Physiologically based cord clamping (PBCC) | 7 (21.2) | 4/15 (26.7) | 3/18 (16.7) | 0.264 |
Delayed cord clamping (DCC) | 23 (69.7) | 8/15 (53.3) | 10/18 (55.6) | |
Immediate cord clamping (ICC) | 2 (6.1) | 3/15 (20.0) | 4/18 (22.2) | |
Milking | 1 (3.0) | 0/15 (0) | 1/18 (5.6) | |
PBCC | 6 (18.2) | 4/15 (26.7) | 2/18 (11.1) | 0.598 |
DCC | 13 (39.4) | 4/15 (26.7) | 4/18 (22.2) | |
ICC | 12 (36.4) | 6/15 (40.0) | 11/18 (61.1) | |
Milking | 2 (6.1) | 1/15 (6.7) | 1/18 (5.6) | |
PBCC | 1 (3.0) | 0/15 (0) | 1/18 (5.6) | 0.216 |
DCC | 2 (6.1) | 0/15 (0) | 2/18 (11.1) | |
ICC | 26 (78.8) | 13/15 (86.7) | 13/18 (72.2) | |
Milking | 4 (12.1) | 2/15 (13.3) | 2/18 (11.1) | |
PBCC | 6 (18.2) | 4/15 (26.7) | 2/18 (11.1) | 0.732 |
DCC | 21 (63.6) | 5/15 (33.3) | 11/18 (55.6) | |
ICC | 6 (18.2) | 6/15 (40.0) | 6/18 (33.3) | |
Milking | 0 (0) | 0/15 (0) | 0/18 (0) | |
PBCC | 4 (12.1) | 3/15 (20.0) | 1/18 (5.5) | 0.970 |
DCC | 11 (33.3) | 3/15 (20.0) | 5/18 (27.8) | |
ICC | 15 (45.5) | 6/15 (40.0) | 12/18 (66.7) | |
Milking | 3 (9.1) | 3/15 (20.0) | 0/18 (0) | |
PBCC | 11 (33.3) | 6/14 (42.8) | 5/18 (27.8) | 0.079 |
DCC | 6 (18.2) | 5/14 (35.7) | 1/18 (5.5) | |
ICC | 8 (24.2) | 1/14 (7.1) | 7/18 (38.9) | |
Milking | 7 (21.2) | 2/14 (14.2) | 5/18 (27.8) | |
PBCC | 7 (21.2) | 5/15 (33.3) | 2/18 (11.1) | 0.051 |
DCC | 8 (24.2) | 5/15 (33.3) | 3/18 (16.7) | |
ICC | 12 (36.4) | 3/15 (20.0) | 9/18 (50.0) | |
Milking | 6 (18.2) | 2/15 (13.3) | 4/18 (22.2) | |
PBCC | 8 (24.2) | 5/15 (33.3) | 3/18 (16.7) | 0.164 |
DCC | 7 (21.2) | 4/15 (26.7) | 3/18 (16.7) | |
ICC | 12 (36.4) | 4/15 (26.7) | 8/18 (44.4) | |
Milking | 6 (18.2) | 2/15 (13.3) | 4/18 (22.2) | |
PBCC | 7 (21.2) | 5/15 (33.3) | 2/18 (11.1) | 0.160 |
DCC | 7 (21.2) | 4/15 (26.7) | 3/18 (16.7) | |
ICC | 13 (39.4) | 3/15 (20.0) | 10/18 (55.6) | |
Milking | 6 (18.2) | 3/15 (20.0) | 3/18 (16.7) |
Courses on neonatal resuscitation routinely | ||||
6–12 months | 20 (60.1) | 11/15 (73.3) | 9/18 (50.0) | 0.157 |
12–24 months | 13 (39.4) | 4/15 (26.7) | 9/18 (50.0) | |
>24 months | 0 (0) | 0/15 (0) | 0/18 (0) | |
Neonatal Resuscitation algorithm | ||||
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) | 28 (84.8) | 11/15 (73.3) | 17/18 n (94.4) | 0.185 |
European Resuscitation Council (ERC) | 3 (9.1) | 2/15 (13.3) | 1/18 (5.5) | |
Romanian Resuscitation Guidelines | 3 (9.1) | 2/15 (13.3) | 1/18 (5.5) |
33 | 15 | 18 | ||
18 | 15 | 3 | ||
Number of births 2018 | 81139 | 45431 | 35708 | 0.006 |
3028.73±1258.38 | 1983.78±769.99 | |||
Lowest GA of routinely assisted infants in Delivery Room (DR) | 33 (100) | 25.07±3.03 (23–32) | 30.44±3.28 (23–33) | <0.001 |
Median 24 | Median 32 | |||
Inborn infants with BW<1500 admitted to NICU in 2018/No of reporting centres | 23 (69.7) | 66.86±39.14 | 22.87±31.50 | 0.002 |
14/15 (93.33) | 15/18 (83.33) | |||
Outborn infants with BW<1500 admitted to NICU in 2018/No of reporting centres | 20 (60.1) | 15.50±11.02 | 8.93±14.99 | 0.193 |
14/15 (93.33) | 15/18 (83.33) | |||
Antenatal counseling before the delivery | 13/33 (39.4) | 9/15 (60.0) | 4/18 (22.2) | 0.027 |
Nasal CPAP/HFNC | 33 (100) | 15/15 (100) | 18/18 (100) | NA |
Mechanical ventilation (MV) | 29 (87.9) | 15/15 (100) | 14/18 (77.8) | 0.229 |
High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) | 20 (60.6) | 12/15 (80.0) | 8/18 (44.4) | 0.041 |
Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) | 7 (21.2) | 7/15 (46.7) | 0/18 (0) | 0.002 |
Therapeutic hypothermia | 10 (30.3) | 8/15 (53.3) | 2/18 (11.1) | 0.012 |
CPAP in delivery room | 33 (100) | 15/15 (100) | 18/18 (100) | NA |
ECMO | 0 (0) | 0/15 (0) | 0/18 (0) | NA |
Resuscitation team present at every delivery | 27 (81.8) | 12/15 (80) | 15/18 (83.3) | 0.459 |
Pediatrician/neonatologist | 29 (87.9) | 13/15 (86.7) | 16/18 (88.9) | 0.626 |
Obstetrician | 3 (9.1) | 1/15 (6.7) | 2/18 (11.1) | 0.570 |
Anesthesiologist | 1 (3.0) | 0/15 (0) | 1/18 (5.6) | 0.545 |
Nurse | 6 (18.2) | 2/15 (13.3) | 4/18 (22.2) | 0.423 |
Midwife | 32 (97) | 15/15 (100) | 17/18 (94.4) | 0.545 |
Pediatrician/neonatologist | 33 (100) | 15/15 (100) | 18/18 (100) | NA |
Obstetrician | 4 (12.1) | 2/15 (13.3) | 2/18 (11.1) | 0.626 |
Anesthesiologist | 3 (9.1) | 1/15 (6.7) | 2/18 (11.1) | 0.570 |
Nurse | 6 (18.2) | 3/15 (20.0) | 3/18 (16.7) | 0.577 |
Midwife | 33 (100) | 15/15 (100) | 18/18 (100) | NA |
Pediatrician/neonatologist | 33 (100) | 15/15 (100) | 18/18 (100) | NA |
Obstetrician | 0 (0) | 0/15 (0) | 0/18 (0) | NA |
Anesthesiologist | 8 (24.2) | 3/15 (20.0) | 5/18 (27.38) | 0.459 |
Nurse | 0 (0) | 0/15 (0) | 0/18 (0) | NA |
Yes | 19 (57.6) | 15/15 (100.0) | 18/18 (100) | NA |
Range | 20 (60.6) | 22–32 | 22–32 | - |
Median gestational age | 20 (60.6) | 24 | 24 | NA |
Gestational age limit /No of reporting centres | 20 (60.6) | 23.53±0.74 | 24.44±2.04 | 0.111 |
Yes | 24 (72.7) | 11/15 (73.3) | 13/18 (72.2) | 0.627 |
Time limit (minutes±SD) /No of reporting centers | 23 (69.7) | 22.73±13.85 / 11/15 (73.3) | 20.83±6.33 / 12/18 (66.7) | 0.673 |
Temperature (T°) of DR °C | 33 (100) | 24.40±1.05 | 24.39±1.24 | 0.978 |
T° of operating room °C | 33 (100) | 23.33±2.02 | 23.83±1.82 | 0.461 |
Increasing DR T° | 13 (39.4) | 5/15 (33.3) | 8/18 (44.4) | 0.386 |
Preheating the radiant warmer | 29 (87.9) | 15/15 (100.0) | 17/18 (94.4) | 0.370 |
Servo-controlled T° | 23 (69.7) | 11/15 (73.3) | 12/18 (66.7) | 0.488 |
Pre-warmed towels | 33 (100) | 15/15 (100) | 18/18 (100) | NA |
Polyethylene plastic bag or wrap | 24 (72.7) | 11/15 (73.3) | 13/18 (72.2) | 0.627 |
Hat | 20 (60.6) | 10/15 (66.7) | 10/18 (55.6) | 0.386 |
Thermal mattress | 7 (21.2) | 3/15 (20.0) | 4/18 (22.2) | 0.609 |
Heated/humidified gases | 18 (54.5) | 13/15 (86.7) | 14/18 (77.8) | 0.525 |
Within 1 hour | ||||
1–2 hours | 19 (57.5) | 9/15 (60.0) | 10/18 (55.6) | - |
2–4 hours | 2 (6.1) | 1/15 (6.7) | 1/18 (5.5) | |
4–6 hours | 12 (36.4) | 5/15 (33.3) | 7/18 (38.9) | |
Mean±SD | 33 (100) | 2.53±1.96 | 2.72±1.93 | 0.783 |
Range | 33 (100) | 1–5 | 1–5 | - |
Median | 33 (100) | 1.0 | 1.5 | - |
Palpation of the umbilical cord | 21 (63.6) | 8/15 (53.3) | 13/18 (72.2) | |
Palpation of peripheral pulses | 1 (3.0) | 0/15 (0) | 1/18 (5.5) | |
Stethoscope | 33 (100) | 15/15 (100) | 18/18 (100) | |
Three-lead ECG monitor | 2 (6.1) | 0/15 (0) | 2/18 (11.1) | |
Pulse oximeter | 22 (66.7) | 11/15 (73.3) | 11/18 (61.1) | |
Yes | 12 (36.4) | 7/15 (46.7) | 5/18 (27.8) | |
LISA | 2 (6.1) | 1/14 (7.1) | 1/18 (5.5) | |
INSURE | 9 (27.3) | 6/15 (40.0) | 3/18 (16.7) | |
Caffeine use in delivery room | ||||
Yes | 4 (12.1) | 2/15 (13.3) | 2/18 (11.1) | |
Yes | 3 (9.1) | 0/15 (0) | 3/18 (16.7) | |
Asphyxia | 1 (3.0) | 0/15 (0) | 1/18 (5.5) | |
Severe metabolic acidosis | 2 (6.1) | 0/15 (0) | 2/18 (11.1) |
Air/oxygen blender | 29 (87.9) | 15/15 (100) | 14/18 (77.8) | 0.075 |
Pulse oximeter | 29 (87.9) | 15/15 (100) | 14/18 (77.8) | 0.075 |
Heated/humidified gases availability | 17 (51.5) | 8/15 (53.3) | 9/18 (50.0) | 0.483 |
21% | 27 (81.8) | 12/15 (80.0) | 15/18 (83.3) | - |
30% | 5 (15.2) | 3/15 (20.0) | 2/18(11.1) | - |
50% | 1 (3.0) | 0/15 (0) | 1 (5.5) | - |
Mean±SD | 33 (100) | 22.80±3.72 | 23.61±7.19 | 0.696 |
Range | 33 (100) | 21–30 | 21–100 | - |
Median | 33 (100) | 21 | 21 | - |
21% | 5 (15.2) | 1/15 (6.7) | 4/18 (22.2) | - |
25–30% | 24 (70.7) | 14/15 (93.3) | 10/18 (55.5) | - |
40% | 2 (6.1) | 0/15 (0) | 2/18 (11.1) | - |
60% | 1 (3.0) | 0/15 (0) | 1/18 (5.5) | - |
100% | 1 (3.0) | 0/15 (0) | 1/18 (5.5) | - |
Mean±SD | 33 (100) | 29.40±2.32 | 34.31±18.79 | 0.316 |
Range | 33 (100) | 21–30 | 21–100 | - |
Median | 33 (100) | 30 | 30 | - |
Self-inflating bag | 12 (36.4) | 7/15 (46.7) | 5/18 (27.8) | 0.514 |
T-piece device (Neopuff) | 21 (63.6) | 10/15 (66.7) | 11/18 (61.1) | |
Mechanical ventilator | 0 (0) | |||
Facial mask | 24 (72.7) | 14/15 (93.3) | 10/18 (55.5) | 0.018 |
Short binasal prongs | 9 (27.3) | 1/15 (6.7) | 8/18 (44.4) | |
Laryngeal mask | 4 (12.1) | 2/15 (13.3) | 2/18 (11.1) | 0.626 |
Excellent | 16 (48.5) | 10/15 (66.7) | 6/18 (33.3) | 0.141 |
Good | 13 (39.4) | 5/15 (33.3) | 8/18 (44.4) | |
Sufficient | 3 (9.11) | 0/15 (0) | 3/18 (16.7) | |
Insufficient | 3 (3.0) | 0/15 (0) | 1/18 (5.5) | |
Yes, routinely | 7 (24.2) | 2/15 (13.3) | 5/18 (27.8) | 0.140 |
Yes, occasionally | 8 (21.2) | 6/15 (40.0) | 2/18 (11.1) | |
Never | 18 (54.5) | 7/15 (46.7) | 11/18 (61.1) | |
<18 cm H2O | 7 (21.2) | 2/15 (13.3) | 5/18 (27.8) | 0.225 |
20 cm H2O | 9 (27.3) | 4/15 (26.7) | 5/18 (27.8) | |
25 cm H2O | 17 (51.5) | 9/15 (60.0) | 8/18 (44.4) | |
Mean±SD | 33 (100) | 22.0±3.23 | 20.72±2.69 | |
Range | 33 (100) | 15–25 | 16–25 | |
Median | 33 (100) | 21 | 20 | |
<18 cm H2O | 14 (42.4) | 4/12 (33.3) | 10/17 (58.8) | - |
20 cm H2O | 11 (33.3) | 3/12 (25.0) | 1/17 (5.9) | - |
25 cm H2O | 4 (12.1) | 5/12 (41.7) | 6/17 (35.3) | - |
Mean±SD | 33 (100) | 20.42±3.39 | 18.76±3.68 | 0.230 |
Range | 33 (100) | 15–25 | 8–25 | - |
Median | 33 (100) | 20 | 18 | - |
4 | 1 (3.0) | 0/15 (0) | 1/18 (5.5) | - |
5 | 16 (48.5) | 9/15 (60.0) | 7/18 (38.9) | - |
6 | 14 (42.4) | 5/15 (33.3) | 9/18 (50.0) | - |
7 | 1 (3.0) | 1/15 (6.7) | 1/18 (5.5) | - |
8 | 1 (3.0) | 0/15 (0) | 0/18 (0) | - |
Mean±SD | 33 (100) | 5.47±0.64 | 5.61±0.85 | 0.592 |
Range | 33 (100) | 5–7 | 4–8 | - |
Median | 33 (100) | 5 | 6 | - |
5 | 18 (54.5) | 8/12 (66.7) | 10/17 (58.8) | - |
6 | 10 (30.3) | 3/12 (25.0) | 7/17 (41.2) | - |
7 | 1 (3.0) | 1/12 (8.3) | 0/17 (0) | - |
8 | 0 (0) | 0/12 | 0/17 | - |
Mean±SD | 33 (100) | 5.42±0.67 | 5.41±0.50 | 0.982 |
Range | 33 (100) | 5–7 | 5–6 | - |
Median | 33 (100) | 5 | 5 | - |
Suctioning of the oro- and nasopharynx before delivery of the shoulders | 5 (15.2) | 2/14 (14.3) | 3/18 (16.7) | 0.467 |
Intubation and subglottic aspiration | 5 (15.2) | 1/14 (7.1) | 4/18 (22.2) | |
Starting PPV after removing secretions | 22 (66.7) | 11/14 (78.6) | 11/18 (61.1) |