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Reaction of Winter Cover Crops to Meloidogyne enterolobii and Glasshouse Bioassay for Evaluating Utility in Managing M. enterolobii in Soybeans

Neel Saha
Neel Saha
, 
Tanner Schwarz
Tanner Schwarz
, 
Samantha Mowery
Samantha Mowery
 y 
Adrienne M. Gorny
Adrienne M. Gorny
   | 02 may 2023
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Article Category: Research paper
Publicado en línea: 02 may 2023
Páginas: -
Recibido: 11 oct 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2023-0014
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© 2023 Saha et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Effect of preceding winter cover crop on soybean roots following (A) yellow mustard, (B) barley, and (C) ryegrass. Significant root galling was observed in soybean roots following yellow mustard, crimson clover, and hairy vetch, while no root galling was observed on the roots of barley, Streaker hulless oats, ryegrass, winter rye, or spring wheat.
Effect of preceding winter cover crop on soybean roots following (A) yellow mustard, (B) barley, and (C) ryegrass. Significant root galling was observed in soybean roots following yellow mustard, crimson clover, and hairy vetch, while no root galling was observed on the roots of barley, Streaker hulless oats, ryegrass, winter rye, or spring wheat.

Reproduction of Meloidogyne enterolobii on soybean after inoculation of preceding winter cover crop plants, Trial 1. Means (n = 8) followed by the same letter within each column are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.

Plant species Common name Eggs per gram of soybean root tissue RF moda
Hordeum vulgare Barley             10.1 b         0.05 b
Trifolium incarnatum Crimson clover         1914.2 a         7.84 a
Guillenia flavescens Yellow mustard         3104.3 a         7.19 a
Avena nuda Streaker hulless oats             15.2 b         0.07 b
Lolium multiflorum Ryegrass               6.8 b         0.03 b
Secale cereale Winter rye               6.9 b         0.04 b
Vinca villosa Hairy vetch         2195.3 a       11.33 a
Triticum aestivum Spring wheat               6.5 b         0.03 b
Lolium multiflorum Ryegrass (non-inoculated)               3.5 b         0.02 b
Trifolium incarnatum Crimson clover (non-inoculated)               4.3 b         0.02 b
P-valueb               0.0001     < 0.0001
MSEc             2380380     19.5

Host status of winter cover crops and response of soybean after inoculation of the preceding cover crop with the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii, Trial 1. Means (n = 8) followed by the same letter within each column are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.

Plant species Common name Root galling in cover cropa Soybean shoot weight (g) Soybean root weight (g) Soybean root galling severity
Hordeum vulgare Barley −         41.4 bc         52.0 abc             0 c
Trifolium incarnatum Crimson clover +         24.8 d         38.8 c         59.4 ab
Guillenia flavescens Yellow mustard +         31.2 cd         35.9 c         48.1 b
Avena nuda Streaker hulless oats −         42.6 bc         51.1 abc             0 c
Lolium multiflorum Ryegrass −         50.8 b         57.2 ab             0 c
Secale cereale Winter rye −         53.0 ab         49.9 abc             0 c
Vinca villosa Hairy vetch +         26.4 cd         51.4 abc         67.9 a
Triticum aestivum Spring wheat −         43.3 bc         44.1 bc             0 c
Lolium multiflorum Ryegrass (non-inoculated) −         65.9 a         67.0 a             0 c
Trifolium incarnatum Crimson clover (non-inoculated) −         65.6 a         63.7 a             0 c
P-valueb           <0.0001             0.0369           <0.0001
MSEc         166.4         295.7         169.2

Host status of winter cover crops and response of soybean after inoculation of the preceding cover crop with the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii, Trial 2. Means (n = 8) followed by the same letter within each column are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.

Plant species Common name Root galling in cover cropa Soybean shoot weight (g) Soybean root weight (g) Soybean root galling severity
Hordeum vulgare Barley −         14.92         31.59           0.3 d
Trifolium incarnatum Crimson clover +         10.09         16.20         26.7 b
Guillenia flavescens Yellow mustard +         10.09         18.83         14.6 c
Avena nuda Streaker hulless oats −         11.39         20.32             0 d
Lolium multiflorum Ryegrass −           6.35         17.71           0.3 d
Secale cereale Winter rye −         12.65         22.15           0.3 d
Vinca villosa Hairy vetch +           5.03         13.58         46.2 a
Triticum aestivum Spring wheat −           8.31         20.01           0.3 d
Lolium multiflorum Ryegrass (non-inoculated) −         11.99         20.12              0 d
Trifolium incarnatum Crimson clover (non-inoculated) −         11.47         17.41              0 d
P-valueb           0.070 (ns)           0.063 (ns)           <0.0001
MSEc         33.1         88.0         121.5

Reproduction of Meloidogyne enterolobii on soybean after inoculation of different proceeding winter cover crop plants, Trial 2. Means (n = 8) followed by the same letter within each column are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.

Plant species Common name Eggs per gram of soybean root tissue RF moda
Hordeum vulgare Barley             13.7 c         0.06 c
Trifolium incarnatum Crimson clover         6041.5 a         7.13 a
Guillenia flavescens Yellow mustard         1452.4 bc         3.71 b
Avena nuda Streaker hulless oats               3.7 c         0.01 c
Lolium multiflorum Ryegrass             10.8 c         0.02 c
Secale cereale Winter rye               5.0 c         0.01 c
Vinca villosa Hairy vetch         2476.6 b         2.15 bc
Triticum aestivum Spring wheat               9.2 c         0.02 c
Lolium multiflorum Ryegrass (non-inoculated)             16.4 c         0.02 c
Trifolium incarnatum Crimson clover (non-inoculated)                   0 c             0 c
P-valueb           < 0.0001           0.0003
MSEc         2396198         11.1
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