[
1. Adamovich-Rippe, K. N., Mayhew, P. D., Marks, S. L., Selmic, L. E., Culp, W. T. N., Youello, A. M., et al., 2017: Colonoscopic and histologic features of rectal masses in dogs: 82 cases (1995‒2012). J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 250, 424‒430. DOI: 10.2460/javma.250.4.424.10.2460/javma.250.4.424747454728165313
]Search in Google Scholar
[
2. Bardeleben, C., Moore, R. L., Wayne, R. K., 2005: Isolation and molecular evolution of the selenocysteine tRNA (Cf TRSP) and RNase P RNA (Cf RPPH1) genes in the dog family, Canidae. Mol. Biol. Evol., 22, 347‒359.10.1093/molbev/msi02215496554
]Search in Google Scholar
[
3. Biller, L. H., Schrag, D., 2021: Diagnosis and treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: A review. JAMA, 325, 669‒685. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.0106.10.1001/jama.2021.010633591350
]Search in Google Scholar
[
4. Burrows, C. F., 1989: Evaluation of a colonic lavage solution to prepare the colon of the dog for colonoscopy. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 195, 1719‒721.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
5. Cantatore, M., Jimeno Sandoval, J. C., Das S., Sesana, A., Charlesworth, T., Ryan, T., Morello, E. M., et al., 2022: Submucosal resection via a transanal approach for treatment of epithelial rectal tumours ‒ a multicenter study. Vet. Surg., 51, 397‒408. DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13766.10.1111/vsu.13766930368334997760
]Search in Google Scholar
[
6. Compton, C. C., 2003: Colorectal carcinoma: Diagnostic, prognostic and molecular features. Mod. Pathol., 16, 376‒388.10.1097/01.MP.0000062859.46942.9312692203
]Search in Google Scholar
[
7. Crawshaw, J., Berg, J., Sardinas, J., Engler, S., Rand, W., Ogilvie, G., et al., 1998: Prognosis for dogs with nonlymphomatous, small intestinal tumours treated by surgical excision. J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc., 34, 451‒456.10.5326/15473317-34-6-4519826278
]Search in Google Scholar
[
8. Church, E. M., Mehlhaff, C. J., Patnaik, A. K., 1987: Colorectal adenocarcinoma in dogs: 78 cases (1973‒1984). J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 191, 727‒730.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
9. Davies, J. V., Read, H. M., 1990: Sagittal pubic osteotomy in the investigation and treatment of intrapelvic neoplasia in the dog. J. Small Anim. Pract., 31, 123‒130.10.1111/j.1748-5827.1990.tb00742.x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
10. Fearon, E. R., 2011: Molecular genetics of colorectal cancer. Annu. Rev. Pathol. Mech. Dis., 6, 479‒507.10.1146/annurev-pathol-011110-13023521090969
]Search in Google Scholar
[
11. Fonda, D., Gualtieri, M., Scanziani, E., 1989: Gastric carcinoma in the dog: A clinicopathological study of 11 cases. J. Small. Anim. Pract., 30, 353–360.10.1111/j.1748-5827.1989.tb01579.x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
12. Habermann, J. K., Brucker, C. A., Freitag-Wolf, S., Heselmeyer-Haddad, K., Krüger, S., Barenboim, L., et al., 2011: Genomic instability and oncogene amplifications in colorectal adenomas predict recurrence and synchronous carcinoma. Mod. Pathol., 24, 542–555. DOI: 10.1038/modpat hol.2010.217.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
13. Head, K. W., Cullen, J. M., Dubielzig, R. R., Else, R. W., Misdrop, W., Patnaik, et al., 2003: Histological classification of tumours of the alimentary system of domestic animals. In Schulman E. D. (Ed.): World Health Organization International Histological Classification of Tumours of Domestic Animals. Second series. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology in cooperation with the American Registry of Pathology, Washington, D.C., 73–110.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
14. Holt, P., Lucke, V., 1985: Rectal neoplasia in the dog: A clinicopathological review of 31 cases. Vet. Rec., 116, 400‒405.10.1136/vr.116.15.4003839101
]Search in Google Scholar
[
15. Iishi, H., Tatsuta, M., Tsutsui, S., Imanishi, K., Otani, T., Okuda, S., et al., 1992: Early depressed adenocarcinomas of the large intestine. Cancer, 69, 2406–2410.10.1002/1097-0142(19920515)69:10<2406::AID-CNCR2820691004>3.0.CO;2-E
]Search in Google Scholar
[
16. Ji, X., Zhao, S., 2008: DA and Xiao-two giant and composite LTR-retrotransposon-like elements identified in the human genome. Genomics, 91, 249–258.10.1016/j.ygeno.2007.10.014
]Search in Google Scholar
[
17. Ji, X., Tang, J., Halberg, R., Busam, D., Ferriera, S., Peña, M. M. O., et al., 2010: Distinguishing between cancer driver and passenger gene alteration candidates via cross-species comparison: A pilot study. BMC Cancer, 10, 426. DOI: 10.11 86/1471-2407-10-426.10.1186/1471-2407-10-426
]Search in Google Scholar
[
18. Johnson, R. L., Fleet, J. C., 2013: Animal models of colorectal cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev., 32, 39‒61. DOI: 10.10 07/s10555-012-9404-6.10.1007/s10555-012-9404-6
]Search in Google Scholar
[
19. Kamano, T., Kurihara, M., Kishino, H., Mizukami, K., Kidokoro, T., Wakabayashi, K., Kuwabara, N., 1981: Experimental colonic cancer in a dog. Jap. J. Surg., 11, 214‒218.10.1007/BF02468841
]Search in Google Scholar
[
20. Kudo, S., Kashida, H., Tamura, T., 2000: Early colorectal cancer: Flat or depressed type. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 15, 66‒70.10.1046/j.1440-1746.2000.02140.x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
21. Kupanoff, P. A., Popovitch, C. A., Goldschmidt, M. H., 2006: Colorectal plasmacytomas: A retrospective study of nine dogs. J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc., 42, 37‒43. DOI: 10.53 26/0420037.10.5326/0420037
]Search in Google Scholar
[
22. Kuramoto, S., Oohara, T., 1988: Minute cancers arising de novo in the human large intestine. Cancer, 61, 829‒834.10.1002/1097-0142(19880215)61:4<829::AID-CNCR2820610431>3.0.CO;2-P
]Search in Google Scholar
[
23. Lindblad-Toh, K., Wade, C. M., Mikkelsen, T. S., Karlsson, E. K., Jaffe, D. B., Kamal, M., et al., 2005: Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog. Nature, 438, 803‒819. DOI: 10.1038/natu re04338.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
24. McEntee, M. F., Brenneman, K. A., 1999: Dysregulation of β-catenin is common in canine sporadic colorectal tumours. Vet. Pathol., 36, 228‒236.10.1354/vp.36-3-228
]Search in Google Scholar
[
25. Patnaik, A. K., Hurvitz, A. I., Johnson, G. F., 1977: Canine gastrointestinal neoplasms. Vet. Pathol., 14, 547‒555.10.1177/030098587701400602
]Search in Google Scholar
[
26. Patnaik, A. K., Lieberman, P. H., 1980: Gastric squamous cell carcinoma in a dog. Vet. Pathol., 17, 250‒253.10.1177/0300985880017002177361385
]Search in Google Scholar
[
27. Pontius, J. U., Mullikin, J. C., Smith, D. R., Agencourt Sequencing Team, Lindblad-Toh, K., Gnerre, S., et al., NISC Comparative Sequencing Program, O’Brien S. J., 2007: Initial sequence and comparative analysis of the cat genome. Genome Res., 17, 1675‒1689.10.1101/gr.6380007204515017975172
]Search in Google Scholar
[
28. Restucci, B., Martano, M., De Vico, G. L., Muzio, L., Maiolino, P., 2009: Expression of E-cadherin, beta-catenin and APC protein in canine colorectal tumours. Anticancer Res., 29, 2919–2925.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
29. Rim, S. H., Seeff, L., Ahmed, F., King, J. B., Coughlin, S. S., 2009: Colorectal cancer incidence in the United States, 1999‒2004: An updated analysis of data from the National Program of Cancer Registries and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Cancer, 115, 1967‒1976. DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24216.10.1002/cncr.2421619235249
]Search in Google Scholar
[
30. Saito, T., Chambers, J. K., Nakashima, K., Uchida, E., Ohno, K., Tsujimoto, H., et al., 2018: Histopathologic features of colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma developing within inflammatory polyps in Miniature Dachshunds. Vet. Pathol., 55, 654–662. DOI: 10.1177/0300985818777798.10.1177/030098581877779829852840
]Search in Google Scholar
[
31. Saito, T., Nibe, K., Chambers, J. K., Uneyama, M., Nakashima, K., Ohno, K., et al., 2020: A histopathological study on spontaneous gastrointestinal epithelial tumours in dogs. J. Toxicol. Pathol., 33, 105‒113. DOI: 10.1293/tox.20 19-0076.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
32. Savolainen, P., Zhang, Y. P., Luo, J., Lundeberg, J., Leitner, T. 2002: Genetic evidence for an East Asian origin of domestic dogs. Science, 298, 1610–1613.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
33. Sun, L. Ch., Chu, K. S., Cheng, S. Ch., Lu, Ch. Y., Kuo, Ch. H., Hsieh, J. S., 2009: Preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen, albumin and age are supplementary to UICC staging systems in predicting survival for colorectal cancer patients undergoing surgical treatment. BMG Cancer, 9, 288. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-288.10.1186/1471-2407-9-288274542819691850
]Search in Google Scholar
[
34. Tang, J., Le, S., Sun, L., Yan, X., Zhang, M., MacLeod, J., et al., 2010: Copy number abnormalities in sporadic canine colorectal cancers. Genome Res., 20, 341‒350. DOI: 10.1101/gr.092726.109.10.1101/gr.092726.109284098020086242
]Search in Google Scholar
[
35. Valerius, K., Powers, B., McPherron, M., Hutchison, J., Mann, F., Withrow, S., 1997: Adenomatous polyps and carcinoma in situ of the canine colon and rectum: 34 cases (1982‒1994). J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc., 33, 156‒160.10.5326/15473317-33-2-1569111726
]Search in Google Scholar
[
36. Vilà, C., Savolainen, P., Maldonado, J. E., Amorim, I. R., Rice, J. E., Honeycutt, R. L., et al., 1997: Multiple and ancient origins of the domestic dog. Science, 276, 1687‒1689.10.1126/science.276.5319.16879180076
]Search in Google Scholar
[
37. Wayne, R. K., Geffen, E., Girman, D. J., Koepfli, K. P., Lau, L. M., Marshall, C. R., 1997: Molecular systematics of the Canidae. Syst. Biol., 46, 622‒653.10.1093/sysbio/46.4.62211975336
]Search in Google Scholar
[
38. Willard, M. D., 2001: Colonoscopy, proctoscopy, and ileoscopy. Veterinary clinics of North America. Small Anim. Pract., 31, 657‒669.10.1016/S0195-5616(01)50064-911487949
]Search in Google Scholar
[
39. Wolf, J. C., Ginn, P. E., Homer, B., Fox, L. E., Kurzman, I. D., 1997: Immunohistochemical detection of p53 tumour suppressor gene protein in canine epithelial colorectal tumours. Vet. Pathol., 34, 394‒404.10.1177/0300985897034005039381650
]Search in Google Scholar
[
40. Youmans, L., Taylor, C., Shin, E., Harrell, A., Ellis, A. E., Séguin, B., Ji, X., Zhao, S., 2012: Frequent alteration of the tumour suppressor gene APC in sporadic canine colorectal tumours. PLOS ONE, 7, e50813. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone. 0050813.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
41. Zhao, H., Ming, T., Tang, S., Ren, S., Yang, H., Liu, M., et al., 2022: Wnt signaling in colorectal cancer: Pathogenic role and therapeutic target. Mol. Cancer, 21, 144. DOI: 10.11 86/s12943-022-01616-7.
]Search in Google Scholar