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The role of foreign aid in the transformation of Iraq's society and economy

Hadi Jaber

Hadi Jaber

SGH Warsaw School of EconomicsWarsaw, Poland
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Jaber, Hadi
  
30 jun 2022
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Categoría del artículo: Literature review
Publicado en línea: 30 jun 2022
Páginas: 218 - 232
Recibido: 26 feb 2022
Aceptado: 12 may 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2022-0010
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© 2022 Hadi Jaber, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Foreign assistance to Iraq in (million USD), 2016–2019.Source: Own analysis based on the Global Economy website (https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/Iraq/foreign_aid/) accessed in October 2021.
Foreign assistance to Iraq in (million USD), 2016–2019.Source: Own analysis based on the Global Economy website (https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/Iraq/foreign_aid/) accessed in October 2021.

Figure 2

Iraq's foreign aid across sectors in (percentage), 2018 – 2019.Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; https://www.oecd.org/countries/iraq/aid-at-a-glance.html
Iraq's foreign aid across sectors in (percentage), 2018 – 2019.Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; https://www.oecd.org/countries/iraq/aid-at-a-glance.html

Figure 3

Daily oil production in the Middle Eastern region per 1000 barrels, 2016 – 2019.Source: Own elaboration based on Statista Research Department; https://www.statista.com/statistics/265200/middle-eastern-oil-production-in-barrels-per-day
Daily oil production in the Middle Eastern region per 1000 barrels, 2016 – 2019.Source: Own elaboration based on Statista Research Department; https://www.statista.com/statistics/265200/middle-eastern-oil-production-in-barrels-per-day

Figure 4

Saudi Arabia's contribution to multilateral organizations in percentage, 2016 – 2019.Source: OECD; https://doi.org/10.1787/b2156c99-en
Saudi Arabia's contribution to multilateral organizations in percentage, 2016 – 2019.Source: OECD; https://doi.org/10.1787/b2156c99-en

Figure 5

Estimated Iraqi GDP per capita in USD, 2016 – 2019.Source: Own elaboration based on Statista; https://www.statista.com/statistics/326993/gross-domestic-product-gdp-per-capita-in-iraq
Estimated Iraqi GDP per capita in USD, 2016 – 2019.Source: Own elaboration based on Statista; https://www.statista.com/statistics/326993/gross-domestic-product-gdp-per-capita-in-iraq

Figure 6

Infant mortality rates in Iraq in (percentage), 2016 – 2019.Source: Own elaboration based on Statista; https://www.statista.com/statistics/806949/infant-mortality-in-iraq
Infant mortality rates in Iraq in (percentage), 2016 – 2019.Source: Own elaboration based on Statista; https://www.statista.com/statistics/806949/infant-mortality-in-iraq

Figure 7

Displacement levels in Iraq due to conflicts (per 500,000), 2016 – 2019.Source: Own elaboration based on IDMC; https://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/iraq
Displacement levels in Iraq due to conflicts (per 500,000), 2016 – 2019.Source: Own elaboration based on IDMC; https://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/iraq

Figure 8

Corruption control in Iraq in points, 2016 – 2019.Source: Own elaboration based on Global Economy https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/Iraq/wb_corruption/
Corruption control in Iraq in points, 2016 – 2019.Source: Own elaboration based on Global Economy https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/Iraq/wb_corruption/

Figure 9

Levels of governmental trust in (percentage), 2019.Source: Own elaboration based on the National website; https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/mena/disillusioned-iraq-trust-in-government-still-low-17-years-after-us-invasion-1.1116313
Levels of governmental trust in (percentage), 2019.Source: Own elaboration based on the National website; https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/mena/disillusioned-iraq-trust-in-government-still-low-17-years-after-us-invasion-1.1116313

Figure 10

Voice and information in (percentage), 2016 – 2019.Source: Own elaboration based on the World Bank. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/worldwide-governance-indicators
Voice and information in (percentage), 2016 – 2019.Source: Own elaboration based on the World Bank. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/worldwide-governance-indicators

Bilateral assistance to Iraq (in billion USD), 2016 – 2019_

2016Actual 2017Actual 2018Actual 2019Actual
ESF/ESDF 122.50 553.50 100 150
FMF 250 250 250 250
IMET 0.99 0.70 0.82 0.91
INCLE 11 0.20 5.60 5.60
NADR 20.86 56.92 46.86 45
Total 405.35 861.33 403.28 451.51

Number and percentage of Iraqis returning to their homes during the post-war period, 2016 – 2019_

Year Number of returnees (in million) (%)
2016 1.37 48
2017 3.22 48
2018 4.17 48
2019 4.45 49
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