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Effects of Solar Particle Event-Like Proton Radiation and/or Simulated Microgravity on Circulating Mouse Blood Cells

Ana L. Romero-Weaver
Ana L. Romero-Weaver
, 
Liyong Lin
Liyong Lin
, 
Alejandro Carabe-Fernandez
Alejandro Carabe-Fernandez
 y 
Ann R. Kennedy
Ann R. Kennedy
   | 18 ene 2022
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Article Category: Research Article
Publicado en línea: 18 ene 2022
Páginas: 42 - 53
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2014-0004
© 2014 Ana L. Romero-Weaver et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1.

Mean of lymphocyte counts obtained on day two after irradiation were analyzed by DOE using a general linear model with radiation dose (Gy) and HU as independent variables. The results are presented in the main effects (A) and interaction (B) charts; the statistical significance of the main effects and interaction was determined by an F-test, with p values shown in the respective charts.
Mean of lymphocyte counts obtained on day two after irradiation were analyzed by DOE using a general linear model with radiation dose (Gy) and HU as independent variables. The results are presented in the main effects (A) and interaction (B) charts; the statistical significance of the main effects and interaction was determined by an F-test, with p values shown in the respective charts.

Figure 2.

Mean of granulocyte counts obtained on day four after irradiation were analyzed by DOE using a general linear model with radiation dose (Gy) and HU as independent variables. The results are presented in the main effects (A) and interaction (B) charts; the statistical significance of the main effects and interaction was determined by an F-test, with p values shown in the respective charts.
Mean of granulocyte counts obtained on day four after irradiation were analyzed by DOE using a general linear model with radiation dose (Gy) and HU as independent variables. The results are presented in the main effects (A) and interaction (B) charts; the statistical significance of the main effects and interaction was determined by an F-test, with p values shown in the respective charts.

Figure 3.

Mean of granulocyte counts obtained on day 16 after irradiation were analyzed by DOE using a general linear model with radiation dose (Gy) and HU as independent variables. The results are presented in the main effects (A) and interaction (B) charts; the statistical significance of the main effects and interaction was determined by an F-test, with p values shown in the respective charts.
Mean of granulocyte counts obtained on day 16 after irradiation were analyzed by DOE using a general linear model with radiation dose (Gy) and HU as independent variables. The results are presented in the main effects (A) and interaction (B) charts; the statistical significance of the main effects and interaction was determined by an F-test, with p values shown in the respective charts.

Figure 4.

Mean of platelet counts obtained on day10 after irradiation were analyzed by DOE using a general linear model with radiation dose (Gy) and HU as independent variables. The results are presented in the main effects (A) and interaction (B) charts; the statistical significance of the main effects and interaction was determined by an F-test, with p values shown in the respective charts.
Mean of platelet counts obtained on day10 after irradiation were analyzed by DOE using a general linear model with radiation dose (Gy) and HU as independent variables. The results are presented in the main effects (A) and interaction (B) charts; the statistical significance of the main effects and interaction was determined by an F-test, with p values shown in the respective charts.

Figure 5.

Effects of HU (broken line), proton radiation alone (straight line), and the combined treatment with radiation and HU (punctuated line) on mouse lymphocytes (A), granulocytes (B), and platelets (C) as a function of time. Lymphocyte, granulocyte, and platelet counts are shown as fraction of control (symbols) and standard error (error bars), and they are plotted against the time after irradiation. As indicated by the arrow, HU treatment started two days prior to irradiation. Statistical significance was indicated by * (p<0.05) for a one-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s test comparison of the results from each treatment group with the corresponding sham-control value, or by # (p<0.05) for a t-test comparison of the results between the mice exposed to radiation alone and mice exposed to the combined treatment with radiation and HU.
Effects of HU (broken line), proton radiation alone (straight line), and the combined treatment with radiation and HU (punctuated line) on mouse lymphocytes (A), granulocytes (B), and platelets (C) as a function of time. Lymphocyte, granulocyte, and platelet counts are shown as fraction of control (symbols) and standard error (error bars), and they are plotted against the time after irradiation. As indicated by the arrow, HU treatment started two days prior to irradiation. Statistical significance was indicated by * (p<0.05) for a one-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s test comparison of the results from each treatment group with the corresponding sham-control value, or by # (p<0.05) for a t-test comparison of the results between the mice exposed to radiation alone and mice exposed to the combined treatment with radiation and HU.

Fitted value (FV) of the effective dose of radiation (ED) to decrease the cell count by 10% (ED10), 50% (ED50) and 90% (ED90) in mice exposed to SPE-like proton and/or HU.

ED10ED50ED90
FV (Gy)95% CI*FV (Gy)95% CIFV (Gy)95% CI
Lymphocytes
day-2 post-irradiation
No HU0.130.09 – 0.160.830.58 – 1.082.761.92 – 3.60
HU0.230.09 – 0.371.490.56 – 2.414.931.87 – 8.00
Granulocytes
day-4 post-irradiation
No HU0.240.07 – 0.401.560.48 – 2.645.191.59 – 8.79
HU0.290.16 – 0.411.881.06 – 2.716.253.52 – 8.99
Granulocytes
day-16 post-irradiation
No HU0.170.10 – 0.241.140.68 – 1.603.782.25 – 5.32
HUNM**NMNMNMNMNM
Platelets
day-10 post-irradiation
No HU0.200.12 – 0.271.290.79 – 1.804.302.62 – 5.99
HU0.190.09 – 0.281.231.59 – 1.874.091.97 – 6.24
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