Early Lactate Clearance as a Determinant of Survival in Patients with Sepsis: Findings from a Low-resource Country

1Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M, et al. The third international consensus definition for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). Jama. 2016;315(8):801-10. Singer M Deutschman CS Seymour CW Shankar-Hari M Annane D Bauer M et al The third international consensus definition for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3) Jama 201631588011010.1001/jama.2016.0287496857426903338Search in Google Scholar

2Rudd KE, Johnson SC, Agesa KM, Shackelford KA, Tsoi D, Kievlan DR, et al. Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990–2017: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. The Lancet. 2020;395(10219):200-11. Rudd KE Johnson SC Agesa KM Shackelford KA Tsoi D Kievlan DR et al Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990–2017: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study The Lancet 2020395102192001110.1016/S0140-6736(19)32989-7697022531954465Search in Google Scholar

3Fleischmann C, Scherag A, Adhikari NK, Hartog CS, Tsaganos T, Schlattmann P, et al. Assessment of global incidence and mortality of hospital-treated sepsis. Current estimates and limitations. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2016;193(3):259-72. Fleischmann C Scherag A Adhikari NK Hartog CS Tsaganos T Schlattmann P et al Assessment of global incidence and mortality of hospital-treated sepsis. Current estimates and limitations American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 201619332597210.1164/rccm.201504-0781OC26414292Search in Google Scholar

4Phua J, Koh Y, Du B, Tang Y-Q, Divatia JV, Tan CC, et al. Management of severe sepsis in patients admitted to Asian intensive care units: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2011;342. Phua J Koh Y Du B Tang Y-Q Divatia JV Tan CC et al Management of severe sepsis in patients admitted to Asian intensive care units: prospective cohort study BMJ 201134210.1136/bmj.d3245311333321669950Search in Google Scholar

5Previsdomini M, Gini M, Cerutti B, Dolina M, Perren A. Predictors of positive blood cultures in critically ill patients: a retrospective evaluation. Croatian medical journal. 2012;53(1):30-9. Previsdomini M Gini M Cerutti B Dolina M Perren A Predictors of positive blood cultures in critically ill patients: a retrospective evaluation Croatian medical journal 201253130910.3325/cmj.2012.53.30328417722351576Search in Google Scholar

6Khan DA, Rahman A, Khan FA. Is procalcitonin better than C‐ reactive protein for early diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia in children? Journal of clinical laboratory analysis. 2010;24(1):1-5. Khan DA Rahman A Khan FA Is procalcitonin better than C‐ reactive protein for early diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia in children? Journal of clinical laboratory analysis 20102411510.1002/jcla.20333664767220087955Search in Google Scholar

7Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, Levy MM, Antonelli M, Ferrer R, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for the management of sepsis and septic shock: 2016. Intensive care medicine. 2017;43(3):304-77. Rhodes A Evans LE Alhazzani W Levy MM Antonelli M Ferrer R et al Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for the management of sepsis and septic shock: 2016 Intensive care medicine 20174333047710.1007/s00134-017-4683-628101605Search in Google Scholar

8Casserly B, Phillips GS, Schorr C, Dellinger RP, Townsend SR, Osborn TM, et al. Lactate measurements in sepsis-induced tissue hypoperfusion: results from the Surviving Sepsis Campaign database. Critical care medicine. 2015;43(3):567-73. Casserly B Phillips GS Schorr C Dellinger RP Townsend SR Osborn TM et al Lactate measurements in sepsis-induced tissue hypoperfusion: results from the Surviving Sepsis Campaign database Critical care medicine 20154335677310.1097/CCM.000000000000074225479113Search in Google Scholar

9Sterling SA, Puskarich MA, Shapiro NI, Trzeciak S, Kline JA, Summers RL, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of patients with vasoplegic versus tissue dysoxic septic shock. Shock (Augusta, Ga). 2013;40(1):11. Sterling SA Puskarich MA Shapiro NI Trzeciak S Kline JA Summers RL et al Characteristics and outcomes of patients with vasoplegic versus tissue dysoxic septic shock Shock (Augusta, Ga) 20134011110.1097/SHK.0b013e318298836d398258723649098Search in Google Scholar

10Howell MD, Donnino M, Clardy P, Talmor D, Shapiro NI. Occult hypoperfusion and mortality in patients with suspected infection. Intensive care medicine. 2007;33(11):1892-9. Howell MD Donnino M Clardy P Talmor D Shapiro NI Occult hypoperfusion and mortality in patients with suspected infection Intensive care medicine 200733111892910.1007/s00134-007-0680-517618418Search in Google Scholar

11Kruse JA, Zaidi SA, Carlson RW. Significance of blood lactate levels in critically III patients with liver disease. The American journal of medicine. 1987;83(1):77-82. Kruse JA Zaidi SA Carlson RW Significance of blood lactate levels in critically III patients with liver disease The American journal of medicine 1987831778210.1016/0002-9343(87)90500-63605185Search in Google Scholar

12Mikkelsen ME, Miltiades AN, Gaieski DF, Goyal M, Fuchs BD, Shah CV, et al. Serum lactate is associated with mortality in severe sepsis independent of organ failure and shock. Critical care medicine. 2009;37(5):1670-7. Mikkelsen ME Miltiades AN Gaieski DF Goyal M Fuchs BD Shah CV et al Serum lactate is associated with mortality in severe sepsis independent of organ failure and shock Critical care medicine 20093751670710.1097/CCM.0b013e31819fcf6819325467Search in Google Scholar

13Ryoo SM, Lee J, Lee Y-S, Lee JH, Lim KS, Huh JW, et al. Lactate level versus lactate clearance for predicting mortality in patients with septic shock defined by sepsis-3. Critical care medicine. 2018;46(6):e489-e95. Ryoo SM Lee J Lee Y-S Lee JH Lim KS Huh JW et al Lactate level versus lactate clearance for predicting mortality in patients with septic shock defined by sepsis-3 Critical care medicine 2018466e489e9510.1097/CCM.000000000000303029432347Search in Google Scholar

14Bruno RR, Wernly B, Binneboessel S, Baldia P, Duse DA, Erkens R, et al. Failure of Lactate Clearance Predicts the Outcome of Critically Ill Septic Patients. Diagnostics. 2020;10(12):1105. Bruno RR Wernly B Binneboessel S Baldia P Duse DA Erkens R et al Failure of Lactate Clearance Predicts the Outcome of Critically Ill Septic Patients Diagnostics 20201012110510.3390/diagnostics10121105776718933352862Search in Google Scholar

15Nguyen HB, Rivers EP, Knoblich BP, Jacobsen G, Muzzin A, Ressler JA, et al. Early lactate clearance is associated with improved outcome in severe sepsis and septic shock. Critical care medicine. 2004;32(8):1637-42. Nguyen HB Rivers EP Knoblich BP Jacobsen G Muzzin A Ressler JA et al Early lactate clearance is associated with improved outcome in severe sepsis and septic shock Critical care medicine 200432816374210.1097/01.CCM.0000132904.35713.A7Search in Google Scholar

16Innocenti F, Meo F, Giacomelli I, Tozzi C, Ralli ML, Donnini C, et al. Prognostic value of serial lactate levels in septic patients with and without shock. Internal and emergency medicine. 2019;14(8):1321-30. Innocenti F Meo F Giacomelli I Tozzi C Ralli ML Donnini C et al Prognostic value of serial lactate levels in septic patients with and without shock Internal and emergency medicine 201914813213010.1007/s11739-019-02196-z31555948Search in Google Scholar

17Taniguchi T, Sato K, Okajima M. Procalcitonin and lactate clearances as markers of improvement of severity in abdominal septic shock. Critical Care Medicine. 2018;46(1):704. Taniguchi T Sato K Okajima M Procalcitonin and lactate clearances as markers of improvement of severity in abdominal septic shock Critical Care Medicine 201846170410.1097/01.ccm.0000529442.73627.f6Search in Google Scholar

18Takahashi N, Nakada T-a, Walley KR, Russell JA. Significance of lactate clearance in septic shock patients with high bilirubin levels. Scientific reports. 2021;11(1):1-9. Takahashi N Nakada T-a Walley KR Russell JA Significance of lactate clearance in septic shock patients with high bilirubin levels Scientific reports 20211111910.1038/s41598-021-85700-w797342233737668Search in Google Scholar

19Moustafa AA, Antonios MA, Abdellatif EM, Hussain AH. Association of lactate/albumin ratio level to organ failure and mortality in severe sepsis in a pediatric intensive care unit in Egypt. The Turkish journal of pediatrics. 2018;60(6):691-701. Moustafa AA Antonios MA Abdellatif EM Hussain AH Association of lactate/albumin ratio level to organ failure and mortality in severe sepsis in a pediatric intensive care unit in Egypt The Turkish journal of pediatrics 201860669170110.24953/turkjped.2018.06.01031365206Search in Google Scholar

20Caraballo C, Jaimes F. Focus: Death: Organ Dysfunction in Sepsis: An Ominous Trajectory From Infection To Death. The Yale journal of biology and medicine. 2019;92(4):629. Caraballo C Jaimes F Focus: Death: Organ Dysfunction in Sepsis: An Ominous Trajectory From Infection To Death The Yale journal of biology and medicine 2019924629Search in Google Scholar

21Dunachie S, Chamnan P. The double burden of diabetes and global infection in low and middle-income countries. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2019;113(2):56-64. Dunachie S Chamnan P The double burden of diabetes and global infection in low and middle-income countries Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 20191132566410.1093/trstmh/try124636479430517697Search in Google Scholar

22Hodgson K, Morris J, Bridson T, Govan B, Rush C, Ketheesan N. Immunological mechanisms contributing to the double burden of diabetes and intracellular bacterial infections. Immunology. 2015;144(2):171-85. Hodgson K Morris J Bridson T Govan B Rush C Ketheesan N Immunological mechanisms contributing to the double burden of diabetes and intracellular bacterial infections Immunology 201514421718510.1111/imm.12394429841225262977Search in Google Scholar

23van Vught LA, Holman R, de Jonge E, de Keizer NF, Van der Poll T. Diabetes is not associated with increased 90-day mortality risk in critically ill patients with sepsis. Critical care medicine. 2017;45(10):e1026-e35. van Vught LA Holman R de Jonge E de Keizer NF Van der Poll T Diabetes is not associated with increased 90-day mortality risk in critically ill patients with sepsis Critical care medicine 20174510e1026e3510.1097/CCM.000000000000259028737575Search in Google Scholar

24Kim J, Kim YA, Hwangbo B, Kim MJ, Cho H, Hwangbo Y, et al. Effect of antihypertensive medications on sepsis-related outcomes: a population-based cohort study. Critical care medicine. 2019;47(5):e386-e93. Kim J Kim YA Hwangbo B Kim MJ Cho H Hwangbo Y et al Effect of antihypertensive medications on sepsis-related outcomes: a population-based cohort study Critical care medicine 2019475e386e9310.1097/CCM.000000000000365430688717Search in Google Scholar

25Dial S, Nessim SJ, Kezouh A, Benisty J, Suissa S. Antihypertensive agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system and the risk of sepsis. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2014;78(5):1151-8. Dial S Nessim SJ Kezouh A Benisty J Suissa S Antihypertensive agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system and the risk of sepsis British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 20147851151810.1111/bcp.12419424389024803383Search in Google Scholar

26Chen C, Zhang Z, Li Z, Zhang F, Peng M, Chen Y, et al. Losartan attenuates microvascular permeability in mechanical ventilator-induced lung injury in diabetic mice. Molecular biology reports. 2014;41(2):809-14. Chen C Zhang Z Li Z Zhang F Peng M Chen Y et al Losartan attenuates microvascular permeability in mechanical ventilator-induced lung injury in diabetic mice Molecular biology reports 20144128091410.1007/s11033-013-2920-924420847Search in Google Scholar

27Semeraro F, Colucci M, Caironi P, Masson S, Ammollo CT, Teli R, et al. Platelet drop and fibrinolytic shutdown in patients with sepsis. Critical care medicine. 2018;46(3):e221-e8. Semeraro F Colucci M Caironi P Masson S Ammollo CT Teli R et al Platelet drop and fibrinolytic shutdown in patients with sepsis Critical care medicine 2018463e221e810.1097/CCM.000000000000291929261568Search in Google Scholar

28Venkata C, Kashyap R, Farmer JC, Afessa B. Thrombocytopenia in adult patients with sepsis: incidence, risk factors, and its association with clinical outcome. Journal of intensive care. 2013;1(1):1-10. Venkata C Kashyap R Farmer JC Afessa B Thrombocytopenia in adult patients with sepsis: incidence, risk factors, and its association with clinical outcome Journal of intensive care 20131111010.1186/2052-0492-1-9437302825810916Search in Google Scholar