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Hirschmanniella maritima n. sp. (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) – a New Nematode Species Parasitizing Baltic Plants in Poland

G. Winiszewska

G. Winiszewska

Museum and Institute of Zoology Polish Academy of SciencesWarsaw, Poland
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Winiszewska, G.
, 
R. Dobosz

R. Dobosz

Institute of Plant Protection – National Research InstitutePoznań, Poland
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Dobosz, R.
, 
F. Kornobis

F. Kornobis

Institute of Plant Protection – National Research InstitutePoznań, Poland
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Kornobis, F.
, 
M. Sobczak

M. Sobczak

Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW)Warsaw, Poland
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Sobczak, M.
, 
A. Tereba

A. Tereba

Forest Research Institute, Department of Forest Ecology, Sękocin StaryPoland
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Tereba, A.
, 
A.T. Skwiercz

A.T. Skwiercz

National Institute of Horticultural ResearchSkierniewice, Poland
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Skwiercz, A.T.
 y 
K. Rybarczyk-Mydłowska

K. Rybarczyk-Mydłowska

Museum and Institute of Zoology Polish Academy of SciencesWarsaw, Poland
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Rybarczyk-Mydłowska, K.
  
05 jul 2025
Hirschmanniella maritima n. sp. (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) – a New Nematode Species Parasitizing Baltic Plants in Poland's Cover Image
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Categoría del artículo: Research Paper
Publicado en línea: 05 jul 2025
Recibido: 14 abr 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2025-0030
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© 2025 G. Winiszewska et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Line drawings of Hirschmanniella maritima n. sp. Female: A, B: Anterior end: A: holotype, B: Rewa population. C: Vulval region, holotype. D: posterior genital branch, paratype. E, F: Spermatheca, paratypes: E: empty, F: filled with sperm. G: Posterior part of body, holotype. H - J: Distal part of tail: H: holotype, I: paratype, J: Rewa population. Scale bar = 10 μm.
Line drawings of Hirschmanniella maritima n. sp. Female: A, B: Anterior end: A: holotype, B: Rewa population. C: Vulval region, holotype. D: posterior genital branch, paratype. E, F: Spermatheca, paratypes: E: empty, F: filled with sperm. G: Posterior part of body, holotype. H - J: Distal part of tail: H: holotype, I: paratype, J: Rewa population. Scale bar = 10 μm.

Figure 2:

Line drawings of Hirschmanniella maritima n. sp. Male, paratype : A: Anterior part of body. B, C: Anterior end. D: Posterior part of body. E: Distal part of tail. F: Male copulatory apparatus. Scale bar = 10 μm.
Line drawings of Hirschmanniella maritima n. sp. Male, paratype : A: Anterior part of body. B, C: Anterior end. D: Posterior part of body. E: Distal part of tail. F: Male copulatory apparatus. Scale bar = 10 μm.

Figure 3:

Light micrographs Hirschmanniella maritima n. sp. A - J. Female. K - S. Male. A: Anterior part of body, holotype. B: Posterior part of body, holotype. C - E: Anterior end, paratypes. F, G: Vulval region: F: holotype, G: paratype. H - J: Distal part of tail, paratypes. K: Lateral field. L: Posterior part of body. M - O: Anterior part of body. P, Q. Male copulatory apparatus. R, S. Distal part of tail. Scale bar = 10 μm.
Light micrographs Hirschmanniella maritima n. sp. A - J. Female. K - S. Male. A: Anterior part of body, holotype. B: Posterior part of body, holotype. C - E: Anterior end, paratypes. F, G: Vulval region: F: holotype, G: paratype. H - J: Distal part of tail, paratypes. K: Lateral field. L: Posterior part of body. M - O: Anterior part of body. P, Q. Male copulatory apparatus. R, S. Distal part of tail. Scale bar = 10 μm.

Figure 4:

28S rDNA-based Bayesian phylogeny of the genus Hirschmanniella. The new H. maritima n. sp. sequence is indicated in bold. Numbers near nodes indicate posterior probabilities.
28S rDNA-based Bayesian phylogeny of the genus Hirschmanniella. The new H. maritima n. sp. sequence is indicated in bold. Numbers near nodes indicate posterior probabilities.

Figure 5:

mtCOI-based Bayesian phylogeny of the genus Hirschmanniella and the most closely related genera. The new H. maritima n. sp. sequences are indicated in bold. Numbers near nodes indicate posterior probabilities.
mtCOI-based Bayesian phylogeny of the genus Hirschmanniella and the most closely related genera. The new H. maritima n. sp. sequences are indicated in bold. Numbers near nodes indicate posterior probabilities.

Figure 6:

Micrographs of P. perfoliatus roots infected with H. maritima n. sp. Light (A, B, and E) and transmission electron (C, D, and F) microscopy images. A: Cross section of uninfected root. B: Cross section of infected root with nematode in outer cortex. C: Broken cell walls next to nematode. D: Plant cell protoplast debris next to nematode. F: Nematodes next to degraded inner cortex cells. E: Fungal hyphae in inner cortex of root. Abbreviations: C, cortex; CW, cell wall; E, exodermis; H, hypha; N, nematode; PD, protoplast debris; VC, vascular cylinder. Arrows point to broken cell walls (C); arrowheads point to hyphae (E); asterisks indicate intercellular spaces (A, B, E, and F). Scale bars: = 50 μm (A, B, and E) and = 5 μm (C, D, and F).
Micrographs of P. perfoliatus roots infected with H. maritima n. sp. Light (A, B, and E) and transmission electron (C, D, and F) microscopy images. A: Cross section of uninfected root. B: Cross section of infected root with nematode in outer cortex. C: Broken cell walls next to nematode. D: Plant cell protoplast debris next to nematode. F: Nematodes next to degraded inner cortex cells. E: Fungal hyphae in inner cortex of root. Abbreviations: C, cortex; CW, cell wall; E, exodermis; H, hypha; N, nematode; PD, protoplast debris; VC, vascular cylinder. Arrows point to broken cell walls (C); arrowheads point to hyphae (E); asterisks indicate intercellular spaces (A, B, E, and F). Scale bars: = 50 μm (A, B, and E) and = 5 μm (C, D, and F).

Morphometric characteristics of females and males of Hirschmanniella maritima n_ sp_ Measurements are provided in μm and in the form of mean ± standard deviation, with the range given in parentheses and the coefficient of variation (CV) in italics after the parentheses_ All abbreviations are used according to Brzeski (1998)_

Character Gdańsk Rewa Władysławowo All populations
Holotype female Paratype females Paratype males Females Males Females Males Females Males
n 1 14 12 20 22 6 8 41 42
L 3009 2355 ± 266.4 (1893–2708) 11.3 2122 ± 198.3 (1787–2441) 9.3 2688 ± 228.2 (2218–3010) 8.5 2619 ± 205.8 (2065–3085) 7.9 2531 ± 201.6 (2146–2682) 8.0 2248 ± 93.3 (2100–2356) 4.2 2559 ± 284.3 (1893–3010) 11.1 2406 ± 294.1 (1787–3085) 12.2
a 62 67.0 ± 7.2 (59.2–81.8) 10.8 64.5 ± 5.2 (57.3–75.3) 8.1 68.6 ± 5.6 (59.5–79.7) 8.2 69.7 ± 6.6 (55.3–81.2) 9.5 64.5 ± 3.5 (60.4–70.0) 5.4 62.6 ± 4.3 (58.2–69.8) 6.9 67.3 ± 6.0 (59.2–81.8) 8.9 66.9 ± 6.5 (55.3–81.2) 9.8
b 18.9 15.6 ± 1.4 (13.1–17.8) 8.7 13.8 ± 1.0 (11.6–15.4) 7.5 17.1 ± 1.5 (14.5–19.7) 9.0 17.2 ± 1.0 (14.9–18.8) 5.8 15.9 ± 1.0 (15.0–17.4) 6.4 14.2 ± 0.7 (13.2–15.2) 4.9 16.4 ± 1.6 (13.1–19.7) 9.6 15.7 ± 1.9 (11.6–18.8) 12.0
b’ 6.8 5.6 ± 0.6 (4.8–6.5) 11.2 4.9 ± 0.3 (4.5–5.7) 7.0 7.9 ± 0.8 (6.1–9.2) 10.5 5.7 ± 0.8 (4.5–7.0) 13.5 5.5 ± 0.4 (5.0–5.9) 7.9 5.3 ± 0.6 (4.5–6.3) 11.4 6.7 ± 1.3 (4.8–9.2) 20.0 5.3 ± 0.6 (4.5–7.0) 12.3
c 14.6 15.1 ± 2.0 (12.6–17.8) 13.2 15.5 ± 1.2 (13.7–17.9) 7.7 14.5 ± 1.2 (12.8–17.4) 8.1 17.6 ± 1.5 (14.2–20.6) 8.7 14.0 ± 0.5 (13.4–14.8) 3.9 15.3 ± 1.5 (13.5–17.4) 9.5 14.6 ± 1.5 (12.6–17.8) 9.9 16.6 ± 1.8 (13.5–20.6) 10.6
c’ 6.6 5.8 ± 05 (5.1–6.5) 8.2 6.0 ± 0.4 (5.4–6.7) 7.0 6.7 ± 0.7 (5.2–8.1) 11.0 6.1 ± 0.7 (4.7–7.7) 11.2 6.6 ± 0.6 (6.2–7.7) 8.8 5.9 ± 0.6 (4.7–6.6) 10.6 6.4 ± 0.7 (5.1–8.1) 11.7 6.0 ± 0.6 (4.7–7.7) 10.0
V 46.8 52.8 ± 1.7 (50.0–55.4) 3.3 - 49.8 ± 1.9 (46.8–53.7) 3.9 - 52.2 ± 1.7 (49.3–53.5) 3.2 - 51.1 ± 2.3 (46.8–55.4) 4.6 -
G1 19.2 24.0 ± 2.8 (18.8–28.9) 11.8 - 22.3 ± 4.8 (14.7–29.8) 21.4 - 32.3 ± 3.4 (27.8–36.8) 10.4 - 24.9 ± 5.2 (14.7–36.8) 20.8 -
G2 16.8 23.8 ± 2.6 (18.8–28.8) 10.9 - 22.7 ± 5.1 (14.7–28.5) 22.4 - 30.7 ± 2.9 (26.1–34.2) 9.4 - 24.6 ±4.8 (14.7–34.2) 19.3 -
T - - 44.3 ± 2.8 (38.9–48.0) 6.4 - 39.7 ± 4.5 (29.2–51.2) 11.3 - 44.9 ± 3.1 (40.4–49.5) 7.0 - 42.2 ± 4.4 (29.2–51.2) 10.5
Lip region diameter 13.2 10.5 ± 0.6 (9.6–11.5) 5.8 10.3 ± 0.6 (9.7–11.8) 5.5 10.5 ± 0.5 (9.5–11.8) 5.0 10.3 ± 0.4 (9.5–10.8) 3.5 10.9 ± 0.7 (9.6–11.6) 6.3 10.2 ± 0.6 (9.2–11.1) 5.7 10.6 ± 0.7 (9.5–13.2) 6.6 10.3 ± 0.5 (9.2–11.8) 4.5
Lip region height 5.7 4.6 ± 0.4 (3.8–5.2) 9.6 4.7 ± 0.6 (3.9–5.9) 12.0 4.5 ± 0.4 (3.8–5.2) 9.3 4.0 ± 0.4 (3.4–4.9) 9.3 4.7 ± 0.2 (4.5–5.1) 5.1 4.7 ± 0.3 (4.4–5.2) 5.6 4.6 ± 0.4 (3.8–5.7) 9.5 4.4 ± 0.5 (3.4–5.9) 12.5
Lip annules number 5 5.3± 0.5(5–6) 8.9 5.2±0.4 (5–6) 7.5 4.8±0.4 (4–5) 8.7 4.7±0.5 (4–5) 9.6 5.2±0.4 (5–6) 7.9 5.4± 0.5(5–6) 9.6 5.1 ± 0.5 (4–6) 10.0 5.0 ± 0.5 (4–6) 10.4
Stylet length 23.2 21.3 ± 1.8 (19.3–24.5) 8.6 20.9 ± 1.3 (19.4–23.4) 6.2 21.5 ± 0.9 (20.0–23.4) 4.3 21.3 ± 0.6 (20.4–22.8) 2.8 21.6 ± 0.4 (20.9–22.1) 1.9 21.5 ± 1.0 (20.2–23.3) 4.5 21.5 ± 1.3 (19.3–24.5) 5.8 21.2 ± 0.9 (19.4–23.4) 4.3
Conus length 10.8 10.6 ± 0.9 (9.4–12.1) 8.4 10.4 ± 0.8 (9.2–12.0) 8.1 11.0 ± 1.0 (10.0–12.9) 8.7 10.9 ± 0.6 (9.8–11.8) 5.7 10.7 ± 0.2 (10.4–11.0) 1.9 10.6 ± 0.6 (9.4–11.2) 6.0 10.8 ± 0.8 (9.4–12.9) 7.9 10.7 ± 0.7 (9.2–12.0) 6,6
Shaft length 9.5 8.3 ± 0.8 (7.0–9.7) 9.6 7.9 ± 0.5 (7.3–8.8) 6.6 7.8 ± 0.9 (6.7–10.4) 11.2 10.4 ± 0.7 (9.0–12.0) 6.4 8.1 ± 0.3 (7.6–8.4) 3.7 8.3 ± 0.4 (7.7–9.2) 5.2 8.0 ± 0.8 (6.7–10.4) 10.3 9.3 ± 1.3 (7.3–12.0) 14.5
Stylet knob height 2.9 2.5 ± 0.3 (2.1–3.1) 13.5 2.6 ± 0.2 (2.2–3.0) 8.5 2.9 ± 0.4 (2.3–3.8) 13.0 2.8 ± 0.3 (2.3–3.5) 11.3 2.8 ± 0.2 (2.7–3.1) 5.8 2.6 ± 0.3 (2.3–3.0) 10.5 2.8 ± 0.4 (2.1–3.8) 13.9 2.7 ± 0.3 (2.2–3.5) 11.1
Stylet knob width 5.8 5.0 ± 0.5 (4.1–5.9) 10.6 4.8 ± 0.3 (4.4–5.3) 5.7 4.8 ± 0.6 (3.6–5.8) 12.2 4.5 ± 0.3 (4.0–5.2) 7.1 5.1 ± 0.3 (4.7–5.5) 6.3 4.6 ± 0.2 (4.3–5.0) 5.0 4.9 ± 0.5 (3.6–5.9) 11.0 4.6 ± 0.3 (4.0–5.3) 6.9
Anterior end to median bulb valve distance 108.8 102.9 ± 6.1 (94.1–115.0) 6.0 103.1 ± 5.6 (95–111) 5.4 108.5 ± 4.8 (102.1–119.0) 4.4 111.2 ± 5.0 (102.1–120.3) 4.5 108.8 ± 3.7 (104.4–112.5) 3.4 108.5 ± 3.3 (103–112) 3.0 106.5 ± 5.7 (94.1–119) 5.4 108.3 ± 6.0 (95.0–120.3) 5.5
Anterior end to pharyngo-intestinal junction (PIJ) distance 159 151.1 ± 12.9 (132–172) 8.5 153.8 ± 8.4 (136–165) 5.5 157.8 ± 8.4 (135–170) 5.3 152.4 ± 8.6 (138–173) 5.6 159.3 ± 12.5 (143–177) 7.8 157.9 ± 4.6 (151–167) 2.9 155.8 ± 10.9 (132–177) 7.0 153.8 ± 8.0 (136–172.5) 5.2
Pharyngeal overlap length 286 273.6 ± 40.1 (228–377) 14.6 277.1 ± 39.1 (226–357) 14.1 185.7 ± 31.4 (159–284) 16.9 304.9 ± 65.8 (215–423) 21.6 302.5 ± 36.3 (259–359) 12.0 270.3 ± 53.1 (203–324) 19.7 238.2 ± 60.5 (159–377) 25.4 283.8 ± 52.5 (203–422.7) 18.5
Anterior end to nerve ring distance 143.6 134 ± 10.4 (120–155) 7.8 130.0 ± 8.3 (116–145) 6.4 136.5 ± 6.1 (126–143) 4.5 141.9 ± 6.2 (133–149) 4.4 139.3 ± 8.2 (127–147) 5.9 136.3 ± 4.7 (128–141) 3.5 136.5 ± 8.5 (120–155) 6.2 135.1 ± 8.3 (116–149) 6.2
Anterior end to excretory pore (EP) distance 180.8 167.8 ± 12.8 (144–186) 7.6 170.0 ± 9.4 (154–184) 5.5 174.8 ± 9.3 (155–190) 5.3 176.7 ± 11.7 (159–197) 6.6 181.8 ± 11.1 (163–196) 6.1 182.1 ± 8.5 (174–200) 4.6 173.4 ± 11.8 (144–196) 6.8 175.8 ± 11.1 (154–200) 6.3
EP to PIJ distance 21.8 16.7 ± 7.1 (4–25) 42.4 16.3 ± 4.4 (7–22) 27.0 16.3 ± 6.9 (3.0–30.0) 42.2 24.3 ± 10.0 (6.8–46.1) 41.4 22.9 ± 3.6 (19.5–28.9) 15.9 22.9 ± 5.0 (16.8–30.9) 22.1 17.7 ± 6.8 (3–30) 38.2 21.7 ± 8.6 (6.8–46.1) 39.5
Max. body diameter 48.5 35.2 ± 2.7 (31.3–40) 7.8 33.0 ± 2.4 (29.5–38.2) 7.3 39.3 ± 3.2 (34.0–45.2) 8.2 37.8 ± 3.3 (31.7–43.8) 8.7 39.4 ±4.5 (32.6–44.4) 11.5 36.1 ± 2.9 (32.2–40.5) 8.2 38.1 ± 4.1 (31.3–48.5) 10.7 36.1 ± 3.6 (29.5–43.8) 10.0
Female anterior genital branch length 578 564.3 ± 91.6 (418–729) 16.2 - 604.4 ± 105.8 (414–764) 17.5 - 814.0 ± 74.1 (709–939) 9.1 - 626.0 ± 130.3 (414–939) 20.8 -
Female posterior genital branch length 505 560.9 ± 84.6(424–727) 15.1 - 619.9 ± 121.5 (413–761) 19.6 - 774.8 ± 82.6 (666–906) 10.7 - 619.5 ± 124.8 (413–906) 20.1 -
Anterior spermatheca length 54.7 45.6 ± 12.2 (32.5–74.0) 26.7 - 76.0 ± 4.4 (69.5–80.4) 5.8 - 54.3 ± 3.2 (51.2–58.8) 5.8 - 55.3 ± 15.1 (32.5–80.4) 27.2 -
Anterior spermatheca diameter 28.8 22.7 ± 5.0 (13.2–28.8) 22.1 - 34.1 ± 4.7 (26.9–38.3) 13.8 - 23.3 ± 3.2 (20–27) 13.6 - 25.9 ± 6.5 (13.2–38.3) 25.0 -
Posterior spermatheca length 47.1 43.9 ± 9.3 (32–59) 21.3 - 83.1 ± 3.7 (78.6–87.3) 4.5 - 55.0 ± 4.3 (47.7–59.2) 7.8 - 54.7 ± 16.8 (32.0–87.3) 30.7 -
Posterior spermatheca diameter 31.5 22.1 ±5.3 (11.8–27.8) 24.1 - 36.8 ± 3.3 (33.2–40.4) 8.9 - 24.3 ± 2.0 (22.1–26.7) 8.2 - 26.3 ± 7.2 (11.8–40.4) 27.3 -
Cloaca to most anterior part of testis distance - - 937.9 ± 94.3 (812–1103) 10.1 - 1042.7 ± 137.5 (798–1382) 13.2 - 1007.8 ± 69.8 (879–1074) 6.9 - 1002.2 ± 120.0 (798–1382) 12.0
Anal body diameter 31.3 27.1 ± 2.1 (24.5–30.4) 7.7 23.0 ± 2.2 (20.6–25.9) 9.5 27.8 ± 2.3 (24.0–31.8) 8.4 24.8 ± 2.3 (20.6–28.9) 9.2 27.6 ± 3.9 (20.9–31.7) 14.1 25.2 ± 1.6 (22.7–28.0) 6.2 27.6 ± 2.5 (20.9–31.8) 9.1 24.4 ± 2.3 (20.6–28.9) 9.3
Rectum/cloaca length 24.7 25.3± 2.6 (20.6–29.6) 10.3 33.5±2.9 (31.4–38.4) 8.8 24.5± 4.2 (19.4–35.0) 17.0 27.8±3.2 (24.0–35.0) 11.4 29.8±1.1 (28.5–31.3) 3.8 33.4±2.3 (31.5–36.0) 7.0 25.8 ± 3.7 (19.4–35.0) 14.2 30.6 ± 4.0 (24–38.4) 13.2
Spicule length - - 38.4 ± 1.1 (36.4–39.4) 2.9 - 38.5 ± 2.3 (34.0–43.2) 6.0 - 40.8 ± 1.8 (38.4–42.2) 4.4 - 38.7 ± 2.2 (34–43.2) 5.6
Gubernaculum length - - 13.1 ± 1.0 (12.0–14.5) 7.3 - 12.1 ± 1.0 (10.4–14.6) 8.4 - 12.1 ± 0.7 (11.4–12.7) 5.4 - 12.3 ± 1.0 (10.4–14.6) 8.3
Tail length 205.6 157 ± 9.0 (150–178) 5.7 136.8 ± 9.0 (120–150) 6.6 186.6 ± 18.3 (153–215) 9.8 149.8 ± 14.3 (115–178) 9.6 180.8 ± 13.0 (160–196) 7.2 147.5 ± 12.6 (126–159) 8.6 176.1 ± 20.3 (150–215) 11.6 145.6 ± 13.7 (115–177.5) 9.4

Description of Hirschmanniella maritima n_ sp_ populations isolated from Potamogeton perfoliatus L_ plants with GenBank accession numbers of sequences acquired from the large subunit ribosomal DNA (28S rDNA) and the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI)_

Locality and habitat 28S rDNA mtCOI
# individuals from which a sequence was acquired corresponding GenBank number # individuals from which a sequence was acquired corresponding GenBank number
The Gulf of Gdańsk, Jelitkowo Gdańsk, from a 3-m depth, 17.09.2011. Collected with a fyke net set. Type population. 2* KC507798 1 PV031916
The Gulf of Gdańsk, Sopot, estuary of the Swelina River, from a 1-m depth, 1.07.2012. The plants were pulled out by hand. 4 -
The Puck Bay, Rewa, the Beka reserve. Plants were washed ashore after an autumn storm. 28.10.2009. 24** 11 PV031913
3 PV031914
1 PV031915
The Puck Bay, Władysławowo, from a 3-m depth, 12.07.2012. Collected with a fyke net set. 2 -
Vistula Lagoon, Kąty Rybackie, from a 1-m depth, 28.06.2011. The plants were pulled out by hand. - 1 PV031914
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