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CW-OSL, LM-OSL and TL Dating of Bricks from Karakorum, Mongolia: Insights from TL Spectra

Saran Solongo
Saran Solongo
, 
Saran Tengis
Saran Tengis
, 
Günther A. Wagner
Günther A. Wagner
 y 
Hans-Georg Hüttel
Hans-Georg Hüttel
   | 31 dic 2021
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Publicado en línea: 31 dic 2021
Páginas: 402 - 414
Recibido: 15 feb 2019
Aceptado: 07 oct 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/geochr-2020-0003
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© 2019 Saran Solongo et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

TL contour map recorded after laboratory β-irradiation and storage for 4 weeks. (a) heated quartz samples HD3 (red coloured brick), and (b)HD2-57 (grey coloured brick).
TL contour map recorded after laboratory β-irradiation and storage for 4 weeks. (a) heated quartz samples HD3 (red coloured brick), and (b)HD2-57 (grey coloured brick).

Fig. 2

TL emission spectra for heated quartz (a, c) HD3 and (b, d) HD2-57. Deconvolution into Gaussian components of the thermoluminescence emission spectra of HD3 showed a broad UV emission band peaking at 366 nm, and the blue emission band peaking at 474 nm. HD2-57 showed typical for quartz blue emission bands peaking at 470 nm for a temperature 200–350°C, and 490 nm emission at 125–175°C. There is peak with low intensity at 600 nm. The UV emission band is absent in TL spectra of HD2-57.
TL emission spectra for heated quartz (a, c) HD3 and (b, d) HD2-57. Deconvolution into Gaussian components of the thermoluminescence emission spectra of HD3 showed a broad UV emission band peaking at 366 nm, and the blue emission band peaking at 474 nm. HD2-57 showed typical for quartz blue emission bands peaking at 470 nm for a temperature 200–350°C, and 490 nm emission at 125–175°C. There is peak with low intensity at 600 nm. The UV emission band is absent in TL spectra of HD2-57.

Fig. 3

(a, b) Fitting of CW-OSL decay curves and (c, d) pseudo-LM-OSL decay curves for quartz HD3 and HD2-57. The insets show the relative contribution of fast and medium components. (e) Deconvolution of experimental LM-OSL curves HD3 and K02-08.
(a, b) Fitting of CW-OSL decay curves and (c, d) pseudo-LM-OSL decay curves for quartz HD3 and HD2-57. The insets show the relative contribution of fast and medium components. (e) Deconvolution of experimental LM-OSL curves HD3 and K02-08.

Fig. 4

(a), (c) The representative natural, regenerated and test dose CW-OSL decay curves recorded during the SAR cycles for quartz HD3 and K02/08, respectively, N-natural OSL, R3, R4 - regenerated OSL, TD1, TD5 – test dose OSL. (b), (d) The corresponding dose-response curve fitted by exponential fit.
(a), (c) The representative natural, regenerated and test dose CW-OSL decay curves recorded during the SAR cycles for quartz HD3 and K02/08, respectively, N-natural OSL, R3, R4 - regenerated OSL, TD1, TD5 – test dose OSL. (b), (d) The corresponding dose-response curve fitted by exponential fit.

Fig. 5

Preheat plateau test K02/08. a) dose-response curves obtained for preheat temperatures from 200°C to 280°C and the corresponding pre-heat plot De=f(T). b) TL glow curves obtained at the end of SAR protocol after giving a dose of 1.1 Gy. Inset shows sensitivity changes occurring during SAR.
Preheat plateau test K02/08. a) dose-response curves obtained for preheat temperatures from 200°C to 280°C and the corresponding pre-heat plot De=f(T). b) TL glow curves obtained at the end of SAR protocol after giving a dose of 1.1 Gy. Inset shows sensitivity changes occurring during SAR.

Fig. 6

LM-OSL measurements on HD3 and K02-02 using SAR. (a, e) The natural (N) and regenerated (Reg) LM-OSL curves; (b, f) test dose LM-OSL; (c) LM-OSL dose-response curve derived by integrating fast (0–200 s) and slow (last 100 s) for HD3 and by integrating medium (0–100 s) and slow (last 100 s) for K02-02; (d) The sensitivity changes occurring during SAR cycles. Test dose TD – signal (0–200 s), Reg and TD signals of slow components derived as integer of last 100 s.
LM-OSL measurements on HD3 and K02-02 using SAR. (a, e) The natural (N) and regenerated (Reg) LM-OSL curves; (b, f) test dose LM-OSL; (c) LM-OSL dose-response curve derived by integrating fast (0–200 s) and slow (last 100 s) for HD3 and by integrating medium (0–100 s) and slow (last 100 s) for K02-02; (d) The sensitivity changes occurring during SAR cycles. Test dose TD – signal (0–200 s), Reg and TD signals of slow components derived as integer of last 100 s.

Fig. 7

a) SAR-TL und c) regenerated TL measurements on heated quartz K02/08. TL signal was derived by integrating 325–370°C and 300–350°C, correspondingly. (b, c) corresponding dose-response curves. Inset in b) shows sensitivity changes during SAR. SAR TL De is 3.81±0.33 Gy (n=10). Regenerated TL gives De of 3.5±0.20 Gy.
a) SAR-TL und c) regenerated TL measurements on heated quartz K02/08. TL signal was derived by integrating 325–370°C and 300–350°C, correspondingly. (b, c) corresponding dose-response curves. Inset in b) shows sensitivity changes during SAR. SAR TL De is 3.81±0.33 Gy (n=10). Regenerated TL gives De of 3.5±0.20 Gy.

Fragments of bricks for luminescence dating and concentration of radionuclides measured by high-resolution gamma-spectrometry.

Sample Description 232Th (ppm) 235U (ppm) 40K (%) β (mGy/a), β counter γ (mGy/a)
K02/01, brick, Great Hall floor, red colored 12.79 ± 0.22 3.43 ± 0.09 2.77 ± 0.015 3.16 ± 0.07 1.73 ± 0.02
HD12B, brick, Great Hall red colored 14.88 ± 0.32 4.26 ± 0.18 2.77 ± 0.10 3.02 ± 0.015 1.86 ± 0.07
HD3, brick, red-colored 13.45 ± 0.29 3.98 ± 0.12 2.68 ± 0.09 2.93 ± 0.15 1.74 ± 0.09
HD3-1, brick, red-colored 13.73 ± 0.26 4.52 ± 0.12 2.59 ± 0.08 2.93 ± 0.15 1.78 ± 0.09
B288B, brick, red-colored, basement, manufacturing 14.66 ± 0.28 4.23 ± 0.09 2.87 ± 0.085 3.03 ± 0.15 1.84 ± 0.080
K02/02, brick, Buddhist ground, grey colored 12.86 ± 0.022 3.71 ± 0.09 2.79 ± 0.08 2.92 ± 0.15 1.60 ± 0.04
K02/08 wallbrick, Stupa basement, grey colored 13.87 ± 0.17 4.05 ± 0.07 2.70 ± 0.05 2.99 ± 0.15 1.81 ± 0.04
HD2-57, grey colored 3-B2027, P202, format 45mm 13.68 ± 0.28 4.24 ± 0.13 2.74 ± 0.09 2.82 ± 0.14 1.79 ± 0.09
K36, brick, small kiln, grey colored 12.97 ± 0.20 3.49 ± 0.08 2.85 ± 0.06 2.972 ± 0.15 1.77 ± 0.02

Age estimates and dose De obtained using different luminescence methods (n number of aliquots, all doses are obtained for coarse quartz). * CW-OSL dates were taken from Solongo et al. (2006a).

Sample description Method N aliqouts De (Gy) Dr (Gy/ka) Date (AD)
K02/01, brick, Great Hall floor, red colored CW-OSL* 12 3.16 ± 0.07 4.56 ± 0.32 1310 ± 45
LM-OSL 3 2.90 ± 0.10 1370 ± 50
TL-SAR 6 3.48 ± 0.09 1250 ± 55
HD12B, brick, Great Hall basement, red colored CW-OSL 24 2.90 ± 0.09 4.58 ± 0.30 1340 ± 45
LM-OSL 3 2.98 ± 0.07 1350 ± 45
HD3, brick, red colored, Great Hall area CW-OSL 24 3.07 ± 0.06 4.61 ± 0.28 1340 ± 40
LM-OSL 4 3.20 ± 0.10 1310 ± 50
HD3-1, brick, red-colored, Great Hall area CW-OSL 44 3.28 ± 0.04 4.60 ± 0.29 1290 ± 40
LM-OSL 10 3.00 ± 0.10 1345 ± 55
B288B brick, red-colored, basement, manufacturing quarter CW-OSL 21 3.30 ± 0.14 5.19 ± 0.31 1370 ± 55
LM-OSL 3 2.90 ± 0.10 1450 ± 50
HD2/57, grey colored, Great Hall area CW-OSL 6 - 4.43 ± 0.30 -
TL reg 6 2.89 ± 0.17 1360 ± 70
K02/08 wall brick, stupa basement, grey colored HD12 CW-OSL* 14 1.90 ± 0.33 4.87 ± 0.28 1610 ± 70
LM-OSL 2 1.90 ± 0.25 1620 ± 60
TL-SAR 10 3.81 ± 0.33 1220 ± 85
TL-REG 6 3.65 ± 0.23 1260 ± 70
K02/02, brick, Buddhist Lotus trone, grey colored CW-OSL 10 2.08 ± 0.32 4.7 ± 0.28 1560 ± 80
LM-OSL 2 2.10 ± 0.20 1560 ± 50
TL-SAR 6 3.63 ± 0.30 1340 ± 80
K36, brick, small kiln, grey colored CW-OSL 12 2.18 ± 0.51 4.87 ± 0.29 1560 ± 120
TL-SAR 6 4.10 ± 0.05 1190 ± 70

SAR procedure using CW-OSL, LM-OSL, TL used in this study.

Step CW-OSL LM-OSL TL
1 Give dose (3.0; 4.7; 6.5;0;3.0 Gy) Give dose (3.0; 4.7; 6.5; 0; 3.0 Gy) Give dose (1.59; 3.59; 5.19; 0; 1.59 Gy)
2 Preheat (220°C for 10 s) Preheat (220°C for 10 s) Preheat (180°C for 10 s at 5°C/s)
3 CW-OSL for 20 s at 125°C, Lx LM-OSL for 500 s (or 3000 s) at 125°C, Lx TL 495°C, Lx
4 Test dose (0.18Gy /or 0.64Gy) Test dose (e.g. 0.26 Gy) Test dose (e.g. 0.39 Gy)
5 Cutheat to 220°C Cutheat to 220°C Preheat (180°C for 10 s at 5°C/s)
6 CW-OSL for 20 s at 125°C, Tx LM-OSL for 500 s (3000 s) at 125°C,Tx TL 495°C, 5°C/s, Tx
7 Seq. LM-OSL for 500 s (3000 s) at 125°C (x 5)
8 Return to step 1 Return to step 1 Return to step 1
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