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Nematicidal Properties of Chitosan Nanoformulation

R. Mouniga
R. Mouniga
, 
B. Anita
B. Anita
, 
A. Lakshmanan
A. Lakshmanan
, 
A. Shanthi
A. Shanthi
 y 
G. Karthikeyan
G. Karthikeyan
   | 24 ago 2023
Journal of Nematology's Cover Image
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Article Category: Research Paper
Publicado en línea: 24 ago 2023
Páginas: -
Recibido: 01 feb 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2023-0033
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© 2023 R. Mouniga et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

(A) Particle size of chitosan nanospheres. (B) Zeta potential of chitosan nanospheres.
(A) Particle size of chitosan nanospheres. (B) Zeta potential of chitosan nanospheres.

Figure 2:

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) micrograph of chitosan nanospheres.
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) micrograph of chitosan nanospheres.

Figure 3:

FT-IR spectroscopy of 1% chitosan nanospheres formulation.
FT-IR spectroscopy of 1% chitosan nanospheres formulation.

Figure 4:

Scanning Electron Microscope images of chitosan nanospheres treated eggs (left side) and chitosan nanospheres untreated eggs (right side).
Scanning Electron Microscope images of chitosan nanospheres treated eggs (left side) and chitosan nanospheres untreated eggs (right side).

Figure 5:

Efficacy of different doses of chitosan nanospheres (1%) on M. incognita under pot culture conditions.
Efficacy of different doses of chitosan nanospheres (1%) on M. incognita under pot culture conditions.

Effect of chitosan nanospheres against root knot nematode, M. incognita under field conditions

Treatments Mean of three replications
Number of galls/5g of roots1 Number of egg masses/5g of roots1 Number of females/5g of roots1 Number of J2/100 cc of soil1 Fruit weight (kg)/plot2 Fruit weight (tonne)/ha2
Mean and transformed value Mean and transformed value Mean and transformed value Mean and transformed value Mean and transformed value
Chitosan nanospheres (1%)-5ml/plant 5.61ab (2.29) 3.34b (1.82) 18.31b (4.26) 50.63c (7.11) 95a (18.75) 14.25
Chitosan nanospheres (2%)-5ml/plant 3.31a (1.81) 0.99ab (1.14) 17.38b (4.16) 35.00b (5.90) 89.5b (11.87) 13.42
Chitosan (1%) - 5ml/plant 11.25b (3.10) 3.62b (1.93) 20.90b (4.54) 58.54e (7.61) 86bc (7.5) 12.90
Chitosan (2%)-5ml/plant 4.91ab (2.30) 1.88ab (1.52) 17.79b (4.19) 48.75b (6.92) 83cd (3.75) 12.45
Velum prime 500ml/acre 2.83a (1.60) 0.09a (0.75) 11.42a (3.35) 30.45a (5.47) 99a (23.75) 14.85
Carbofuran 3G- 1kg ai/ha 7.32b (2.95) 1.43ab (1.35) 23.20b (4.78) 54.23d (7.34) 89b (11.25) 13.35
Untreated control 44.00c (0.62) 22.3c (4.77) 57.25c (7.57) 165.80f (12.73) 80d 12.00
SEd 0.46 0.37 0.37 0.10 2.28
CD (p=0.05%) 1.00 0.80 0.80 0.22 4.90

Effect of chitosan nanospheres on M. incognita juvenile mortality

Treatments Juvenile mortality in percentage (Mean of four replications)
24 h 48 h 72 h
Chitosan nanospheres at 100 ppm 13.00b (5.40) 21.5c (3.47) 26.5c (5.10)
Chitosan nanospheres at 500 ppm 27.25 b (5.14) 31.25b (5.67) 28.25c (5.26)
Chitosan nanospheres at 1000 ppm 29.00 b (5.85) 36.00b (5.96) 46.25b (6.70)
Chitosan nanospheres at 5000 ppm 100.00a (10.02) 10.00a (10.02) 100.00a (10.02)
Control 0.00c (0.707) 0.00d (0.70) 0.00d (0.70)
SEd 1.52 0.72 0.55
CD (p=0.01%) 4.48 2.14 1.64

Effect chitosan nanospheres against root knot nematode, M. incognita under pot culture conditions

Treatments Mean of three replications
Number of galls/5g of roots Number of egg masses/5g of roots Number of females/5g of roots Number of J2/100 cc of soil
Mean and transformed value Mean and transformed value Mean and transformed value Mean and transformed value
Chitosan nanospheres 1ml/plant+ M. incognita 13.30a (3.51) 11.67bcd (3.32) 17.67cd (4.25) 48.60bc (12.06)
Chitosan nanospheres 2ml/plant+ M. incognita 10.00a (3.12) 6.00b (2.53) 14.60b (3.87) 28.30ab (5.36)
Chitosan nanospheres 3ml/plant+ M. incognita 15.00a (3.87) 7.33bc (2.73) 17.60cd (4.25) 40.30bc (6.38)
Chitosan 1ml/plant+ M. incognita 18.00a (4.28) 19.00c (4.41) 22.30f (4.76) 62.00bcd (7.90)
Chitosan 2ml/plant + M. incognita 17.00a (4.25) 10.00bcd (3.22) 16.67c (4.13) 46.70bc (6.86)
Chitosan 3ml/plant + M. incognita 17.60a (3.34) 10.66bcd (3.30) 17.90d (4.19) 44.70bc (6.66)
Velum prime 0.5ml/plant + M. incognita 25.67a (4.87) 15.67de (3.95) 19.30e (4.44) 32.67bc (5.75)
P. lilacinum 1g/plant+M. incognita 17.67a (4.25) 13.39cde (1.37) 18.67e (4.44) 50.60bc (7.14)
Chitosan nanospheres without nematode Inoculums 0.00a (0.70) 0.00a (0.70) 0.00a (0.70) 0.00a (0.70)
Untreated control 61.30c (7.83) 37.16f (6.04) 43.67g (6.63) 105.60cd (10.21)
SEd 0.96 0.47 0.06 2.26
CD (p=0.01%) 2.73 1.36 0.18 6.44

Effect of chitosan nanospheres on the egg hatching of M. incognita

Treatments Number of hatched juveniles (Mean of four replications)
24 h 48 h 72 h
Mean and transformed value Mean and transformed value Mean and transformed value
Chitosan nanospheres at 100 ppm 12.50b (3.31) 16.50b (4.84) 41.50b (6.29)
Chitosan nanospheres at 500 ppm 10.50b (3.09) 14.16b (3.61) 26.50b (4.79)
Chitosan nanospheres at 1000 ppm 0.00a (0.70) 0.00a (0.70) 0.00a (0.70)
Chitosan nanospheres at 5000 ppm 0.00a (0.70) 0.00a (0.70) 0.00a (0.70)
Control- tap water 38.83c (6.21) 61.66c (7.85) 84.80c (17.27)
SEd 0.72 0.46 1.12
CD (p=0.01%) 2.29 1.48 3.88
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