Acceso abierto

The Significance of the Ultimatum in International Law: The Responsibility of the Head of the USSR for the Events of January 1991 in Lithuania


Cite

ABARIUS Laimona. Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia, Science And Encyclopedia Publishing Center. [online]. Available at: <https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/miuncheno-susitarimas/>; <https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/sovietu-sajungos-ultimatumas-lietuvai/>; <https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/ekonomine-blokada/>. Search in Google Scholar

ABC News Washington, 13 January 1991, 3:50, [online]. Available at: <https://www.you-tube.com/watch?v=m1z291BGr68>. Search in Google Scholar

Act VIII-1968 of 2000, Criminal Code Of The Republic Of Lithuania. Search in Google Scholar

BERGSMO, Morten, LING, Yan ed, State Sovereignty And International Criminal Law, Beijing, Torkel Opsahl Academic EPublisher, 2012, [online]. Available at: <https://www.fichl.org/fileadmin/fichl/documents/FICHL_15_Web.pdf>. Search in Google Scholar

Bernardinai.lt, One Of The Organizers Of The March 11 Act, Prof. V. Sinkevičius: Independence Is A Miracle That Must Be Protected, 2022, [online]. Available at: < https://www.bernardinai.lt/vienas-is-kovo-11-osios-akto-rengeju-prof-v-sinkeviciusnepriklausomybe-tai-stebuklas-kuri-reikia-saugoti/ >. Search in Google Scholar

BIČKAUSKAS, Egidijus, SIAURUSEVIČIUS, Audrius, MILDAŽYTĖ, Edita. The Year Of Our Freedom – 1991, LRT, 2017, [online]. Available at: <https://www.lrt.lt/mediate-ka/irasas/31174/musu-laisves-metai-1991-1-d>. Search in Google Scholar

BNS, Prosecutors Convinced The Court That There Is No Reason To Take Additional Steps Regarding M. Gorbachev, 2016, [online]. Available at: <https://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/lietuvoje/2/147520/prokurorai-itikino-teisma-kad-imtis-papildomu-veiksmudel-m-gorbaciovo-nera-pagrindo>. Search in Google Scholar

Charter Of The United Nations And Statute Of The International Court Of Justice, 1945, [online]. Available at: <https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter/chapter-1>. Search in Google Scholar

Convention (III) relative to the Opening of Hostilities of 18 October 1907, Hague, [online]. Available at: <https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/hague-conviii-1907/article-1>. Search in Google Scholar

ČEPAITIS, Virgilijus, Did The USSR Intended To Negotiate With Lithuania In 1990? Kultūros barai, No. 10, 2010, [online]. Available at: <https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://www.kulturosbarai.lt/uploads/news/id22/KB_2010_10_pdf.pdf>. Search in Google Scholar

DELALIC V. Prosecutor, International Tribunal For The Prosecution Of Persons Responsible For Serious Violations Of International Humanitarian Law Committed In The Territory Of The Former Yugoslavia, judgement of 16 November 1998, [online]. Available at: <https://www.icty.org/x/cases/mucic/tjug/en/981116_judg_en.pdf>. Search in Google Scholar

DOLZER Rudolf, HOLLWEG Robert, LAWRENCE Peter, STEVEN Less, MACALISTER-SMITH Peter. Encyklopedia Of Public International Law, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V, 1987, [online]. Available at: <https://books-library.net/files/books-library.online-02262152Dz8X7.pdf>. Search in Google Scholar

EIDINTAS, Alfonsas, ŽALYS, Vytautas, SEEN, Erich Alfred, TUSKENIS, Edvardas, ed. Search in Google Scholar

Lithuania In European Politics: The Years Of The First Republic, 1918–1940. St. Martin’s Press, New York, 1999. Search in Google Scholar

Encyclopedia Of Public International Law, North-Holland Publishing Co, Vol. 5, 1992. Search in Google Scholar

GEORGE, Alexander, SIMONS, Wiliam, The Limits Of Coercive Diplomacy, Westview Pres, Boulder, San Francisco, Oxford, 1994, [online]. Available at: <https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/76458223.pdf>. Search in Google Scholar

GERUTIS, Albertas, Lithuania: 700 Years, Manyland Books, New York, 1984. Search in Google Scholar

GROTIUS, Hugo, The Law Of War And Peace, Lonang Institute, 2005, p. 414, [online]. Available at: <https://lonang.com/wp-content/download/Grotius-LawOfWarAnd-Peace.pdf>. Search in Google Scholar

HELLER, Jon Kevin, Retreat From Nuremberg: The Leadership Requirement In The Crime Of Aggression, The European Journal of International Law, Vol. 18 no. 3, 2007, [online]. Available at: <https://academic.oup.com/ejil/article/18/3/477/363585?login=false>.10.1093/ejil/chm025 Search in Google Scholar

IRIQAT, Dalal, Coercive Diplomacy: Camp David 2000, Dirasat, Human and Social Sciences, Volume 49, No. 1, 2022, [online]. Available at: <https://www.research-gate.net/profile/Dalal-Iriqat/publication/358105135_Coercive_Diplomacy_Camp_David_2000_From_Clinton_to_Trump/links/61f0274c5779d35951d2f6d7/Coercive-Diplomacy-Camp-David-2000-From-Clinton-to-Trump.pdf>.10.35516/hum.v49i1.1690 Search in Google Scholar

J. M. et al vLithuania, Court of Appeal of Lithuania, judgment of 31 March 2021, application no. 1A-34-1020/2021, [online]. Available at: <https://www.infolex.lt/tp/1981100>. Search in Google Scholar

KATUOKA, Saulius. The Concept Of Aggression In International Law, Jurisprudence, 2006, vol. 10, no. 88, [online]. Available at: < https://repository.mruni.eu/bitstream/handle/007/12523/2807-5944-1-SM.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y>. Search in Google Scholar

KRIŠČIŪNAS, Edvardas. Ch. Laurinavičius And A. Nikžentaitis Suggest: “In 1940 August 3 Consider The Date As The Conditional End Of The Occupation Of Lithuania And The Baltic States”, Istorija, Nr. 72, 2008, [online]. Available at: <https://etalpykla.lituanistikadb.lt/object/LT-LDB-0001:J.04~2008~1367165646159/J.04~2008~1367165646159.pdf>. Search in Google Scholar

KŪRIS, Pranas, Problems Of Responsibility In International Law, Vilnius State V. Kapsukas University, 1970. Search in Google Scholar

LANDSBERGIS, Vytautas, 1991 01 13 LRT Archival Videos From The Studio, [online]. Available at: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJuh4pPPGhs>. Search in Google Scholar

LRS.lt., The Most Important Events Of The Restoration Of The State From 11.03.1990–25.10.1992, [online]. Available at: <https://www.lrs.lt/datos/kovo11/ivykiai.htm>. Search in Google Scholar

MANSOOR, Tooba, HUSSAIN, Nazir, The Us Coercive Diplomacy And North Korea’s Nuclear Challenge, Journal of Contemporary Studies, 2017, [online]. Available at: <https://jcs.ndu.edu.pk/site/article/view/61>. Search in Google Scholar

O. M. et al v. Lithuania, Supreme Court of Lithuania, judgment of 22 June 2022, application no. 2K-7-39-1073/2022, [online]. Available at: <https://www.infolex.lt/tp/2092993>. Search in Google Scholar

Office Of The Chief Archivist Of Lithuania, address of the President of the USSR Mikhail Gorbachev to the Supreme Council of the Republic of Lithuania in 1991. January 10. Search in Google Scholar

Office Of The Chief Archivist Of Lithuania, Statement Of The Supreme Council Of The Republic Of Lithuania In 1991 January 11, [online]. Available at: < https://virtualiosparodos.archyvai.lt/lt/virtualios-parodos/34/30-sausio-ziemu-lvna/exh-206/lietuvos-respublikos-auksciausiosios-tarybos-priimti-dokumentai-pareiskimai-kreipimaisi/case-1037#slide6?>. Search in Google Scholar

Paris Treaty Providing For The Renunciation Of War As An Instrument Of National Policy Of August 27, 1928, Paris, [online]. Available at: < https://mjp.univ-perp.fr/traites/1928briand-kellogg.htm> Accessed: 12.07.2022. Search in Google Scholar

Protocol Additional To The Geneva Conventions Of 12 August 1949, And Relating To The Protection Of Victims Of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977, [online]. Available at: <https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/api-1977/article-86?activeTab=undefined>. Search in Google Scholar

RUPŠYTĖ, Angonita, Defense of Freedom in 1991, [online]. Available at: <https://www.lrs.lt/sip/portal.show?p_r=37337&p_k=1>. Search in Google Scholar

SIAURUSEVIČIUS, Audrius, MILDAŽYTĖ, Edita, The Year Of Our Freedom – 1990, LRT, 2017, [online]. Available at: < https://www.lrt.lt/mediateka/irasas/1013664629/musu-laisves-metai>. Search in Google Scholar

URMAN Aleksandra, MAKHORTYKH Mykola, My War Is Your Special Operation: Engagement With Pro- And Anti-Regime Framing Of The War In Ukraine On Russian Social Media. OSF Preprints, 2022, doi:10.31219/osf.io/67snk, pp. 1–2. [online]. Available at: <https://osf.io/67snk/>.10.31219/osf.io/67snk Search in Google Scholar

VADAPALAS, Vilenas, International Law. Eugrimas, 2006, p. 490. [online]. Available at: <https://books.google.lt/books?id=_5Go6q0saE8C&pg=PA490&lpg=PA490&dq=kas%20yra%20ultimatumas%20tarptautin%C4%97je%20teis%C4%97je&source=bl&ots=c9Hdnmx-9M&sig=ACfU3U3zfcDHpQYTO8L5DuSw3ys-6cKyBw&hl=lt&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjFpNWuqvL2AhXEhP0HHRTQBecQ6AF6BAgfEAM&fbclid=IwAR1S1CDJ3PAp3ba_uLP5JYVwZXCBvdVu-iOGL0szJPRqw07Q_LUE3QoxGvk#v=onepage&q=ultimatumas&f=false>. Search in Google Scholar

Wilhelm von Leeb et al. v. The United States of America. US Military Tribunal Nuremberg, Judgment of 27 October 1948, [online]. Available at: <http://werle.rewi.hu-berlin.de/High%20Command%20Case.pdf>. Search in Google Scholar

ŽALIMAS, Dainius, Soviet Aggression Against Lithuania In 1940: Groundless Attempts To Justify It From The Point Of View Of International Law. Jurisprudence, 2003, vol. 46, no. 38, [online]. Available at: <https://etalpykla.lituanistikadb.lt/object/LT-LDB-0001:J.04~2003~1367182218802/J.04~2003~1367182218802.pdf>. Search in Google Scholar

ŽALIMAS, Dainius, USSR Occupation Compensation Law In The Context Of International Law Norms. Jurisprudence, 2006, vol. 10, no. 88, [online]. Available at: <https://etalpykla.lituanistikadb.lt/object/LT-LDB-0001:J.04~2006~1367154974919/J.04~2006~1367154974919.pdf>. Search in Google Scholar

ŽALIMAS, Dainius. Legal And Political Issues On The Continuity Of The Republic Of Lithuania. Lithuanian Foreign Policy Review. No. 4, 1999. Search in Google Scholar

ŽILINSKAS, Justinas, MAROZAS, Tomas. The Mens Rea Element Of Commanders’ Responsibility In Customary International Law And The Rome Statute. Jurisprudence, vol. 18, no. 4, 2011, [online]. Available at: <https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/197257858.pdf>. Search in Google Scholar

ŽILINSKAS, Justinas, The Concept Of Armed Conflict In International Humanitarian Law And The Problems Of Its Application In Modern Armed Conflicts, Jurisprudence, 2008, vol. 2, no. 104, [online]. Available at: <https://ojs.mruni.eu/ojs/jurisprudence/article/view/2625>. Search in Google Scholar

eISSN:
2464-6601
Idioma:
Inglés