 bc 6.2±3.1 a 0.53 0.0±0.0 bc - -
‘No.3686’ 10.0±5.3 b 5.0±2.0 f 2.00 6.4±7.2 a 3.5±4.8 bc 6.4±2.8 a 0.55 0.0±0.0 bc - -
F1 hybrid 10.7±4.0 b 4.7±2.7 ef 2.28 15.0±3.4 a 6.1±3.0 ac 5.9±2.9 a 1.02 7.9±8.0 bc 31.2±6.4 a 0.25

Percentage of fruit set and pollen germination rate in the confirmation survey on plants grown in a stable high temperature in the incubator

Cultivation place Cultivar Fruit set (%) Pollen germination (%)
Greenhouse ‘Takanotsume’ 22.9 ± 6.0z 17.1 ± 9.7
‘Peruvian Purple’ 0.0 ± 0.0 1.8 ± 0.7
p-value 0.063y 0.25y
Incubator ‘Takanotsume’ 16,7 17,3
‘Murasaki’ 2,8 4,0
p-value 0.15x <0.001y
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