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Influencing factors and group differences in medical data sharing in clinical research scenarios

Meng Zhang

Meng Zhang

School of Public Health, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
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Zhang, Meng
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Dongmei Mu

Dongmei Mu

  • School of Public Health, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
  • The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
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Mu, Dongmei
 y 
Ping Wang

Ping Wang

School of Public Health, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
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Wang, Ping
  
06 sept 2025
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Categoría del artículo: Research Papers
Publicado en línea: 06 sept 2025
Recibido: 02 abr 2025
Aceptado: 26 ago 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jdis-2025-0049
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© 2025 Meng Zhang et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Schematic diagram of medical data circulation and use.
Schematic diagram of medical data circulation and use.

Figure 2.

The concept model of CRS-USB.
The concept model of CRS-USB.

Differences in constructs of shared experiences_

Constructs Yes(N=219) No(N=141) T P
Mean value Standard deviation Mean value Standard deviation
Trust 4.142 0.584 3.723 0.859 5.076 <0.01
Sharing intention 4.139 0.522 4.012 0.919 1.489 >0.05
Individual innovation 3.997 0.603 3.697 0.898 3.487 <0.01
Self efficacy 4.027 0.649 3.736 0.932 3.242 <0.01
Sharing behavior 4.048 0.607 3.528 0.930 5.879 <0.01

Confirmatory factor analysis results_

Constructs Items Factor loadings AVE CR
Performance expectation PE4 0.654 0.445 0.761
PE3 0.61
PE2 0.662
PE1 0.736
Effort expectation EE4 0.715 0.513 0.809
EE3 0.761
EE2 0.676
EE1 0.713
Trust TR4 0.704 0.495 0.796
TR3 0.737
TR2 0.685
TR1 0.686
Community impact CI4 0.78 0.507 0.803
CI3 0.763
CI2 0.614
CI1 0.679
Data transparency DT4 0.769 0.496 0.745
DT3 0.72
DT2 0.614
Individual innovation II1 0.712 0.479 0.734
II3 0.664
II4 0.699
Self efficacy SE1 0.787 0.548 0.829
SE2 0.759
SE3 0.71
SE4 0.701
Sharing intention SI1 0.736 0.477 0.731
SI3 0.611
SI4 0.719
Sharing behavior SB1 0.744 0.550 0.830
SB2 0.728
SB3 0.755
SB4 0.738

Single factor ANOVA test results_

Variable Category Trust Sharing intention Individual innovation Self efficacy Sharing behavior
Mean value Standard deviation Mean value Standard deviation Mean value Standard deviation Mean value Standard deviation Mean value Standard deviation
Years of research work Less than 5 years 3.836 0.815 4.005 0.829 3.754 0.793 3.812 0.839 3.691 0.857
6-10 years 4.176 0.538 4.177 0.531 3.982 0.671 4 0.646 4.052 0.658
11-15 years 4.034 0.702 4.174 0.422 4.061 0.656 4.08 0.833 4 0.605
16-20 years 4.225 0.606 4.033 0.745 4.133 0.526 4.1 0.709 3.5 0.95
More than 21 years 4 0.685 4.667 0.577 4.267 0.925 4 0.884 4.4 0.518
F 4.323** 2.138 3.21* 1.802 5.481**
1<2 1<2,3 1<2,3,5
LSD post mortem 4<5 2>4
Professional identity Medico 3.75 0.856 4.054 0.842 3.723 0.877 3.772 0.893 3.657 0.92
Clinician 4.102 0.667 4.156 0.553 4.042 0.629 4.031 0.721 4 0.737
Researcher 4.234 0.474 4.152 0.553 3.975 0.598 4.003 0.673 3.981 0.574
F 10.223** 2.066 4.313** 2.782* 5.092**
LSD post mortem 1<2,3 1<2,3 1<2,3 1<2,3
Data level requirement Level 1 4.074 0.683 4.000 0.687 3.549 0.526 4.074 0.564 3.838 0.701
Level 2 3.976 0.547 3.875 0.646 3.944 0.669 3.767 0.750 3.757 0.662
Level 3 4.097 0.696 4.234 0.661 3.790 0.832 3.908 0.911 3.860 0.775
Level 4 3.911 0.823 4.121 0.749 3.909 0.765 3.940 0.793 3.845 0.860
Level 5 4.202 0.445 4.206 0.477 3.905 0.700 4.048 0.546 4.107 0.620
F 1.352 2.608* 1.26 1.014 0.804
LSD post mortem 2<3,4

Differential validity test results_

Constructs PE EE TR CI DT II SE SI SB
Performance expectation 0.667
Effort expectation 0.301 0.716
Trust 0.52 0.525 0.704
Community impact 0.519 0.289 0.459 0.712
Data transparency 0.497 0.216 0.462 0.399 0.704
Individual innovation 0.376 0.506 0.39 0.41 0.357 0.692
Self efficacy 0.372 0.354 0.366 0.427 0.359 0.354 0.740
Sharing intention 0.412 0.398 0.37 0.377 0.359 0.525 0.413 0.691
Sharing behavior 0.438 0.542 0.418 0.473 0.341 0.458 0.459 0.447 0.742

Scales and supporting literature

Latent variable Indicator number Observation index Reference source
Performance expectation PE1 It can enable you to obtain rich data resources Venkatesh(2003) Yang(2010)
PE2 It can enhance the efficiency of your clinical research
PE3 It can promptly meet your data requirements
PE4 It is helpful for academic research institutions to cultivate talents
Effort expectation EE1 You think the process of medical data sharing is easy to understand and operate
EE2 You can skillfully share medical data
EE3 You can obtain the data you need very conveniently
EE4 The process of applying to the ethics committee for approval and submitting a research plan is relatively simple
Trust TR1 Medical data itself has academic research value Chang(2011)
TR2 The reliability of medical data sharing channels (platforms)
TR3 The medical data obtained is complete and true
TR4 The controller will sincerely share medical data
Community influence CI1 Other clinical researchers share medical data Venkatesh(2003)
CI2 Seeing a friend using shared data and recommending it to you
CI3 The research team suggests that you obtain and use shared data for clinical research
CI4 Academic research institutions support you in sharing medical data
Data transparency DT1 Doctors and other authorized personnel can access the data Yang(2014) O’Malley et al.(2009)
DT2 Data can be used for various purposes such as research and medical decisionmaking
DT3 The methods for obtaining and processing medical data are open and transparent
DT4 Medical institutions and professionals are responsible for the accuracy and security of the data
Individual innovation II1 You enjoy trying new ways to carry out academic practice Agarwal(1998) Goldsmith(2002) Yen(2020)
II2 You are willing to try to obtain the required data through medical data sharing at the first time
II3 You were among the first in the research team to share medical data
II4 You often use shared data for clinical research
Self efficacy SE1 You believe that you can obtain the data you want He & Chang(2014)
SE2 You believe that through your efforts, you can achieve medical data sharing
SE3 When sharing medical data, you have multiple ways to overcome difficulties
SE4 You will feel confident in participating in the sharing of medical data
Sharing intention SI1 You are willing to participate in the medical data sharing activities Bock(2005) Taylor(1995)
SI2 You are willing to use data generated by other medical institutions in accordance with ethical and regulatory requirements
SI3 You are willing to pay for high-quality medical data
SI4 You are willing to promote the importance of medical data sharing to your colleagues and classmates around you
Sharing behavior SB1 You often participate in medical data sharing activities
SB2 You regularly browse the data on the medical data sharing platform
SB3 You often use the data on the medical data sharing platform
SB4 You participate in training or meetings related to data sharing

Hypotheses test results_

Hypotheses Path β t P Test results
H1 Performance expectation → Sharing intention 0.195 2.098 * Support
H2 Effort expectation → Sharing intention 0.336 4.145 *** Support
H3 Trust → Sharing intention -0.086 -0.874 0.382 nonsupport
H4 Community Impact → Sharing intention 0.175 2.171 * Support
H5 Data Transparency → Sharing intention 0.181 2.179 * Support
H6 Trust → Sharing behavior 0.199 2.935 ** Support
H7 Sharing intention → Sharing behavior 0.199 2.892 ** Support
H8 Individual innovation → Sharing behavior 0.249 3.457 *** Support
H9 Self efficacy → Sharing behavior 0.240 3.741 *** Support
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