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Consumer intentions to purchase on foreign multi-sided digital platforms: a context of the COVID-19 pandemic†

Marzanna Katarzyna Witek-Hajduk
Marzanna Katarzyna Witek-Hajduk
 y 
Anna Grudecka
Anna Grudecka
   | 30 jun 2022
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Article Category: Empirical Paper
Publicado en línea: 30 jun 2022
Páginas: 143 - 160
Recibido: 02 dic 2021
Aceptado: 21 abr 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2022-0007
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© 2022 Marzanna Katarzyna Witek-Hajduk et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Conceptual model.Source: Own elaboration.
Conceptual model.Source: Own elaboration.

Figure 2

Structural model.Source: Own elaboration with the use of SmartPLS software.
Structural model.Source: Own elaboration with the use of SmartPLS software.

Respondents’ structure by the frequency of purchases on foreign MSPs

Before COVID-19 pandemic During COVID-19 pandemic
Indications (No.) Percentage Indications (No.) Percentage
YES, at least once a week 213 26.3 256 31.6
YES, less than once a week but at least once a month 434 53.6 414 51.1
YES, less than once a month but at least once every six months 141 17.4 106 13.1
YES, but less than once every six months 18 2.2 16 2.0
NO 4 0.5 18 2.2
Total 810 100.0 810 100.0

Respondents’ structure

No. of indications (N = 810) Percentage
Gender Female 404 49.9
Male 406 50.1
Age (years) 18–34 301 37.2
35–54 354 43.7
55–65 155 19.1
Residence (inhabitants in thousands) Village 147 18.1
Up to 100 298 36.8
101–500 214 26.4
Over 500 151 18.6
Education Primary or basic 249 30.7
Secondary 317 39.1
Incomplete higher/in progress/higher 244 30.1
Disposable income per household member in PLN/month 1,999 or less 276 34.1
2,000—3,999 353 43.6
4,000 and more 181 22.3

Fornell–Larcker discriminant validity

CDT IFOP IPFP LI LSAE OPI PCS PGI PLQ PPB PPC PPR PPS PUOP PVP
CDT 0.878
IFOP 0.412 0.852
IPFP 0.286 0.473 0.878
LI 0.247 0.328 0.377 0.868
LSAE 0.317 0.378 0.443 0.632 0.803
OPI 0.318 0.527 0.525 0.376 0.415 0.886
PCS 0.290 0.446 0.716 0.332 0.427 0.387 0.863
PGI 0.228 0.335 0.260 0.532 0.509 0.263 0.253 0.909
PLQ 0.325 0.473 0.774 0.409 0.453 0.548 0.707 0.312 0.868
PPB 0.291 0.451 0.704 0.312 0.393 0.334 0.713 0.280 0.637 0.839
PPC 0.236 0.403 0.700 0.373 0.413 0.496 0.653 0.239 0.646 0.547 0.823
PPR 0.293 0.420 0.772 0.386 0.474 0.498 0.710 0.285 0.845 0.655 0.589 0.882
PPS 0.340 0.491 0.683 0.339 0.415 0.468 0.711 0.234 0.655 0.632 0.622 0.624 0.923
PUOP 0.305 0.473 0.439 0.333 0.363 0.725 0.352 0.243 0.503 0.313 0.456 0.457 0.399 0.866
PVP 0.282 0.447 0.746 .380 0.421 0.522 0.678 0.259 0.723 0.626 0.772 0.665 0.642 0.440 0.881

Path coefficients and significance of relations between constructs (direct effects)

H Regression paths Direct effects Total effects
Path coefficients T-statistics p values Path coefficients T-statistics p values
H1a CDT ⇒ OPI 0.020 0.680 0.496 0.020 0.680 0.496
H1b CDT ⇒ IPFP 0.006 0.212 0.832 0.008 0.290 0.772
H2a PUOP ⇒ OPI 0.574 16.602 0.000*** 0.574 16.602 0***
H2b PUOP ⇒ IPFP 0.010 0.303 0.762 0.071 1.867 0.062*
H3a IFOP ⇒ OPI 0.199 6.170 0.000*** 0.199 6.170 0***
H3b IFOP ⇒ IPFP 0.108 3.091 0.002*** 0.130 3.735 0***
H4a PGI ⇒ OPI −0.035 1.177 0.239 −0.035 1.177 0.239
H4b LI ⇒ OPI 0.098 2.673 0.008*** 0.098 2.673 0.008***
H4c LSAE ⇒ OPI 0.072 2.029 0.043* 0.072 2.029 0.043*
H5a PGI ⇒ IPFP −0.024 0.755 0.451 −0.028 0.862 0.389
H5b LI ⇒ IPFP 0.102 2.518 0.012** 0.112 2.742 0.006***
H5c LSAE ⇒ IPFP 0.020 0.541 0.588 0.028 0.729 0.466
H6 OPI ⇒ IPFP 0.107 2.519 0.012** 0.107 2.519 0.012**
H7a PCS ⇒ PVP 0.246 4.138 0.000*** 0.052 0.581 0.561
H7b PLQ ⇒ PVP 0.033 0.551 0.582 0.246 4.138 0***
H7c PPB ⇒ PVP 0.064 1.273 0.203 0.123 2.367 0.018**
H7d PPC ⇒ PVP 0.123 2.367 0.018** 0.453 12.554 0***
H7e PPR ⇒ VP 0.453 12.554 0.000*** 0.033 0.551 0.582
H7f PPS ⇒ PVP 0.052 0.581 0.561 0.064 1.273 0.203
H8 PVP ⇒ IPFP 0.592 13.164 0.000*** 0.592 13.164 0***

Likert scales used in the study to measure reflective constructs, their sources, and factor loadings reliabilities

Likert scale statements(1 – strongly disagree; 7 – strongly agree) Factor loadings Source
CDT, Consumer disposition to trust (AVE = 0.771; item reliabilities = 0.944)
I generally trust other people. 0.891 Kim et al. (2008)
I generally have faith in humanity. 0.872 Kim et al. (2008)
I feel that people are generally reliable. 0.889 Kim et al. (2008)
I generally trust other people, unless they give me reasons not to. 0.846 Kim et al. (2008)
I feel that people are generally well meaning. 0.892 Own elaboration
PUOP, Perceived usefulness of online purchases (AVE = 0.749; total reliability = 0.937)
Online purchases make it easier to buy products. 0.872 Ashraf et al. (2014)
Compared to physical channels, online shopping takes less time. 0.871 Shang et al. (2005)
Compared to purchases in stationary stores, using online purchases enhances my shopping task effectiveness. 0.839 Kim et al. (2007)
Compared to purchases in stationary stores, using online shopping makes it easier to purchase. 0.892 Kim et al. (2007)
Compared to purchases in stationary stores, using online purchases saves me effort in performing tasks. 0.853 Kim et al. (2007)
IFOP, Perceived legal protection of online purchases (AVE = 0.726; total reliability = 0.949)
The existing laws in my country are sufficient to protect consumers’ online privacy. 0.882 Lwin et al. (2007)
There are stringent international laws to protect personal information of individuals on the Internet. 0.843 Lwin et al. (2007)
The government is doing enough to ensure that consumers are protected against online privacy violations. 0.867 Lwin et al. (2007)
The existing laws in my country are sufficient to protect online purchases. 0.852 Own elaboration
There are stringent international laws to protect cross-border online purchases. 0.814 Own elaboration
Protection of consumers against violations in the cross-border online purchases is adequate in the EU. 0.877 Own elaboration
The right to withdraw from the distance contract strongly protects consumers’ online purchases. 0.827 Own elaboration
PGI, Possibility of infection (AVE = 0.826; total reliability = 0.934)
The possibility of being infected with Coronavirus through contact with others, such as in or on the way to a stationary store. 0.929 Own elaboration
The possibility of being infected with Coronavirus through contact with a courier delivering a package from an online store. 0.926 Own elaboration
The possibility of getting infected with Coronavirus through contact with package from online store. 0.870 Own elaboration
LSAE, Changes in retailers’ activity during COVID-19 pandemic (AVE = 0.644; total reliability = 0.915)
No open stationary stores near where I live. 0.726 Own elaboration
Shortages or limited availability of goods in stationary stores during the pandemic. 0.861 Own elaboration
Long queues at stationary stores during the pandemic. 0.821 Own elaboration
Extended return time limits introduced by online stores during the pandemic. 0.765 Own elaboration
Extended delivery times for packages from online stores. 0.807 Own elaboration
Restrictions on the deliveries of goods from other countries. 0.828 Own elaboration
LI, Legal pandemic regulations related to shopping in brick-and-mortar shops (AVE = 0.754; total reliability = 0.924)
Restrictions related to purchasing at stationary stores during the pandemic, e.g., limit on people in the store, hours for seniors. 0.901 Own elaboration
Social isolation requirements. 0.897 Own elaboration
Closing of stores where I purchase certain products. 0.818 Own elaboration
Requirements to cover nose and mouth and use gloves in stationary stores. 0.854 Own elaboration
PLQ, Perception of quality of information on a foreign MSP and its layout (AVE = 0.753; total reliability = 0.948)
Visually, I highly value this platform. 0.860 McKnight et al. (2002)
On the website of this MSP I can easily find the contact details. 0.862 McKnight et al. (2002)
On this platform I can go to exactly what I want quickly. 0.872 Ha and Stoel (2009)
This platform provides reliable information. 0.872 Kim et al. (2008)
This platform provides sufficient information when I try to make a transaction. 0.868 Kim et al. (2008)
I am satisfied with the information that this platform provides. 0.872 Kim et al. (2008)
PPR, Perceived reputation of a foreign MSP (AVE = 0.778; total reliability = 0.933)
This platform is very well known. 0.819 Kim et al. (2008)
This platform has a very good reputation. 0.924 Kim et al. (2008)
This platform's vendors have a reputation for being honest. 0.897 Kim et al. (2008)
Overall, brands sold on this platform are very well perceived. 0.886 Kim et al. (2008)
PPS, Perceived payment security on a foreign MSP (AVE = 0.853; total reliability = 0.946)
This platform vendor implements security tools (e.g., identification) to protect Internet shoppers. 0.929 Kim et al. (2008)
I feel safe about the electronic payment system of this platform. 0.895 Kim et al. (2008)
I feel secure to use my credit card on this platform to make a purchase. 0.946 Kim et al. (2008)
PCS, Perceived customer service on a foreign MSP (AVE = 0.745; total reliability = 0.946)
This platform online shopping system fully responds to customer needs. 0.857 Ha and Stoel (2009)
This platform guarantees fast delivery. 0.762 Ha and Stoel (2009)
This platform's customer service personnel are always willing to help. 0.893 Ha and Stoel (2009)
Inquiries on this platform are answered promptly. 0.886 Ha and Stoel (2009)
This platform promises an easy return mode. 0.889 Oghazi et al. (2018)
I believe that the return time limits offered by this platform are very beneficial to consumers. 0.885 Own elaboration
PPB, Perception of products and brands sold on a foreign MSP (AVE = 0.704; total reliability = 0.904)
This platform offers only reliable products. 0.896 Ozen and Kaya (2013)
This platform offers only original branded products. 0.798 Ozen and Kaya (2013)
This platform offers only high-quality products. 0.881 Ozen and Kaya (2013)
This platform offers many value-for-money products. 0.774 Kim and Niehm, (2009)
PPC, Perception of prices and costs on a foreign MSP (AVE = 0.677; total reliability = 0.926)
This platform charges low delivery fee. 0.772 Oghazi et al. (2018)
This platform charges low return fee. 0.629 Oghazi et al. (2018)
This platform has attractive discounts and sales promotions. 0.856 Shang et al. (2005)
The prices on this platform are significantly lower compared to other online stores. 0.877 Delafrooz et al. (2009)
The prices on this platform are significantly lower compared to other stationery shops. 0.870 Own elaboration
This platform offers relatively low prices for products. 0.902 Own elaboration
PVP, Perceived value of purchases on a foreign MSP (AVE = 0.777; total reliability = 0.946)
Compared to the price I need to pay, this platform's offers are characterized by significant value for money. 0.921 Kim et al. (2007)
Compared to the price I need to pay, this platform offers reasonable prices. 0.897 Kim et al. (2007)
Compared to the effort I need to put in, this platform's offer is beneficial to me. 0.796 Kim et al. (2007)
Compared to the time I need to spend, this platform's offer is worthwhile to me. 0.886 Kim et al. (2007)
When I compare what I get for what I give, shopping from this platform offers a good value. 0.902 Kim et al. (2007)
OPI, Consumer online purchase intentions (AVE = 0.785; total reliability y = 0.948)
I am likely to purchase products in online stores. 0.904 Kim et al. (2008)
I am likely to make another purchase from this online store if I need the products I have purchased. 0.901 Kim et al. (2008)
In the future, I will continuously purchase products from online stores. 0.846 Asharf et al. (2014)
If I have to do this over again, I would choose online purchases. 0.903 Kim and Niehm (2009)
I would recommend online purchases to others. 0.875 Kim and Niehm (2009)
IPFP, Consumer intentions to purchase on a foreign MSP (AVE = 0.771; total reliability = 0.944)
I am likely to make another purchase from this platform if I need the products I have purchased. 0.883 Kim et al. (2007)
I intend to purchase product on this platform continuously in the future. 0.874 Kim et al. (2007)
I am likely to recommend this platform to other people. 0.889 Kim et al. (2007)
I would say positive things about this platform to other people. 0.868 Kim et al. (2007)
I consider myself to be very loyal to this platform. 0.877 Kim et al. (2007)
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