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Article Category: Research Article
Publicado en línea: 29 mar 2023
Páginas: 17 - 32
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijcm-2023-0003
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© 2023 Helmi Issa et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Factor loadings (Singapore study)
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TO1 | . |
-- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| TO2 | . |
-- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| TO3 | . |
-- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| TINV1 | -- | . |
-- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| TINV2 | -- | . |
-- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| TINV3 | -- | . |
-- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| TINV4 | -- | . |
-- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| TUN1 | -- | -- | . |
-- | -- | -- | -- |
| TUN2 | -- | -- | . |
-- | -- | -- | -- |
| TUN3 | -- | -- | . |
-- | -- | -- | -- |
| TC1 | -- | -- | -- | . |
-- | -- | -- |
| TC2 | -- | -- | -- | . |
-- | -- | -- |
| TC3 | -- | -- | -- | . |
-- | -- | -- |
| TINS1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | . |
-- | -- |
| TINS2 | -- | -- | -- | -- | . |
-- | -- |
| TINS3 | -- | -- | -- | -- | . |
-- | -- |
| TINS4 | -- | -- | -- | -- | . |
-- | -- |
| UE1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | . |
-- |
| UE2 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | . |
-- |
| UE3 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | . |
-- |
| UX1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | . |
| UX2 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | . |
| UX3 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | . |
| UX4 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | . |
| UX5 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | . |
Questionnaire items
| Techno-overload |
|
|---|---|
| TO 1 | I am forced by this technology to work much faster |
| TO 2 | I am forced by this technology to do more work than I can handle |
| TO 3 | I am forced by this technology to work with very tight time schedules |
| Techno-invasion |
|
| TINV 1 | I spend less time with my family due to technology |
| TINV 2 | I have to be in touch with my work even during my vacation due to this technology |
| TINV 3 | I have to sacrifice my vacation and weekend time to keep current on new technologies |
| TINV 4 | I feel my personal life is being invaded by this technology |
| Techno-uncertainty |
|
| TUN 1 | There are always new developments in the technologies we use in our work |
| TUN 2 | There are constant changes in the software |
| TUN 3 | There are constant changes in the hardware |
| Techno-complexity |
|
| TC 1 | I do not know enough about this technology to handle my job satisfactorily |
| TC 2 | I need a long time to understand and use new technologies |
| TC 3 | I do not find enough time to study and upgrade my technology skills |
| Techno-insecurity |
|
| TINS 1 | I do not share my knowledge with co-workers for fear of being replaced |
| TINS 2 | I feel constant threat to my job security due to new technologies |
| TINS 3 | I have to constantly upgrade my skills to avoid being replaced |
| TINS 4 | I am threatened by co-workers with newer technology skills |
| User engagement |
|
| UE 1 | I am enthusiastic towards this technology |
| UE 2 | I am dedicated towards using this technology |
| UE 3 | I am absorbed with this technology’s efficacy |
| User experience |
|
| UX 1 | This technology’s capabilities meet my requirements (in terms of effectiveness) |
| UX 2 | Using this technology is a frustrating experience (in terms of satisfaction) |
| UX 3 | This technology is easy to use (overall experience) |
| UX 4 | I have to spend too much time correcting things with this technology (in terms of efficiency) |
| UX 5 | I think I would need a technological system with more features for my tasks (in terms of effectiveness) |
Factor loadings (U.S. study)
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TO1 | . |
-- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| TO2 | . |
-- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| TO3 | . |
-- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| TINV1 | -- | . |
-- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| TINV2 | -- | . |
-- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| TINV3 | -- | . |
-- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| TINV4 | -- | . |
-- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| TUN1 | -- | -- | . |
-- | -- | -- | -- |
| TUN2 | -- | -- | . |
-- | -- | -- | -- |
| TUN3 | -- | -- | . |
-- | -- | -- | -- |
| TC1 | -- | -- | -- | . |
-- | -- | -- |
| TC2 | -- | -- | -- | . |
-- | -- | -- |
| TC3 | -- | -- | -- | . |
-- | -- | -- |
| TINS1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | . |
-- | -- |
| TINS2 | -- | -- | -- | -- | . |
-- | -- |
| TINS3 | -- | -- | -- | -- | . |
-- | -- |
| TINS4 | -- | -- | -- | -- | . |
-- | -- |
| UE1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | . |
-- |
| UE2 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | . |
-- |
| UE3 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | . |
-- |
| UX1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | . |
| UX2 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | . |
| UX3 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | . |
| UX4 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | . |
| UX5 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | . |
Mediation analysis
| Subunit | Lower CI | Upper CI | Point | P value | Mediation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) TO-UE-UX | -.0562 | .0100 | -.0171 | <.05 | Partial | |
| (2) TINV-UE-UX | -.0022 | .0537 | .0190 | >.05 | Partial | |
| (3) TC-UE-UX | -.1516 | -.0409 | -.0930 | <.05 | Full | |
| (4) TINS-UE-UX | -.0062 | .0595 | .0223 | <.05 | Partial | |
| (5) TUN-UE-UX | -.0800 | .0234 | -.0241 | <.05 | Partial | |
| (1) TO-UE-UX | -.0814 | -.0013 | -.0388 | >.05 | Full | |
| (2) TINV-UE-UX | -.3512 | -.0099 | -.1567 | >.05 | Full | |
| (3) TC-UE-UX | -.1964 | .0091 | -.0863 | <.05 | Partial | |
| (4) TINS-UE-UX | -.0554 | .0141 | -.0179 | <.05 | Partial | |
| (5) TUN-UE-UX | -.0311 | .0755 | .0101 | <.05 | Partial |