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Vertical Distribution of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Sweet Potato

Bernard Kemboi
Bernard Kemboi
, 
Hannah Karuri
Hannah Karuri
, 
Justine M. Nyaga
Justine M. Nyaga
 y 
Aaron J. Kingsbury
Aaron J. Kingsbury
   | 21 ago 2022
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Article Category: Research Paper
Publicado en línea: 21 ago 2022
Páginas: -
Recibido: 10 mar 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2022-0025
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© 2022 Kemboi et al. published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Soil sampling sites at Central, Manyatta, and Nembure regions in Embu County, Kenya.
Soil sampling sites at Central, Manyatta, and Nembure regions in Embu County, Kenya.

Figure 2

Abundance (mean ± standard error) of nematode genera in 250 g of soil from sweet potato fields in Central, Manyatta, and Nembure regions of Embu County, Kenya at 0 cm to 30 cm and 30 cm to 60 cm depths. Cos: Coslenchus; Hel: Helicotylenchus; Hem: Hemicycliophora; Hop: Hoplolaimus; Lon: Longidorus; Mal: Malenchus; Mel: Meloidogyne; Pra: Pratylenchus; Psi: Psilenchus; Rol: Rotylenchulus; Rot: Rotylenchus; Scut: Scutellonema; Tric: Trichodorus; Tyrh: Tylenchorhynchus; Tyl: Tylenchus; Xip: Xiphinema.
Abundance (mean ± standard error) of nematode genera in 250 g of soil from sweet potato fields in Central, Manyatta, and Nembure regions of Embu County, Kenya at 0 cm to 30 cm and 30 cm to 60 cm depths. Cos: Coslenchus; Hel: Helicotylenchus; Hem: Hemicycliophora; Hop: Hoplolaimus; Lon: Longidorus; Mal: Malenchus; Mel: Meloidogyne; Pra: Pratylenchus; Psi: Psilenchus; Rol: Rotylenchulus; Rot: Rotylenchus; Scut: Scutellonema; Tric: Trichodorus; Tyrh: Tylenchorhynchus; Tyl: Tylenchus; Xip: Xiphinema.

Figure 3

Abundance (mean ± standard error) of nematode genera in 250 g of soil from sweet potato fields in Central, Nembure, and Manyatta regions of Embu County, Kenya. Cos: Coslenchus; Hel: Helicotylenchus; Hem: Hemicycliophora; Hop: Hoplolaimus; Lon: Longidorus; Mal: Malenchus; Mel: Meloidogyne; Pra: Pratylenchus; Psi: Psilenchus; Rol: Rotylenchulus; Rot: Rotylenchus; Scut: Scutellonema; Tric: Trichodorus; Tyrh: Tylenchorhynchus; Tyl: Tylenchus; Xip: Xiphinema.
Abundance (mean ± standard error) of nematode genera in 250 g of soil from sweet potato fields in Central, Nembure, and Manyatta regions of Embu County, Kenya. Cos: Coslenchus; Hel: Helicotylenchus; Hem: Hemicycliophora; Hop: Hoplolaimus; Lon: Longidorus; Mal: Malenchus; Mel: Meloidogyne; Pra: Pratylenchus; Psi: Psilenchus; Rol: Rotylenchulus; Rot: Rotylenchus; Scut: Scutellonema; Tric: Trichodorus; Tyrh: Tylenchorhynchus; Tyl: Tylenchus; Xip: Xiphinema.

Figure 4

Additive γ diversity partitioning (into α and β components) of (A) nematode genus richness, (B) Shannon–Weaver diversity, and (C) Simpson diversity in sweet potato fields in Central, Manyatta, and Nembure regions in Embu County, Kenya at 0 cm to 30 cm and 30 cm to 60 cm depths.
Additive γ diversity partitioning (into α and β components) of (A) nematode genus richness, (B) Shannon–Weaver diversity, and (C) Simpson diversity in sweet potato fields in Central, Manyatta, and Nembure regions in Embu County, Kenya at 0 cm to 30 cm and 30 cm to 60 cm depths.

Figure 5

NMDS ordination of nematode communities in sweet potato fields in Central, Manyatta, and Nembure regions in Embu County, Kenya at 0 cm to 30 cm and 30 cm to 60 cm depths (NMDS Stress = 0.2). NMDS, nonmetric multidimensional scaling.
NMDS ordination of nematode communities in sweet potato fields in Central, Manyatta, and Nembure regions in Embu County, Kenya at 0 cm to 30 cm and 30 cm to 60 cm depths (NMDS Stress = 0.2). NMDS, nonmetric multidimensional scaling.

Figure 6

Coinertia analysis of nematode genera and soil properties at 0 cm to 30 cm depth in Central, Manyatta, and Nembure regions in Embu County, Kenya (RV = 0.13, P = 0.05, Monte Carlo permutation test).
Coinertia analysis of nematode genera and soil properties at 0 cm to 30 cm depth in Central, Manyatta, and Nembure regions in Embu County, Kenya (RV = 0.13, P = 0.05, Monte Carlo permutation test).

Soil properties in sweet potato fields at 0–30 cm depth in Central, Manyatta, and Nembure regions in Embu County, Kenya.

Soil property Central Manyatta Nembure P value
Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE
pH 4.89 0.23 4.70 0.16 4.72 0.14 0.74
Total Nitrogen% 0.36 0.01 0.38 0.02 0.29 0.03 0.02*
Total Organic Carbon% 4.04 0.14 4.25 0.20 3.36 0.31 0.02*
Phosphorus ppm 25.31 4.43 17.33 2.09 14.86 2.76 0.08
Potassium meq% 0.92 0.16 1.10 0.12 0.84 0.14 0.42
Calcium meq% 2.56 0.69 2.55 0.65 1.81 0.62 0.67
Magnesium meq% 3.39 0.34 3.29 0.33 3.29 0.28 0.97
Manganese meq% 0.79 0.04 0.85 0.05 0.66 0.05 0.02*
Copper ppm 4.83 2.09 3.55 1.34 1.26 0.30 0.26
Iron ppm 27.25 4.15 33.38 7.11 26.68 5.00 0.64
Zinc ppm 34.12 3.49 23.01 2.54 16.18 2.47 <0.0001***
Sodium meq% 0.58 0.03 0.44 0.03 0.46 0.04 0.02*
Sand (%) 10.00 3.89 15.87 5.50 13.71 6.24 0.72
Clay (%) 77.63 3.73 72.13 5.28 75.29 6.15 0.74
Silt (%) 12.38 0.33 12.00 0.34 11.00 0.35 0.02*

Two-way analysis of variance (P values) of region, depth, and their interaction on nematode genera, Pielou’s evenness, Shannon–Weaver, and Simpson diversity indices in sweet potato fields in Central, Manyatta, and Nembure regions of Embu County, Kenya.

Region Depth Region × depth
Nematode genera
Coslenchus 0.11 0.64 0.72
Helicotylenchus 0.97 0.97 0.93
Longidorus 0.98 0.08 0.14
Meloidogyne 0.4 0.35 0.71
Pratylenchus 0.1 0.91 0.81
Rotylenchulus 0.83 0.68 0.83
Rotylenchus 0.65 0.36 0.96
Scutellonema 0.08 0.81 0.75
Trichodorus 0.49 0.17 0.3
Tylenchorhynchus 0.06 0.33 0.83
Tylenchus 0.15 0.32 0.01*
Xiphinema 0.78 0.9 0.07
Psilenchus <0.0001*** 0.93 1
Hemicycliophora 0.01* 0.9 0.98
Hoplolaimus 0.05* 0.56 0.71
Malenchus 0.15 0.79 0.93
Diversity indices
Shannon–Weaver diversity 0.04* 0.03* 0.53
Simpson diversity 0.08 0.05* 0.84
Pielou’s evenness 0.89 0.41 0.24

Simpson and Shannon–Weaver diversity indices of nematode communities in sweet potato fields in Central, Manyatta, and Nembure regions in Embu County, Kenya at 0 cm to 30 cm and 30 cm to 60 cm depths.

Region Shannon–Weaver diversity Simpson diversity
Mean SE Mean SE
Central 1.29a,b 0.06 0.64a 0.02
Manyatta 1.36a 0.06 0.67a 0.02
Nembure 1.12b 0.08 0.58a 0.04
Depth
0–30 cm 1.38a 0.05 0.68a 0.02
30–60 cm 1.15b 0.06 0.59b 0.03
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