[
Adelman, Howard. 2013. “Jonah and Socrates as Refugees: Repentance, Redemption and Responsibility”. In The Ashgate Research Companion to Migration Law, Theory and Policy, edited by Juss, Satvinder, Burlington: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Atak, Idil. 2018. “An International Human Rights framework for migration in a globalizing world”. In Handbook of Migration and Globalisation, edited by Triandafyllidou, Anna. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Barton, Benjamin. 2018. “China’s security policy in Africa: A new or false dawn for the evolution of the application of China’s non-interference principle? South African Journal of International Affairs 25(3):413–434.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bates, Robert H. 2008. When Things Fell Apart: State Failure in Late Century Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Botha, Anneli. 2008. “Challenges in Understanding Terrorism in Africa: A Human Security Perspective” African Security Review 17(2):28–41
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bush, Ray; Martiniello, Giuliano & Mercer, Claire. 2011. “Humanitarian imperialism” Review of African Political Economy 38(129):357–365.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Cilliers, Jakkie. 2010. “Hopes and Challenges for the Peace and Security Architecture of the African Union”. In: Crafting an African Security Architecture: Addressing Regional Peace and Conflict in the 21st Century, edited by Besada, Hany. Burlington: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Collier, Paul. 2008. The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries are Failing and What can be Done About It. New York: Oxford University Press.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Collier, Paul. 2000. “Doing Well out of War: An Economic Perspective”. In Greed and Grievance: Economic Agendas in Civil Wars, edited by Berdal, Mats and Malone, David M. London: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Collier, Paul and Hoeffler, Anke. 2004. “Greed and Grievance in Civil War” Oxford Economic Papers 56(4): 563–595.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Collier, Paul and Hoeffler, Anke. 1999. Justice-Seeking and Loot-Seeking in Civil War. Washington, D.C: World Bank.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Collier, Paul and Hoeffler, Anke. 1998. “On Economic Causes of Civil War” Oxford Economic Papers 50(4):563–573.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Collier, Paul; Hoeffler, Anke and Rohner, Dominic. 2009. “Beyond Greed and Grievance: Feasibility and Civil War” Oxford Economic Papers 61(1):1–27.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dare, Olabisi & Abebe. M. Allehone. 2018. “Regional Solutions and the Global Compact on Refugees: The Experience from Africa” International Journal of Refugee Law 30:704
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dhanapala, Jayantha. 2002–2003. “Multilateral Cooperation on Small Arms and Light Weapons: From Crisis to Collective Response” Brown J. World Aff. 9(1):163–171.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Di John, Jonathan. 2008. “Conceptualising the Causes and Consequences of Failed States: A Critical Review of the Literature” Crisis States Working Paper Series No.2.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ellis, Stephen. 2005. “How to Rebuild Africa” Foreign Affairs 84(5):135–148.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Fearon, James D. 2005. “Primary Commodities and Civil War” Journal of Conflict Resolution 49(4):483–507.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Feldman, Robert L. 2009. “The Root Causes of Terrorism: Why Parts of Africa Might Never Be at Peace” Defense & Security Analysis 25(4): 355–372.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Furley, Oliver and May, Roy. 2006. “Introduction: Ending Africa’s Wars: Progressing to Peace”. In Ending Africa’s Wars: Progressing to Peace, edited by Furley, Oliver and May, Roy, Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gammeltoft-Hansen,Thomas. 2018. “The Normative Impact of the Global Compact on Refugees” International Journal of Refugee Law 30:605
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Grossman, Herschel I. 1999. “Kleptocracy and Revolutions” Oxford Economic Papers 51(2):267–283.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Holzer, Elizabeth. 2012. “A Case Study of Political Failure in a Refugee Camp” Journal of Refugee Studies 25(2):257–281
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Howard, Rhoda E. 1995–1996. “Civil Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa: Internally Generated Causes” International Journal, 51(1): 27–53.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Humphreys, Macartan. 2005. “Natural Resources, Conflict and Conflict Resolution” Journal of Conflict Resolution. 49(4):508–537.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hyndman, Jennifer and Giles, Wenona. 2018. “Protracted displacement Living on the edge”. In Forced Migration Current Issues and Debates, edited by Bloch, Alice and Dona, Giorgia.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Koff, Harlan. 2020. “Perpetuating Crises at the Source?: (Inter)Regionalism and Normative Incoherence for Sustainable Migration in Africa” Politikon 47(4):400–421.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lischer, Sarah K. 2014. “Conflict and Crisis Induced Displacement”. In The Oxford Handbook of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies, edited by Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, Elena et al. New York: Oxford University Press.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Loescher, Gil. 1992. “Refugee Movements and International Security” The Adelphi Papers 32(268):3–8.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Loescher, Gil. 2002. “Blaming the Victim: Refugees and Global Security” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 58(6):46–53.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Long, Katy. 2014. “Rethinking ‘Durable’ solutions”. In The Oxford Handbook of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies. Edited by Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, E, Loescher, G; Long, K and Sigona, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014, p.475
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lujala, Paivi et al. 2005. “A Diamond Curse? Civil War and a Lootable Resource.”Journal of Conflict Resolution 49(4):53–562.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Maina, Andrew. 2019. “Securitization of Kenya’s Asylum Space: Origin and Legal Analysis of the Encampment Policy”. In Refugees and Forced Migration in the Horn of Africa: Trends, Challenges and Opportunities, edited by Schmidt, Dragsbaek; Kimati, Leah and Owiso, Michael O, Switzerland: Springer.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Maphosa, Sulvester B. 2012. “Natural Resources and Conflict: Unlocking the Economic Dimension of Peace-Building in Africa” Africa Institute of South Africa, Policy Brief Number 74.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mandrup, Thomas. 2019. “Regional Intergration by Military Means: The Case of the East African Standby Force”. In Refugees and Forced Migration in the Horn of Africa: Trends, Challenges and Opportunities, edited by Schmidt, Dragsbaek; Kimati, Leah and Owiso, Michael O, Switzerland: Springer.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Morier-Genoud, Eric. 2020. ‘The jihadi insurgency in Mozambique: origins, nature and beginning, Journal of Eastern African Studies, 14(3):396–412
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Murithi, Tim and Mwaura, Charles. 2010. “The Panel of the Wise”. In Africa’s New Peace and Security Architecture: Promoting Norms, Institutionalising Solutions, edited by Engel, Ulf and Porto, Joao G. Burlington: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Murshed, Syed Mansoob. 2010. Explaining Civil War: A Rational Choice Approach. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Musah, Abdel-Fatau. 2002. “Small Arms: A Time Bomb under West Africa’s Democratization Process” Brown Journal of World Affairs 9(1):239–249
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ncube, Swikani. 2014. “Responding to Boko Haram: Why the African Union Must Lead the Fight Against the Insurgency” 39 South African Yearbook of International Law 39:209-226.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Nyaoro, Dulo. 2019. “Refugee Hosting and Conflict Resolution: Opportunities for Diplomatic Interventions and Beffeting regional Hegemon”. In Refugees and Forced Migration in the Horn of Africa: Trends, Challenges and Opportunities, edited by Schmidt,
]Search in Google Scholar
[
P.G. Okoth. 1994. “The Political Economy of Human Rights crisis in Uganda, 1962–1985” Transafrican Journal of History 23:142–157
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Parekh, Serena. 2016. Refugees and the Ethics of Forced Displacement, Routledge.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Pongo, Elias O. 2019. “Refugee Undesirability and economic Potentials: Questioning Encampment Policy in Forced Migration”. In Refugees and Forced Migration in the Horn of Africa: Trends, Challenges and Opportunities, edited by Schmidt, Dragsbaek; Kimati, Leah and Owiso, Michael O, Switzerland: Springer.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Posner, Daniel N. 2007. “Regime Change and Ethnic Cleavages in Africa” Comparative Political Studies 40(11):1302–1327.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Aidoo, Richard & Steve Hess. 2015. “Non-Interference 2.0: China’s Evolving Foreign Policy towards a Changing Africa” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 44(1): 107–139.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ross, Michael L. 2006. “A Closer Look at Oil, Diamonds, and Civil War” Annual Review of Political Science 9:265–300;
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Rotberg, Robert I. 2003. “Failed States, Collapsed States, Weak States: Causes and indicators”. In State Failure and State Weakness in a Time of Terror, edited by Rotberg, Robert I. Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution Press.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Elizabeth Schmidt Foreign Intervention In Africa: From the Cold war to the war on Terror (2013)
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Silva, Mario. 2004. State Legitimacy and Failure in International Law. Leiden: Brill Nijhoff.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Stohl, Rachel. 2005. “Reality Check: The Danger of Small Arms Proliferation” Georgetown Journal of International Affairs 6(2):71–77.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Turk, Volker. 2003. “Forced Migration and Security” International Journal of Refugee Law 15(1):113–125.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
UN Assessment Mission to Libya. 2012. Report of the Assessment Mission on the Impact of the Libyan Crisis on the Sahel Region S/2012/42.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
UNHCR. 2023. Global Appeal 2023
]Search in Google Scholar
[
UNSG. 2012. Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in Mali, UN Doc. S/2012/894.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
UNSG. 1998. Report of the Secretary-General on the Causes of Conflict and the Promotion of Durable Peace and Sustainable Development in Africa, UN Document A/52/871-S/1998/31.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Viljoen, Frans. 2009. “The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child”. In Child Law in South Africa, edited by Boezaart, Trynie. Cape Town: Juta.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Viljoen, Frans. 2012. International Human Rights Law in Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Weiner, Myron. 1992–1993. “Security, Stability and International Migration” International Security17(3):91–126.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Yusuf, Abdulqawi A. 2002. “Government Collapse and State Continuity: The Case of Somalia” Italian YearBook of International Law 13(1):11–33
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Zartman, William I. 1995. “Introduction: Posing the Problem of State Collapse”. In Collapsed States: The Disintegration and Restoration of Legitimate Authority, edited by Zartman, William I. London: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Zimmermann, Warren. 2005. “Migrants and Refugees: A Threat to Security?”. In Threatened Peoples, Threatened Borders: World Migration and U.S. Policy, edited by Teitelbaum, Michael S and Weiner, Myron. New York: Columbia University Press.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Zolberg, Aristide R; Suhrke, Astri and Aguayo, Sergio. 1989. Escape from Violence: Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in the Developing World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
]Search in Google Scholar
