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Design and Testing of 3D Textile Materials with Vibro-Insulating Properties, Applicable in the Construction of Vibroisolating Seats for Machine and Device Operators

Michal Frydrysiak
Michal Frydrysiak
 y 
Zbigniew Pawliczak
Zbigniew Pawliczak
   | 06 ago 2024
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Article Category: Research Article
Publicado en línea: 06 ago 2024
Páginas: 57 - 68
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ftee-2024-0020
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© 2024 Michal Frydrysiak et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1.

(A) Example construction of a spacer knit structure; CAD visualization of knitted structure, guide bar of front and back view and spacer. (B) Cross section photographs of all the variants of the tested materials (OPTA-TECH X2000 microscope, magnification range: standard equipment 8-80x (head 1:10); from 8x 330x (optional equipment - head 1:10)
(A) Example construction of a spacer knit structure; CAD visualization of knitted structure, guide bar of front and back view and spacer. (B) Cross section photographs of all the variants of the tested materials (OPTA-TECH X2000 microscope, magnification range: standard equipment 8-80x (head 1:10); from 8x 330x (optional equipment - head 1:10)

Fig. 2.

Hysteresis loops for compression forces F25%, F50% and F75% for sample W5
Hysteresis loops for compression forces F25%, F50% and F75% for sample W5

Fig. 3.

Main dimensions of the seat of the melex test vehicle: (A) front view and top view ; (B) Melex dimensions
Main dimensions of the seat of the melex test vehicle: (A) front view and top view ; (B) Melex dimensions

Fig. 4.

(A) Distribution of pressure forces on the seat through the lower body part for a typical man;. (B) Scheme of the distribution of knitted layers in the prototype seat – consisting of two segments of material, W5 and W1
(A) Distribution of pressure forces on the seat through the lower body part for a typical man;. (B) Scheme of the distribution of knitted layers in the prototype seat – consisting of two segments of material, W5 and W1

Fig. 5.

Laboratory scheme used to measure the overall vibration excitation in the low frequency range
Laboratory scheme used to measure the overall vibration excitation in the low frequency range

Fig. 6.

(A) Dotted line shows the route taken for the two tests. (B) Components of the measuring system; prototype seat with 3D knitted fabric and the measuring system: meter VM - 54 RION and sensor PV - 62 RION CO.LTD.
(A) Dotted line shows the route taken for the two tests. (B) Components of the measuring system; prototype seat with 3D knitted fabric and the measuring system: meter VM - 54 RION and sensor PV - 62 RION CO.LTD.

Fig. 7.

Characteristics of the SEAT damping protection effectiveness coefficient for the materials tested
Characteristics of the SEAT damping protection effectiveness coefficient for the materials tested

Fig. 8.

Graph showing RMS acceleration (a, m/s2) values over time for the X axis
Graph showing RMS acceleration (a, m/s2) values over time for the X axis

Fig. 9.

Graph showing RMS acceleration (a, m/s2) values over time for the Y axis
Graph showing RMS acceleration (a, m/s2) values over time for the Y axis

Fig. 10.

Graph showing RMS acceleration (a, m/s2) values over time for the Z axis
Graph showing RMS acceleration (a, m/s2) values over time for the Z axis

Fig. 11.

Graph showing the values of the instantaneous peak accelerations for the X axis – sample 1
Graph showing the values of the instantaneous peak accelerations for the X axis – sample 1

Fig. 12.

Graph showing the values of the instantaneous peak accelerations for the Y axis – sample 1
Graph showing the values of the instantaneous peak accelerations for the Y axis – sample 1

Fig. 13.

Graph showing the values of instantaneous peak accelerations for the z axis – sample 1
Graph showing the values of instantaneous peak accelerations for the z axis – sample 1

SEAT coefficient for instantaneous peak accelerations on selected segments for individual axes at 10-second segments and at the highest point

Segment number X Axis Y Axis Z Axis
SEAT factor (10 second segment) Segment 1 1,5 1,0 1,2
Segment 2 1,1 1,2 1,1
SEAT ratio at the highest point Segment 1 1,6 1,0 1,1
Segment 2 1,3 0,8 1,3

Physical and mechanical parameters of distance knitted fabrics

Thickness, mm Areal density, g/m2 Stiffness compression module, kPa Material
W1 16.94 642 31.54 polyester
W2 15.22 786 56.37 polyester
W3 14.43 661 41.57 polyester
W4 7.98 743 111.34 polyester
W5 8.18 489 29.46 polyester
W6 6.30 446 83.42 polyester
W7 5.30 400 117.82 polyester

Anthropometric measurements of the human body

Nr. Body Measurements Measurement, 10−3m
1 Hip Circumference 346
2 Thigh length from rise to knee level 472
3 Sciatic bone length finishing at buttock level 134.3
4 Length from the middle of knee to the end of the buttock 606.3
5 Length from the knee level to the end of the buttock 646
6 Length from the middle of the knee to the end of the knee 39.7
7 Length from the floor to hip level (hip height) 99.4
8 Length from the floor to knee level (knee height) 52,2
9 Knee height; middle of knee height 108; 54
10 Tibia length from ankle to knee level 429
11 Length from the floor to the knee bentat 95° 466

Average RMS values and the calculated SEAT damping coefficient for individual components X, Y, Z

Average value RMS (X) Average value RMS (Y) Average value RMS (Z)
Sample Zero - Mean 1.146 m/s2 0.625 m/s2 2.130 m/s2
Medium sample 0.765 m/s2 0.626 m/s2 2.053 m/s2
SEAT coefficient for the prototype seat 1.499 1.000 1.000

The type of disease depends on the frequency of vibrations [1]

Activity Disease Frequency, Hz
All Labyrinth disorders 5 – 15
Operator of a construction machine Bone lesions, vascular neurosis 70 – 200
Driver of an agricultural tractor Changes along the spine within the intervertebral joints 6 – 12
Operator of a manual mechanical tool, e.g. a hammer drill Osteoarticular changes 10 – 130
Truck driver Nerve vascular disease 40 – 260
Operator of a machine for whipping the ground Abnormalities in the circulatory system above 30
Operator of an orbital sander Disorders in the muscular system 50
Operator of a pneumatic hammer Paroxysmal finger skin whitening above 30
Helicopter pilot Weakness of vision, blurred vision 18
Machine operator for excavation and drilling Angioneurotic problems Raynaud syndrome Keratosis of the skin Sensation problem 40 – 300

List of detailed dimensions of the Melex test vehicle

Parameter Dimension in, 10−3m
MELEX vehicle dimensions Length of melex 2500
Width of melex 1600
Height of melex 1280
Length of seat 1100 –for 2 people; 530 –for 1 person
Distance from floor to the seat (seat height) 360
Distance from seat to the inside back of seat 250
Seat dimensions Width of seat 530
Length of inside back of seat 490
Width of inside back of seat 460

List of standards for testing vibrations transmitted by the chair onto the human body in real conditions [23,24]

Norm Norm name
ISO 2631 – 1:1997 Mechanical vibrations and shocks - assessment of human exposure to whole body vibration - part 1: General requirements
ISO 8041 - 2005 Human reaction to vibrations - measuring instrumentation

Linear density of component yarns of spacer knitted fabrics

Code of yarn Yarn 1 Yarn 2 Yarn 3 Yarn 4 Yarn 5 Yarn 6
linear density of mass tex tex tex tex tex tex
W1 167 167 434 434 167 167
W2 167 167 677 677 167 167
W3 167 167 677 677 167 167
W4 111 111 50 50 111 111
W5 111 111 50 50 111 111
W6 111 111 50 50 111 111
W7 111 111 50 50 111 111
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Business and Economics, Business Management, Business Informatics, Process Management, Industrial Chemistry, Cellulose, Paper and Textiles, Polymer Science and Technology, Materials Sciences, Biomaterials and Natural Materials
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