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The Bleaching of Different K-Feldspar pIRIR Signals of Source Materials of Lacustrine Sediment – A Case Study from Bosten Lake Basin in Arid Central Asia

He Yang
He Yang
, 
Guoqiang Li
Guoqiang Li
, 
Ming Jin
Ming Jin
, 
Haixia Zhang
Haixia Zhang
, 
Xiaoyan Wang
Xiaoyan Wang
, 
Christopher Oldknow
Christopher Oldknow
, 
Zhong Wang
Zhong Wang
 y 
Xin Huang
Xin Huang
   | 31 dic 2021
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Publicado en línea: 31 dic 2021
Páginas: 272 - 283
Recibido: 28 dic 2018
Aceptado: 02 mar 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/geochr-2020-0013
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© 2018 He Yang et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

a) location map indicating position of Bosten Lake located on the southeastern side of the Yanqi basin on the southern slope of the Tian Shan Mountain; b) indicates the distribution of different modern depositional environments around the Bosten Lake Basin which were sampled. Four eolian sand samples (BST16S-1, BST16S-2, BST16S-3, and BST16S-14) were collected from the widespread sand dune field around the lake. Six samples BST16S-4, BST16S-5, BST16S-6, BST16S-7, BST16S-8 and BST16S-9 were collected from the over flooding deposit at different points of Kaidu River channel. Three samples BST16S-10, BST16S-11 and BST16S-12 were collected from the surface of the pluvial fan down the Elbin-Alagou Mountains. The red cycle with BST12B besides is the location of drill core BST12B from Li et al. (2016).
a) location map indicating position of Bosten Lake located on the southeastern side of the Yanqi basin on the southern slope of the Tian Shan Mountain; b) indicates the distribution of different modern depositional environments around the Bosten Lake Basin which were sampled. Four eolian sand samples (BST16S-1, BST16S-2, BST16S-3, and BST16S-14) were collected from the widespread sand dune field around the lake. Six samples BST16S-4, BST16S-5, BST16S-6, BST16S-7, BST16S-8 and BST16S-9 were collected from the over flooding deposit at different points of Kaidu River channel. Three samples BST16S-10, BST16S-11 and BST16S-12 were collected from the surface of the pluvial fan down the Elbin-Alagou Mountains. The red cycle with BST12B besides is the location of drill core BST12B from Li et al. (2016).

Fig. 2

Locations of modern analogue samples collected from different potential sources of lake sediment at Bosten Lake Basin.
Locations of modern analogue samples collected from different potential sources of lake sediment at Bosten Lake Basin.

Fig. 3

a) b) c) show the dose recovery test results from sample BST16S-1. a is the measured dose/given (M/G) dose; b) and c) show the recycling ratios and recuperation values.
a) b) c) show the dose recovery test results from sample BST16S-1. a is the measured dose/given (M/G) dose; b) and c) show the recycling ratios and recuperation values.

Fig. 4

Luminescence characteristics of K-feldspar pIRIR signal for samples: a), b) and c) show representative decay and growth curves from the pIR50IR170, IR50, pIR50IR290, IR50 and pIR200IR290, IR200 signals for K-feldspar sample BST16S-5. d), e) and f) show the recycling ratios and recuperation values of all aliquots for the pIR50IR170, pIR50IR290 and pIR200IR290 De measurements for all samples, respectively.
Luminescence characteristics of K-feldspar pIRIR signal for samples: a), b) and c) show representative decay and growth curves from the pIR50IR170, IR50, pIR50IR290, IR50 and pIR200IR290, IR200 signals for K-feldspar sample BST16S-5. d), e) and f) show the recycling ratios and recuperation values of all aliquots for the pIR50IR170, pIR50IR290 and pIR200IR290 De measurements for all samples, respectively.

Fig. 5

The distribution of De (a) and age (b) values obtained using different pIRIR signals (pIR50IR170 De, pIR50IR290 De and pIR200IR290).
The distribution of De (a) and age (b) values obtained using different pIRIR signals (pIR50IR170 De, pIR50IR290 De and pIR200IR290).

Fig. 6

a) and b) pIRIR ages from eolian and river sediments plotted as a function of distance from sampling sites from Bosten Lake, respectively.
a) and b) pIRIR ages from eolian and river sediments plotted as a function of distance from sampling sites from Bosten Lake, respectively.

Fig. 7

Plots of the residual doses of eolian samples (a), fluvial samples (b) and pluvial samples (c) obtained using different pIRIR signals after 112 h sunlight bleaching as a function of the associated De values.
Plots of the residual doses of eolian samples (a), fluvial samples (b) and pluvial samples (c) obtained using different pIRIR signals after 112 h sunlight bleaching as a function of the associated De values.

Fig. 8

a), b), c) and d) show the hard-to-bleach dose values for eolian, fluvial, and pluvial and lacustrine samples, respectively. pIR50IR170 residual dose of loess (red cycles) in a) and pIR50IR290 residual dose of lacustrine samples (square and triangle) in d) are cited from Li et al. (2015b) and Li et al. (2016), respectively.
a), b), c) and d) show the hard-to-bleach dose values for eolian, fluvial, and pluvial and lacustrine samples, respectively. pIR50IR170 residual dose of loess (red cycles) in a) and pIR50IR290 residual dose of lacustrine samples (square and triangle) in d) are cited from Li et al. (2015b) and Li et al. (2016), respectively.

Summary of the residual dose after 112 h bleaching under sunlight for all samples from Bosten lake Basin.

Sample No. Residual dose (112 h bleaching)
IR50 (Gy) pIR50IR170 (Gy) IR50 (Gy) pIR50IR290 (Gy) IR200 (Gy) pIR200IR290 (Gy)
BST16S-1 0.53 ± 0.01 0.10 ± 0.005 0.34 ± 0.01 2.01 ± 0.05 0.76 ± 0.02 2.11 ± 0.08
BST16S-2 0.05 ± 0.001 0.33 ± 0.01 0.32 ± 0.01 2.06 ± 0.05 0.75 ± 0.02 2.26 ± 0.09
BST16S-3 0.07 ± 0.002 0.15 ± 0.005 0.32 ± 0.01 1.80 ± 0.05 0.78 ± 0.02 2.48 ± 0.11
BST16S-4 0.08 ± 0.002 1.02 ± 0.02 0.80 ± 0.02 4.74 ± 0.12 1.82 ± 0.04 6.01 ± 0.22
BST16S-5 0.06 ± 0.002 0.62 ± 0.02 0.65 ± 0.02 3.43 ± 0.09 1.57 ± 0.04 5.00 ± 0.19
BST16S-6 0.39 ± 0.01 1.02 ± 0.02 1.00 ± 0.03 4.93 ± 0.13 1.99 ± 0.04 6.85 ± 0.27
BST16S-7 0.26 ± 0.01 1.10 ± 0.03 0.95 ± 0.02 6.00 ± 0.17 1.66 ± 0.04 5.48 ± 0.18
BST16S-8 0.30 ± 0.01 1.34 ± 0.03 0.89 ± 0.02 5.11 ± 0.14 2.25 ± 0.05 7.53 ± 0.28
BST16S-9 0.42 ± 0.01 1.58 ± 0.04 1.04 ± 0.03 5.19 ± 0.14 2.21 ± 0.05 7.21 ± 0.26
BST16S-10 0.50 ± 0.01 3.47 ± 0.08 1.57 ± 0.04 10.69 ± 0.29 3.50 ± 0.08 14.32 ± 0.51
BST16S-11 0.56 ± 0.01 3.91 ± 0.09 1.77 ± 0.04 11.35 ± 0.29 3.82 ± 0.08 15.94 ± 0.55
BST16S-12 0.89 ± 0.02 1.80 ± 0.04 0.81 ± 0.02 7.70 ± 0.20 3.06 ± 0.07 10.24 ± 0.35
BST16S-14 1.14 ± 0.02 0.17 ± 0.01 0.33 ± 0.01 1.72 ± 0.05 0.80 ± 0.02 2.18 ± 0.09

The pIRIR dating protocol using: (i) the pIR50IR170 signal (Li et al., 2015b); (ii) the pIR50IR290 signal (Thiel et al., 2011); and (iii) the pIR200IR290 signal (Li and Li, 2012).

Step pIR50IR170 dating protocol Observed pIR50IR290 dating protocol Observed pIR200IR290 dating protocol Observed
1 Give dose Dia Give dose Dia Give dose Dia
2 Preheat at 200°C for 60 s Preheat at 320°C for 60 s Preheat at 320°C for 60 s
3 IRSL, 200 s at 50°C Lx1 IRSL, 200 s at 50°C Lx1 IRSL, 200 s at 200°C Lx1
4 pIRIR, 200 s at 170°C Lx2 pIRIR, 200 s at 290°C Lx2 pIRIR, 200 s at 290°C Lx2
5 Give test dose Give test dose Give test dose
6 Preheat at 200°C for 60 s Preheat at 320°C for 60 s Preheat at 320°C for 60 s
7 IRSL, 200 s at 50°C Tx1 IRSL, 200 s at 50°C Tx1 IRSL, 200 s at 200°C Tx1
8 pIRIR, 200 s at 170°C Tx2 pIRIR, 200 s at 290°C Tx2 pIRIR, 200 s at 290°C Tx2
9 IRSL, 200s bleaching at 325°C IRSL, 200s bleaching at 325°C
10 Return to 1 Return to 1 Return to 1

Summary of K-feldspar pIRIR age data for samples from Bosten lake Basin.

Sample No. pIR50IR170/pIR50IR290/pIR200IR290 Aliquot IR50 De (Gy) pIR50IR170 De (Gy) IR50 De (Gy) pIR50IR290 De (Gy) IR200 De (Gy) pIR200IR290 De (Gy) pIR50IR170 OD (%) pIR50IR290 OD (%) pIR200IR290 OD (%) IR50 Age (ka) pIR50IR170 Age (ka) IR50 Age (ka) pIR50IR290 Age (ka) IR200 Age (ka) pIR200IR290 Age (ka)
BST16S-1 11/5/4 0.8±0.3 0.8±0.1 0.3±0.03 2.9±0.2 1.8±0.2 5.4±0.3 72±15 11±4 9±4 0.2±0.1 0.2±0.03 0.1±0.01 0.9±0.1 0.6±0.1 1.7±0.1
BST16S-2 4/8/4 4.6±0.1 7.4±0.3 3.3±0.3 9.3±0.7 5.1±0.6 13.0±0.3 5±2 23±6 4±2 1.3±0.04 2.0±0.1 0.9±0.1 2.5±0.2 1.4±0.2 3.5±0.1
BST16S-3 4/5/4 0.6±0.04 1.3±0.1 0.9±0.1 4.8±0.4 1.8±0.1 6.4±0.2 9±3 15±5 3±2 0.2±0.01 0.4±0.03 0.3±0.03 1.4±0.1 0.5±0.03 1.8±0.1
BST16S-14 11/5/4 0.2±0.1 0.4±0.1 0.4±0.1 3.0±0.2 1.0±0.02 4.0±0.2 53±11 12±4 7±3 0.1±0.03 0.1±0.03 0.1±0.03 0.9±0.1 0.3±0.01 1.3±0.1
BST16S-4 4/4/4 0.8±0.1 3.5±0.3 3.1±0.5 19.2±1.7 6.5±0.2 31.0±1.0 16±6 16±6 4±2 0.2±0.03 0.9±0.1 0.8±0.1 5.0±0.5 1.7±0.1 8.1±0.4
BST16S-5 4/4/5 1.2±0.1 3.4±0.04 1.6±0.2 9.8±0.4 3.9±0.3 15.1±0.7 0 7±3 7±3 0.4±0.03 1.0±0.03 0.5±0.1 2.9±0.1 1.2±0.1 4.5±0.2
BST16S-6 4/4/6 1.8±0.1 5.9±0.2 3.2±0.3 18.2±1.6 7.5±0.4 30.7±1.8 5±2 16±6 10±4 0.5±0.03 1.6±0.1 0.9±0.1 4.9±0.5 2.0±0.1 8.3±0.6
BST16S-7 8/4/4 1.7±0.1 6.0±0.6 2.9±0.1 22.3±1.9 7.9±1.0 33.7±2.6 24±6 15±6 13±5 0.5±0.03 1.6±0.2 0.8±0.04 6.0±0.5 2.1±0.3 9.1±0.8
BST16S-8 8/7/8 2.7±0.9 6.8±0.8 2.9±0.3 20.5±1.6 8.9±1.1 40.2±3.5 32±8 22±6 19±5 0.7±0.2 1.8±0.2 0.8±0.1 5.4±0.5 2.4±0.3 10.7±1
BST16S-9 8/7/9 2.2±0.2 10.9±1.1 4.1±0.6 23.0±1.1 10.2±0.8 38.5±2.9 31±8 14±4 21±5 0.6±0.1 2.8±0.3 1.1±0.2 6.0±0.3 2.7±0.2 10±0.8
BST16S-10 8/5/4 89.0±3.8 160.5±5.5 60.5±5.7 158.2±11.8 86.6±4.1 197.2±14.1 8±2 15±5 11±4 20.4±0.9 36.7±1.4 13.8±1.3 36.2±2.8 19.8±1 45.1±3.3
BST16S-11 4/9/4 3.7±0.2 20.8±2.1 7.6±0.5 46.7±2.8 19.8±1.8 84.9±4.6 17±6 18±4 9±3 0.9±0.05 4.8±0.5 1.8±0.1 10.8±0.7 4.6±0.4 19.7±1.1
BST16S-12 4/5/4 2.2±0.2 19.0±1.8 4.1±0.7 31.0±1.9 18.3±1.8 71.4±6.7 17±6 11±4 16±6 0.5±0.04 4.0±0.4 0.9±0.1 6.5±0.4 3.8±0.4 15±1.4

The location and sediment type of samples from Bosten lake Basin.

Sample No. Source material Distance from Lake (km) Site Altitude (m)
BST16S-1 Eolian sand dunes Around 0.05 km 41.88N, 87.22E 1061
BST16S-2 Eolian sand dunes Around 0.07 km 41.93N, 87.13E 1060
BST16S-3 Eolian sand dunes Around 0.10 km 41.90N, 86.99E 1055
BST16S-14 Eolian sand dunes Around 0.19 km 42.08N, 87.02E 1056
BST16S-4 Fluvial sand from Kaidu river Around 16.29 km 41.97N, 86.64E 1055
BST16S-5 Fluvial sand from Kaidu river 0 41.93N, 86.75E 1051
BST16S-6 Fluvial sand from Kaidu river Around 3.33 km 41.90N, 86.72E 1050
BST16S-7 Fluvial sand from Kaidu river Around 36.14 km 42.07N, 86.50E 1061
BST16S-8 Fluvial sand from Kaidu river Around 48.54 km 42.12N, 86.41E 1067
BST16S-9 Fluvial sand from Kaidu river Around 78.92 km 42.22N, 86.25E 1078
BST16S-10 Gravel sand from pluvial fans Around 21.72 km 42.31N, 86.91E 1166
BST16S-11 Gravel sand from pluvial fans Around 20.45 km 42.30N, 86.91E 1140
BST16S-12 Gravel sand from pluvial fans Around 19.59 km 42.25N, 87.06E 1114

Dose rate data based on Neutron Activation Analysis for samples from Bosten lake Basin.

Sample No. Grain size (μm) U (ppm) Th (ppm) K (%) Observed water content (%) Life average water content (%) Internal dose rate (Gy/ka) Cosmic dose rate (Gy/ka) Dose rate (Gy/ka)
BST16S-1 90–125 1.58 ± 0.07 4.9 ± 0.17 1.67 ± 0.06 0.20 1 ± 0.5 0.46 ± 0.03 0.33 3.21 ± 0.06
BST16S-2 90–125 1.08 ± 0.06 3.74 ± 0.14 2.29 ± 0.07 0.40 1 ± 0.5 0.46 ± 0.03 0.33 3.66 ± 0.06
BST16S-3 90–125 1.27 ± 0.06 5.18 ± 0.18 1.99 ± 0.06 0.05 1 ± 0.5 0.46 ± 0.03 0.33 3.50 ± 0.06
BST16S-14 90–125 1.44 ± 0.07 5.33 ± 0.18 1.62 ± 0.05 0.03 1 ± 0.5 0.46 ± 0.03 0.33 3.16 ± 0.06
BST16S-4 90–125 2.33 ± 0.09 11.8 ± 0.33 1.79 ± 0.06 4.5 6 ± 3 0.46 ± 0.03 0.33 3.83 ± 0.12
BST16S-5 90–125 1.33 ± 0.07 6.07 ± 0.20 1.94 ± 0.06 24.8 6 ± 3 0.46 ± 0.03 0.33 3.37 ± 0.10
BST16S-6 90–125 1.71 ± 0.08 6.33 ± 0.21 2.03 ± 0.06 32.5 6 ± 3 0.46 ± 0.03 0.33 3.72 ± 0.12
BST16S-7 90–125 1.74 ± 0.08 7.26 ± 0.23 2.13 ± 0.06 1.2 6 ± 3 0.46 ± 0.03 0.33 3.72 ± 0.11
BST16S-8 90–125 1.67 ± 0.08 8.56 ± 0.26 2.09 ± 0.06 2.7 6 ± 3 0.46 ± 0.03 0.33 3.76 ± 0.12
BST16S-9 90–125 1.84 ± 0.08 8.59 ± 0.26 2.13 ± 0.06 8.6 6 ± 3 0.46 ± 0.03 0.33 3.84 ± 0.12
BST16S-10 90–125 2.36 ± 0.09 12.9 ± 0.36 2.05 ± 0.06 2.1 1 ± 0.5 0.46 ± 0.03 0.34 4.37 ± 0.07
BST16S-11 90–125 1.86 ± 0.08 9.82 ± 0.28 2.32 ± 0.07 2.2 1 ± 0.5 0.46 ± 0.03 0.33 4.32 ± 0.07
BST16S-12 90–125 1.97 ± 0.08 12.6 ± 0.35 2.54 ± 0.07 0.2 1 ± 0.5 0.46 ± 0.03 0.33 4.77 ± 0.07
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