Place in the ranking | Average place | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990–1993 | 1994–1997 | 1998–2001 | 2002–2005 | 2006–2009 | 2010–2013 | 2014–2017 | 2018–2021 | 1990–2021 | |
1 | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR |
2 | FRA | DEU | DEU | DEU | DEU | DEU | DEU | DEU | DEU |
3 | DEU | FRA | FRA | FRA | FRA | FRA | FRA | FRA | FRA |
4 | NLD | NLD | NLD | HKG | AUS | CHN | CHN | NLD | NLD |
5 | ITA | AUS | SWE | NLD | NLD | AUS | HKG | ESP | SWE |
6 | SWE | CAN | CHE | CHN | CHN | RUS | NLD | SWE | AUS |
7 | CHE | SWE | ESP | AUS | SWE | HKG | SGP | CHN | HKG |
8 | ESP | CHE | ITA | SWE | HKG | CAN | ESP | SGP | CHN |
9 | JPN | ITA | AUS | SGP | CAN | NLD | AUS | AUS | CAN |
10 | AUS | HKG | BEL | CAN | CHE | SGP | CAN | HKG | ESP |
1 | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR |
2 | FRA | DEU | FRA | CAN | CAN | CAN | FRA | FRA | FRA |
3 | DEU | FRA | CAN | DEU | AUS | AUS | CAN | DEU | CAN |
4 | CAN | CAN | DEU | FRA | FRA | FRA | DEU | CAN | DEU |
5 | HKG | AUS | ESP | AUS | DEU | RUS | AUS | ESP | AUS |
6 | ESP | ZAF | AUS | ESP | RUS | DEU | ESP | AUS | ESP |
7 | ITA | NLD | CHE | NLD | ESP | ESP | NLD | NLD | NLD |
8 | AUS | SGP | RUS | HKG | NLD | CHN | RUS | SGP | RUS |
9 | CHE | ITA | ZAF | CHE | ITA | SGP | HKG | ZAF | HKG |
10 | NLD | ESP | NLD | IND | IND | HKG | ITA | HKG | ITA |
1 | FRA | DEU | DEU | DEU | DEU | DEU | DEU | GBR | DEU |
2 | DEU | FRA | FRA | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | DEU | GBR |
3 | GBR | GBR | GBR | FRA | AUS | AUS | FRA | ESP | FRA |
4 | ITA | ITA | ESP | CHN | FRA | FRA | ESP | NLD | ESP |
5 | ESP | NLD | NLD | ESP | CHN | CHN | ITA | FRA | ITA |
6 | NLD | ESP | ITA | AUS | ESP | ESP | NLD | ITA | NLD |
7 | CHE | CHE | CHE | ITA | ITA | CAN | CHN | AUS | AUS |
8 | BEL | AUS | AUS | NLD | CAN | RUS | AUS | BEL | CHE |
9 | SWE | POL | SWE | CHE | SWE | NLD | CAN | IRL | CHN |
10 | AUS | AUT | BEL | SWE | RUS | ITA | CHE | SWE | SWE |
Source country | Target country | Average number of CBM&A transactions | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990–1993 | 1994–1997 | 1998–2001 | 2002–2005 | 2006–2009 | 2010–2013 | 2014–2017 | 2018–2021 | 1990–2021 | ||
USA | GBR | 123 | 211 | 309 | 193 | 244 | 246 | 318 | 335 | 247 |
CAN | 84 | 174 | 264 | 187 | 271 | 227 | 272 | 307 | 223 | |
DEU | 47 | 118 | 113 | 115 | 115 | 98 | 102 | 98 | 101 | |
AUS | 23 | 52 | 83 | 49 | 78 | 88 | 90 | 102 | 70 | |
FRA | 45 | 79 | 87 | 64 | 68 | 58 | 74 | 74 | 68 | |
GBR | USA | 113 | 152 | 229 | 132 | 176 | 141 | 185 | 213 | 168 |
DEU | 35 | 54 | 70 | 54 | 71 | 50 | 60 | 62 | 57 | |
FRA | 47 | 60 | 69 | 48 | 41 | 35 | 48 | 58 | 51 | |
AUS | 17 | 23 | 46 | 32 | 56 | 38 | 37 | 41 | 36 | |
NLD | 25 | 30 | 37 | 23 | 25 | 21 | 42 | 59 | 33 | |
CAN | USA | 76 | 160 | 257 | 230 | 275 | 263 | 299 | 368 | 241 |
GBR | 13 | 24 | 23 | 20 | 25 | 27 | 35 | 44 | 26 | |
AUS | 3 | 10 | 13 | 13 | 21 | 23 | 18 | 24 | 16 | |
MEX | 1 | 5 | 4 | 11 | 31 | 23 | 9 | 5 | 11 | |
FRA | 5 | 11 | 10 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 9 | |
DEU | USA | 20 | 29 | 90 | 36 | 53 | 45 | 68 | 54 | 49 |
GBR | 23 | 25 | 53 | 31 | 39 | 26 | 39 | 39 | 34 | |
FRA | 28 | 34 | 47 | 29 | 31 | 27 | 30 | 33 | 32 | |
CHE | 15 | 24 | 50 | 24 | 41 | 26 | 28 | 28 | 29 | |
AUT | 12 | 21 | 41 | 20 | 29 | 19 | 24 | 24 | 24 | |
FRA | USA | 24 | 24 | 64 | 37 | 51 | 42 | 59 | 58 | 45 |
DEU | 27 | 41 | 38 | 27 | 32 | 31 | 42 | 41 | 35 | |
GBR | 29 | 23 | 46 | 23 | 36 | 34 | 43 | 45 | 35 | |
ESP | 22 | 15 | 29 | 21 | 31 | 24 | 44 | 49 | 29 | |
ITA | 27 | 24 | 29 | 15 | 23 | 20 | 30 | 38 | 26 | |
NLD | CHN | 4 | 26 | 66 | 102 | 132 | 154 | 186 | 111 | 97 |
USA | 8 | 8 | 13 | 8 | 15 | 17 | 25 | 14 | 13 | |
AUS | 4 | 5 | 8 | 9 | 20 | 27 | 14 | 17 | 13 | |
SGP | 4 | 5 | 11 | 13 | 11 | 9 | 17 | 15 | 11 | |
GBR | 10 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 7 | 15 | 12 | 8 | |
JPN | FIN | 12 | 26 | 35 | 22 | 31 | 19 | 26 | 48 | 27 |
NOR | 9 | 9 | 29 | 23 | 36 | 37 | 34 | 40 | 27 | |
USA | 8 | 10 | 27 | 15 | 26 | 22 | 27 | 38 | 21 | |
DNK | 10 | 9 | 22 | 20 | 26 | 25 | 27 | 31 | 21 | |
GBR | 12 | 8 | 19 | 15 | 23 | 14 | 17 | 29 | 17 | |
HKG | USA | 90 | 36 | 46 | 27 | 43 | 59 | 70 | 80 | 56 |
CHN | 1 | 5 | 7 | 14 | 13 | 24 | 17 | 14 | 12 | |
GBR | 16 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 14 | 22 | 14 | 12 | |
VNM | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 15 | 15 | 18 | 6 | |
IND | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 18 | 18 | 16 | 9 | |
SWE | DEU | 17 | 40 | 44 | 28 | 37 | 30 | 35 | 37 | 33 |
USA | 14 | 22 | 44 | 13 | 29 | 21 | 25 | 31 | 25 | |
GBR | 16 | 20 | 34 | 21 | 30 | 23 | 22 | 29 | 24 | |
BEL | 11 | 14 | 23 | 19 | 25 | 16 | 19 | 21 | 18 | |
FRA | 9 | 20 | 29 | 15 | 15 | 13 | 18 | 14 | 17 | |
CHE | DEU | 17 | 29 | 34 | 34 | 54 | 40 | 50 | 44 | 38 |
USA | 12 | 20 | 30 | 19 | 36 | 30 | 38 | 36 | 28 | |
FRA | 16 | 14 | 15 | 12 | 15 | 11 | 16 | 20 | 15 | |
GBR | 8 | 8 | 14 | 9 | 17 | 12 | 11 | 18 | 12 | |
ITA | 6 | 6 | 14 | 5 | 11 | 11 | 13 | 13 | 10 |
Economic sector | 1990–1993 | 1994–1997 | 1998–2001 | 2002–2005 | 2006–2009 | 2010–2013 | 2014–2017 | 2018–2021 | 1990–2021 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Financial | 17% | 17% | 19% | 25% | 29% | 32% | 36% | 37% | 26.4% |
Industrial | 22% | 23% | 22% | 19% | 18% | 18% | 17% | 17% | 19.4% |
Basic materials | 18% | 17% | 17% | 14% | 12% | 12% | 12% | 10% | 14.0% |
Technology | 16% | 14% | 11% | 11% | 11% | 10% | 8% | 7% | 10.8% |
Consumer cyclicals | 6% | 8% | 12% | 12% | 11% | 10% | 11% | 14% | 10.4% |
Healthcare | 9% | 8% | 6% | 7% | 5% | 6% | 5% | 5% | 6.4% |
Consumer non-cyclicals | 5% | 4% | 4% | 5% | 5% | 5% | 5% | 6% | 5.0% |
Energy | 4% | 4% | 3% | 4% | 4% | 4% | 3% | 2% | 3.5% |
Telecommunications services | 1% | 2% | 3% | 3% | 2% | 1% | 1% | 1% | 1.9% |
Utilities | 1% | 1% | 2% | 2% | 2% | 1% | 1% | 1% | 1.6% |
Industrial | 25% | 25% | 27% | 22% | 22% | 22% | 21% | 21% | 23.2% |
Financial | 20% | 20% | 17% | 16% | 16% | 16% | 16% | 14% | 17.0% |
Technology | 11% | 11% | 12% | 13% | 14% | 14% | 16% | 14% | 13.1% |
Consumer cyclicals | 7% | 7% | 12% | 13% | 13% | 12% | 15% | 19% | 12.2% |
Basic materials | 15% | 15% | 11% | 12% | 12% | 13% | 9% | 8% | 11.8% |
Consumer non-cyclicals | 10% | 9% | 8% | 8% | 7% | 8% | 9% | 7% | 8.2% |
Healthcare | 6% | 5% | 5% | 6% | 6% | 6% | 7% | 9% | 6.3% |
Energy | 4% | 4% | 3% | 4% | 5% | 6% | 4% | 3% | 4.3% |
Utilities | 1% | 2% | 3% | 3% | 2% | 2% | 1% | 2% | 2.0% |
Telecommunications services | 1% | 1% | 2% | 2% | 2% | 2% | 2% | 3% | 1.9% |
Place in the ranking | Average place | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990–1993 | 1994–1997 | 1998–2001 | 2002–2005 | 2006–2009 | 2010–2013 | 2014–2017 | 2018–2021 | 1990–2021 | |
1 | USA | USA | USA | USA | USA | USA | USA | USA | USA |
2 | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR |
3 | FRA | DEU | DEU | DEU | DEU | CAN | DEU | CAN | DEU |
4 | DEU | FRA | FRA | CAN | CAN | DEU | CAN | DEU | CAN |
5 | CAN | CAN | CAN | FRA | FRA | FRA | FRA | FRA | FRA |
6 | JPN | NLD | NLD | AUS | AUS | AUS | CHN | NLD | NLD |
7 | NLD | AUS | SWE | CHN | CHN | CHN | HKG | AUS | AUS |
8 | ITA | CHE | AUS | NLD | NLD | NLD | NLD | ESP | SWE |
9 | SWE | SWE | CHE | HKG | SWE | HKG | AUS | SWE | CHN |
10 | CHE | ITA | ITA | SWE | HKG | RUS | ESP | CHN | HKG |
1 | USA | USA | USA | USA | USA | USA | USA | USA | USA |
2 | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR |
3 | FRA | DEU | DEU | DEU | DEU | DEU | DEU | DEU | DEU |
4 | DEU | FRA | FRA | CHN | CAN | CAN | CAN | CAN | CAN |
5 | ITA | CAN | CAN | CAN | CHN | CHN | CHN | ESP | FRA |
6 | CAN | AUS | AUS | FRA | AUS | AUS | FRA | FRA | AUS |
7 | ESP | ITA | NLD | AUS | FRA | RUS | ESP | NLD | CHN |
8 | NLD | NLD | ESP | HKG | IND | FRA | AUS | AUS | ESP |
9 | AUS | ESP | ITA | ESP | RUS | IND | ITA | ITA | NLD |
10 | SWE | SWE | SWE | SWE | SWE | BRA | NLD | CHN | ITA |
1 | USA | USA | USA | USA | USA | USA | USA | USA | USA |
2 | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR |
3 | FRA | CAN | DEU | CAN | CAN | CAN | CAN | CAN | CAN |
4 | JPN | DEU | FRA | DEU | DEU | DEU | FRA | FRA | DEU |
5 | DEU | FRA | CAN | FRA | FRA | FRA | DEU | DEU | FRA |
6 | CAN | NLD | NLD | NLD | NLD | HKG | HKG | JPN | NLD |
7 | NLD | CHE | SWE | HKG | AUS | JPN | JPN | SWE | JPN |
8 | CHE | SWE | CHE | SGP | HKG | NLD | CHN | NLD | HKG |
9 | SWE | JPN | BEL | SWE | SWE | CYP | SGP | SGP | SWE |
10 | ITA | AUS | JPN | AUS | CHE | SGP | NLD | HKG | CHE |
Analysis level | Authors of research | Period | Network type | Nodes | Edges | Network indicators |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Macro | 1999–2012 | The overall weighted-directed CBM&A network in Latin America | Countries | Value of CBM&A transactions | Density, total degree, centrality, eigenvector, out-degree, in-degree | |
Three weighted-directed sectoral CBM&A networks for the energy, finance, and telecommunications sectors | ||||||
1995–2010 | The binary-directed CBM&As network | Countries | Number of CBM&A transactions | Density, reciprocity, degree, average nearest-neighbor degree, clustering coefficient | ||
The weighted-directed CBM&As network | Value of CBM&A transactions | |||||
1999–2013 | The binary-directed CBM&As network | Countries | Number of CBM&A transactions | Density, reciprocity, core-periphery model, in-degree, out-degree, eigenvector | ||
The weighted-directed CBM&As network | Value of CBM&A transactions | |||||
Meso | 2000–2017 | The directed Chinese CBM&As network | Industry sectors | Number of CBM&A transactions | Degree, in-degree, out-degree, closeness, eigenvector | |
2010–2020 | Three separate directed networks for Hungarian, Czech, and Polish CBM&A transactions | Business sector | Number of CBM&A transactions | Degree, in-degree, out-degree, betweenness, eigenvector | ||
1995–2018 | The industry-directed network of M&A data | Industry sectors where at least one sector is related to the bioeconomy | Number of M&A transactions | Density, average geodesic distance, reciprocity, degree, out-degree, in-degree, betweenness | ||
Micro | 2000–2017 | The directed Chinese company M&A network | Chinese companies | Value of M&A transactions | Out-degree, in-degree, betweenness, closeness, PageRank |
Place in the ranking | Average place | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990–1993 | 1994–1997 | 1998–2001 | 2002–2005 | 2006–2009 | 2010–2013 | 2014–2017 | 2018–2021 | 1990–2021 | |
1 | USA | USA | USA | USA | USA | USA | USA | USA | USA |
2 | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR |
3 | FRA | FRA | FRA | CAN | CAN | CAN | FRA | FRA | FRA |
4 | DEU | DEU | CAN | DEU | AUS | AUS | CAN | CAN | CAN |
5 | HKG | CAN | RUS | FRA | FRA | RUS | DEU | AUS | DEU |
6 | CAN | ZAF | DEU | AUS | DEU | FRA | HKG | DEU | AUS |
7 | ITA | SGP | AUS | ESP | RUS | DEU | AUS | ESP | RUS |
8 | AUS | AUS | ZAF | IND | NLD | ESP | SGP | NLD | ESP |
9 | NLD | ITA | ESP | RUS | ITA | CHN | CHN | SGP | NLD |
10 | ESP | NLD | IND | CHE | ESP | ZAF | ZAF | HKG | ZAF |
1 | USA | USA | USA | USA | USA | USA | USA | USA | USA |
2 | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR | GBR |
3 | FRA | DEU | CAN | CAN | CAN | CAN | CAN | CAN | CAN |
4 | DEU | CAN | DEU | DEU | DEU | DEU | DEU | DEU | DEU |
5 | CAN | FRA | FRA | FRA | AUS | AUS | FRA | AUS | FRA |
6 | ITA | AUS | AUS | AUS | CHN | FRA | AUS | FRA | AUS |
7 | ESP | ITA | NLD | CHN | FRA | BRA | ESP | ESP | NLD |
8 | NLD | NLD | ITA | NLD | IND | IND | NLD | NLD | ESP |
9 | AUS | ESP | ESP | ESP | NLD | CHN | ITA | ITA | ITA |
10 | SWE | CHE | BRA | IND | ESP | ESP | IND | IND | CHN |